“北京2008—奥运会徽:文化创新与景观设计研讨会”在京举办

2003年9月21日至9月29日,"北京2008首届奥林匹克文化节"在北京拉开帷幕.作为"奥运论坛"的一个重要组成部分,"北京2008-奥运会徽:文化创新与景观设计研讨会"于9月22日在中华世纪坛举行.研讨会由第29届奥运会组委会主办,中国人民大学、中央美术学院和清华大学承办.论坛的主题是"2008:从人文奥运到北京形象".

2008年热词

盘点即将过去的2008年，我们会发现有一些热词，折射这一年的进步与变化，快乐与烦恼，幽默与自嘲…… “冰雪灾害”——2008年的第一场雪，比以往时候来得更为猛烈一些。这场冰雪灾害早已过去，但思考和努力一直进行：我们该怎样应对种种自然或人为的“意外”，过一种“有准备”的安全的生活？

Trend and Interannual Variability of Chinese Air Pollution since 2000 in Association with Socioeconomic Development: A Brief Overview

Abstract Chinese air pollution has increased in this century along with the rapid socioeconomic development and resulting anthropogenic emissions. While recent emission control measures have shown encouraging re sults and have reduced the levels of sulfur dioxide and primary aerosols, the concentrations of other air pollutants continue to grow, particularly secondary pollutants in cluding ozone and secondary aerosols. Meanwhile, a va riety of intentional and unintentional socioeconomic events have temporarily changed the pace, and even the signs, of growth of air pollution. These events include the short-term emission restrictions imposed during the Sino-African Summit, the Beijing Olympics and Para lympics, the Shanghai World Exposition （Shanghai Expo）, the Guangzhou Asian Olympics, and the Shenzhen Uni versiade, as well as the unintentional emission reductions associated with the recent economic recession and the annual Chinese New Year. This paper presents a brief overview of trends and temporary perturbations of Chi nese air pollution since 2000, summarizing studies on anthropogenic emission inventories, atmospheric meas urements, and inverse modeling. It concludes with rec ommendations for future research.

Utilization Pattern of Olympic Parks and Its Application in Beijing

With great promotion of mega-events in both quantities and qualities in China, the research of Mega-events has been increased. As a global hallmark event, the Olympics, with their enormous scale, universal attraction for the media and tremendous political significance, have increasingly drawn attention from the researchers. It is obvious that Beijing has been greatly impacted by the 2008 Olympic Games as the host. The event aroused close attention of researchers, especially the problem how the Olympic stadiums and facilities can be utilized after Olympic Games. The paper employed 3 methods to conduct a survey, that is, sending questionnaires to tourists, in- terviewing with government officers, and collecting information about former Olympic Parks from Intemet and lit- eratures. The utilization of former Olympic Parks after Games was summarized and some experiences were refined. Besides, 3 main bodies including government, business operators and visitors which formed basic driving forces to influence the park＇s use were analyzed. At the same time, the paper believes that 3 topics affect the park＇s utilization involving ＇prepare to use＇, ~how to use it＇ and ~how to manage it＇, and Beijing Olympic Park can also follow that thinking and reference in the ft^her practices. Based on it, suggestions are given that Beijing Olympic Park can be planned spatially from 3 layers, the point, line and area, based on their function and infrastructure in the Games, and the area would be shaped as a new urban center with multi-functions while Mega-events and sport events are still the main content of the park.

Control system design of hybrid fuel cell city bus

This paper introduced the design of the hybrid powertrain of the Fuel Cell City Bus demonstrated in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The configuration of the hybrid fuel cell powertrain was introduced. The safety of hydrogen storage and delivery system, the hydrogen leakage alarm system were developed. The real-time distributed control and diagnosis system based on the Time Trigger Controller Area Network （TTCAN） with 10 ms basic control period was developed. The concept and implementation of processor （or controller） monitor and process （or task） monitor technique based on the TYCAN were applied in this paper. The fault tolerant control algorithm of the fuel cell engine and the battery man- agement system were considered. The demonstration experience verified that the fault tolerant control was very important for the fuel cell city bus.

