The fiscal sustainability of China and the United States is of major concern globally. Based on comparative data analysis, this paper reveals that the government debt level of both countries is within the normal range...The fiscal sustainability of China and the United States is of major concern globally. Based on comparative data analysis, this paper reveals that the government debt level of both countries is within the normal range. Robust growth prospects of both countries will also vigorously support their future mitigation of government debt level. Comparatively speaking, China＇s government debt level is healthy and, despite extensive concerns, even its local government debt is not very high. The assessment that China may encounter a crisis is not supported by evidence. Yet in the long run, both countries will face pressures from increased fiscal spending on elder care and healthcare stemming from an ageing population, which will threaten their fiscal sustainability. These challenges require both countries to speed up reforms of elder care and healthcare. Specifically, China needs to focus on elder care reforms and the US should attach more importance to healthcare reforms.展开更多
The wisdom of the aged has become a direction that can＇t be ignored in the development of the old-age industry. It can be combined with traditional home care, institutional pension and community pension, and can impr...The wisdom of the aged has become a direction that can＇t be ignored in the development of the old-age industry. It can be combined with traditional home care, institutional pension and community pension, and can improve the efficiency of these old-age models, and can also connect the transformation of old-age service and medical service to the combination of medical support, and there are many advantages. This article will analyze the realization basis of intelligent endowment, the advantages and disadvantages of intelligent endowment, and explore how to effectively promote the development of intelligent pension industry.展开更多
China has entered the aging society, on the one hand, the number of elderly people in the gradual increase in the number of the corresponding oldest old, disabled elderly, and other semi-disabled elderly is also incre...China has entered the aging society, on the one hand, the number of elderly people in the gradual increase in the number of the corresponding oldest old, disabled elderly, and other semi-disabled elderly is also increasing; on the other hand, family pension function is weakening. This brings new problems and challenges to elderly care services and medical services. How to make the elderly a sense of security, the old medical care, doctors explore new mode of raising combined pension service is very important, domestic scholars have done a lot of this, they mainly focus on the medical support pension model combining content, doctors pension service support combined mode and manner of service objects and the advantages and problems of the medical support combined pension model is discussed. Firstly, from ＂medical support integration＂ policy development view, then from the above three aspects of the research scholars to sort out and summarize, try to identify the lack of exploration and research, indicate the direction for further research.展开更多
＂The Chinese Dream＂ and its ideational precursors in official discourse touch upon issues of social policymaking. More specifically, official China has stated the goal of achieving a ＂moderate＂ or ＂appropriate＂ ...＂The Chinese Dream＂ and its ideational precursors in official discourse touch upon issues of social policymaking. More specifically, official China has stated the goal of achieving a ＂moderate＂ or ＂appropriate＂ universal welfare state in order to mitigate increasing inequality and the individualization of social risk. Consequently, the new millennium witnessed a wave of social reforms in China's Mainland, the most significant of which were arguably within the policy fields of health insurance, pensions and unemployment protection. This paper reviews reform efforts within these three policy fields and discusses progress and looming challenges with the concept of universalism as the yardstick. From the perspective of universalism, the social right dimensions of coverage （the share of the population included）, generosity （benefit levels or adequacy of welfare proved for those included） and financing （such as state, contributions or private） are quintessential. Coverage of social protection has increased significantly with new schemes in all three policy fields. The hukou divide in coverage of social insurance is not as pronounced as before, especially in health insurance. However, major challenges still persist. Declining benefit generosity or adequacy has been a tendency in both pensions and unemployment protection. The pension system also faces problems of financial fragmentation and unsustainability. The health insurance system is still inadequate in terms of protection against health risks, particularly serious or chronic illnesses. These issues are more pronounced in schemes catering to rural residents or urban residents outside the labor market. This reflects that schemes for urban workers are still much more generous. In this regard, recent tentative efforts to integrate the divided welfare system should be noted.展开更多
文摘The fiscal sustainability of China and the United States is of major concern globally. Based on comparative data analysis, this paper reveals that the government debt level of both countries is within the normal range. Robust growth prospects of both countries will also vigorously support their future mitigation of government debt level. Comparatively speaking, China＇s government debt level is healthy and, despite extensive concerns, even its local government debt is not very high. The assessment that China may encounter a crisis is not supported by evidence. Yet in the long run, both countries will face pressures from increased fiscal spending on elder care and healthcare stemming from an ageing population, which will threaten their fiscal sustainability. These challenges require both countries to speed up reforms of elder care and healthcare. Specifically, China needs to focus on elder care reforms and the US should attach more importance to healthcare reforms.
文摘The wisdom of the aged has become a direction that can＇t be ignored in the development of the old-age industry. It can be combined with traditional home care, institutional pension and community pension, and can improve the efficiency of these old-age models, and can also connect the transformation of old-age service and medical service to the combination of medical support, and there are many advantages. This article will analyze the realization basis of intelligent endowment, the advantages and disadvantages of intelligent endowment, and explore how to effectively promote the development of intelligent pension industry.
文摘China has entered the aging society, on the one hand, the number of elderly people in the gradual increase in the number of the corresponding oldest old, disabled elderly, and other semi-disabled elderly is also increasing; on the other hand, family pension function is weakening. This brings new problems and challenges to elderly care services and medical services. How to make the elderly a sense of security, the old medical care, doctors explore new mode of raising combined pension service is very important, domestic scholars have done a lot of this, they mainly focus on the medical support pension model combining content, doctors pension service support combined mode and manner of service objects and the advantages and problems of the medical support combined pension model is discussed. Firstly, from ＂medical support integration＂ policy development view, then from the above three aspects of the research scholars to sort out and summarize, try to identify the lack of exploration and research, indicate the direction for further research.
文摘＂The Chinese Dream＂ and its ideational precursors in official discourse touch upon issues of social policymaking. More specifically, official China has stated the goal of achieving a ＂moderate＂ or ＂appropriate＂ universal welfare state in order to mitigate increasing inequality and the individualization of social risk. Consequently, the new millennium witnessed a wave of social reforms in China's Mainland, the most significant of which were arguably within the policy fields of health insurance, pensions and unemployment protection. This paper reviews reform efforts within these three policy fields and discusses progress and looming challenges with the concept of universalism as the yardstick. From the perspective of universalism, the social right dimensions of coverage （the share of the population included）, generosity （benefit levels or adequacy of welfare proved for those included） and financing （such as state, contributions or private） are quintessential. Coverage of social protection has increased significantly with new schemes in all three policy fields. The hukou divide in coverage of social insurance is not as pronounced as before, especially in health insurance. However, major challenges still persist. Declining benefit generosity or adequacy has been a tendency in both pensions and unemployment protection. The pension system also faces problems of financial fragmentation and unsustainability. The health insurance system is still inadequate in terms of protection against health risks, particularly serious or chronic illnesses. These issues are more pronounced in schemes catering to rural residents or urban residents outside the labor market. This reflects that schemes for urban workers are still much more generous. In this regard, recent tentative efforts to integrate the divided welfare system should be noted.