On the design of ＂carbon neutral＂ mode for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games

＂Green Olympics＂ is one of the three main ideas for the Beijing 2008 Olympics. ＂carbon neutral＂, an environmental protection movement targeted at the reduction of CO2 emission, has gradually become a standard for sustainable development. In this paper, in-depth analysis is conducted on both the idea of ＂Green Olympics＂ and ＂carbon neutral＂, a strategic plan of combining the ideas of Beijing ＂Green Olympics＂ and ＂carbon neutral＂ is designed, and suggestions on technical and economic public policies are put forward for the ＂carbon neutral＂ plan of the Beijing 2008 Green Olympics.

Quantitative Analysis of Influence Force of Shanghai Expo on GGDP

Quantitative study of the impact of Shanghai World Expo on green GDP （GGDP） is significant for deploying sustainable development policy in China. The formula of GGDP is： GGDP = GDP--the loss of natural resources environment relegation cost ＋ comprehensive utilized value of waste. Based on this, the study employed vector autoregressive （VAR） model to predict the value of GGDP and other economic variables on condition that there was no Shanghai World Expo. Then Influence of Expo is defined as the rate of increase of GGDP. The result demonstrated that Shanghai World Expo had accelerated the growth rate of GGDP vastly with the elimination of effect of Beijing Olympics. Additionally, the quantitative analysis between GGDP and other economic variables suggested GGDP would replace GDP to evaluate the development of economy. Finally, the paper proposed that incidents like World Expo can enhance the level of influence for a country and that post-impact of Shanghai Expo should continue to be used to promote GGDP and that GGDP should serve as one of the indicators in assessment of political achievement.

China Open Concludes,Bird's Nest Applauded

'Good Luck Beijing'2008 China Athletics Open was held from May 20 to May 25,at Bird's Nest,the major Olympic avenue to be.

One-Year Gountdown to Beijing Olympice

August 8,2007,a special day for Chinese people,marks the be- ginning of one-year countdown to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.A grand ceremony opened in Chinas Olym- pic City at 8:08pm on August 8,2008. On this significant day,many celebrations referring to Olympic Games were held

CNPC Becomes a Partner of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games

The Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2008 Olympic Games （BOCOG） signed an agreement with China National Petroleum Corporation （CNPC） at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in the afternoon of May 30, making CNPC an official partner of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. It means that CNPC, China＇s largest producer and supplier of oil and gas,

Analysis the development of cultural pattems and the evolution of Chinese traditional martial arts

Chinese martial arts have a long history, profound, which is an integral part of Chinese traditional culture of grandeur. China joined the WTO and the Beijing Olympic Games ＂has a rich cultural heritage of thousands of years of Chinese martial arts with its unique charm and much of the world＇ s attention.＂ In the face of opportunities and challenges, the international spread of martial arts has become an irresistible trend. ＂First of propagation, the spread of the concept of martial arts and martial arts were defined international spread, and it were explains martial international spread of cultural level societal level and significance of the economic level, dialectical judge the outcome of the international transmission acquired with the problems.＂ Secondly, the traditional martial arts culture for martial international dissemination presented aphasia phenomenon, by means of the analysis of the advanced nature of martial arts culture, the martial arts and cultural heritage considered as the center of gravity advantages, not only to absorb the multicultural essence of martial arts culture useful, but also highlight the ethnic characteristics of martial arts culture, martial arts culture to enhance capacity external radiation, the Chinese martial arts as a complete all- round cultural forms, multi-level, multi-an^le display, promote the Chinese martial arts to the world in a more in-depth. ＂

The 11th High-Tech Expo

The 11th China Beijing Interna- tional High-Tech Expo,themed as'high-tech Olympics and high- tech innovation',was rounded off successfully on the afternoon of May 25.The Expo,held as planned in such a special period of post-quake relief work,

Tasting Beijing,Approaching Olympic Games

Sponsored by Beijing Tour Administration,co-organized by Singapore Conference and Exhibition Administration Service Co.,Ltd.and Beijing Relation Exhibition Co.,Ltd.,“2007 Beijing International Tour Expo”was held in Beijing in June.Commissioner Du Jiang gave a presentation with the opening ceremmony,and pointed out that with the theme of“Tasting Beijing,Approaching Olympic Games”,the expo was a platform of promoting the communication and cooperation between the Chinese and foreign tourism industries.

Strength behavior and collapse of spatial-reticulated structures under multi-support excitation

Under strong shocks,long-span spatial-latticed structures may collapse due to dynamic instability or strength failure.The elasto-plastic dynamic behaviors of three spatiallatticed structures,including two double-layer cylindrical shells and a spheri-cal shell used for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing,were quantitatively examined under multi-support excitation(MSE) and uniform support excitation(USE).Numerical analyses described several important parameters such as the peak acceleration and displacement responses at key joints,the number and distribution of plastic elements,and the deformation of the shell at the moment of collapse.Results of the analysis revealed the features and the failure mechanism of the spatial-latticed structures under MSE and USE.In both scenarios,the double-layer reticulated shell collapsed in the "overflow" mode,collapse was govrned by the number of invalid plastic elements rather than the total number of plastic elements,and the collapse of the structure began with damage to certain local regions near the supports.By comparing the numbers and distributions of the plastic members under MSE to those under USE,it was observed that the plastic members spread more sufficiently and the internal forces were more uniform under MSE,especially for lower apparent velocities in soils.Due to the effects of pseudo-static displacement,the stresses in members near supports under MSE were higher than those under USE.These regions are prone to failure during earthquakes and deserve special attention in the seismic design of reticulated structures.

High-quality Development Paths of Ice-snow Tourism in China from the Perspective of the Winter Olympics

Preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics have promoted the rapid development of ice-snow tourism in China,which contributes to achieving the goal of having“300 million people participate in ice-snow sports”.This paper analyzes the status quo and problems associated with the growth of ice-snow tourism in China based on the methods of documentation and field investigation.The results indicate that China’s efforts have born abundant fruits.Notwithstanding,there are still some problems due to the limited time and hastened process of ice-snow tourism development,including unreasonable exploitation,low-quality products and services,imperfect investment and financing system,inadequate management,a single marketing mode,and insufficient talent teams.Compared with developed countries in Europe and the United States,ice-snow tourism in China is in the stage of rapid development.To achieve the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China,this paper proposes actions from eight aspects which involve policy,products and services,marketing,safety management and control,talent teams,standardization construction,science and technology,and community participation.This study can provide references for the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China,as well as perfecting Chinese theoretical research on ice-snow tourism.

Evaluation and Promotion Model of Tourist Satisfaction in Ice and Snow Tourism Destinations

The successful bid for the Beijing Winter Olympics has brought historic opportunities for the development of ice and snow tourism in China.An index system for the evaluation of tourist satisfaction in ice and snow tourism destinations was constructed from the target layer-factor layer-index layer approach in this paper.Taking tourists with ice and snow tourism experience as the research object,and integrating a questionnaire survey and the Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA)method,a total of 840 valid questionnaires were collected to assess the satisfaction of tourists in snow and ice tourism destinations,and the promotion model of tourist satisfaction in ice and snow tourism destinations was put forward.This process led to three main results.(1)Ice and snow tourists in China are characterized as young and better-educated,with college students aged 19 to 25 as the main consumer group.More than 70%of ice and snow tourists are pretty satisfied with the current development of ice and snow destinations in China,and are willing to participate again.(2)Other than“ice and snow souvenirs”,tourists’perceptions of importance are all higher than the level of perceived satisfaction,and the importance values of the 13 indicators including“Scenic spot security”and“Diversity of ice and snow entertainment and sports”are especially high,showing that tourists have high expectations and demands of the destinations.However,the perceived satisfaction level of tourists for all indexes is generally low,mostly at the general satisfaction level,indicating that ice and snow tourism destinations have only partially met the demands of ice and snow tourists,and there is still much room for improvement.(3)After IPA analysis,five suggestions for improving the satisfaction of tourists in ice and snow tourism destinations were put forward,including diversification of the tourism business model,construction of tourism facilities,a market diversified cultivation model,a humanized mode of tourism service and a refined management model.The results of this study will help to enrich the theory of ice and snow tourist satisfaction and promote the high-quality development of China's ice and snow tourism in the post-Winter Olympics era.