Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var. pubescens are rare timber species. In China, Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var. pubescens distribute sporadical y with smal popuIation size but have huge deveIopment potential. T...Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var. pubescens are rare timber species. In China, Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var. pubescens distribute sporadical y with smal popuIation size but have huge deveIopment potential. The paper reviewed the research progress of their seedIing breeding, nutrient characteristics, fertiIization technoIogy, afforestation design, timber utiIization, chemistry and pharmacoIogy, and then Iooked into the future research and utiIization of Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var. pubescens.展开更多
Cancer treatments are rapidly changing.Curative treatment for oesophageal adenocarcinoma currently involves surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.Outcomes for both regimes are generally poor as a res...Cancer treatments are rapidly changing.Curative treatment for oesophageal adenocarcinoma currently involves surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.Outcomes for both regimes are generally poor as a result of tumor recurrence.We have reviewed the key signalling pathways associated with oesophageal adenocarcinomas and discussed the recent trials of novel agents that attempt to target these pathways.There are many trials underway with the aim of improving survival in oesophageal cancer.Currently,phase 2 and 3 trials are focused on MAP kinase inhibition,either through inhibition of growth factor receptors or signal transducer proteins.In order to avoid tumor resistance,it appears to be clear that targeted therapy will be needed to combat the multiple signalling pathways that are in operation in oesophageal adenocarcinomas.This may be achievable in the future with the advent of gene signatures and a combinatorial approach.展开更多
AIM:The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway system plays a prominent role in the control of cell growth and extracellular matrix formation in the progression of liver fibrogenesis. Smad pro...AIM:The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway system plays a prominent role in the control of cell growth and extracellular matrix formation in the progression of liver fibrogenesis. Smad proteins can either positively or negatively regulate TGF-β responses. In this study, the therapeutic effects of Chinese traditional compound decoction, JinSanE, and the changes of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway system in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced rat experimental liver fibrosis were examined. METHODS: Seventy-two healthy Wistar rats were assigned to groups including normal control group, CCl4 model group, JinSanE treatment group I and JinSanE treatment group II. Each group contained 18 rats. All groups, except the normal control group, received CCl4 subcutaneous injection for 8 wk. Rats in JinSanE groups I and II were orally treated with JinSanE daily at the 1st and 5th wk, respectively, after exposure to CCl4. The expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 type II receptor (TRII) mRNA in the liver was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of TGF-β1, Smad3 and Smad7 by immunohistochemistry. The liver histopathology was also examined by HE staining and observed under electron microscope. The activities of several serum fibrosis-associated enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), the levels of serum hyaluronic acid (HA) were assayed. RESULTS: Hepatic fibrosis caused by CCl4 was significantly inhibited in the JinSanE-treated groups. The degrees of necrosis/degeneration and fibrosis scores were significantly lower in the JinSanE-treated groups than in the model control group. The expression of TGF-β1, TRII and Smad3 was significantly higher in the model group than that in the JinSanE-treated groups, and the active/total TGF-β1 ratio in the JinSanE groups was suppressed. Expression of TRII mRNA and Smad3 proteins snowed a distribution pattern similar to that of TGF-β1 with a direct correlation in terms of the degree of hepatic fibrosis. The amount of positive staining Smad7 cells was significantly less in the model group than in the JinSanE-treated groups and the normal group. The contents of ALT, AST and HA were significantly lower in the JinSanE-treated groups than those in the model group. CONCLUSION: Traditional Chinese medicine, JinSanE, prevents the progression of hepatic damage and fibrosis through the inhibition of TGF-β1, TRII and Smad3 signal proteins, and increases expression of Smad7 signal protein in vivo.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of medical ozone (O3) combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Yigan Fuzheng Paidu Capsules (YC) against carbon tetrachloride (CCh)-induced hepatic injury in ...AIM: To investigate the protective effect of medical ozone (O3) combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Yigan Fuzheng Paidu Capsules (YC) against carbon tetrachloride (CCh)-induced hepatic injury in dogs. METHODS: Thirty healthy dogs were divided randomly into five groups (n = 6 in each group), namely control, oleanolic acid tablet (OAT), O3, YC and O3 + YC, given either no particular pre-treatment, oral OAT, medical ozone rectal insulfflation every other day, oral YC, or oral YC plus medical ozone rectal insulfflation every other day, respectively, for 30 consecutive days. After pre-treatment, acute hepatic injury was induced in all dogs with a single-dose intraperitoneal injection of CCh. General condition and survival time were recorded. The biochemical and hematological indexes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase/ alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), serum total bUirubin (TBIL), prothrombin time (PT), blood ammonia (AMMO), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured after CCh injection. Hepatic pathological changes were also observed.RESULTS: Compared to the other four groups, the changes of group O3 + YC dogs' general conditions (motoricity, mental state, eating, urination and defecation) could be better controlled. In group O3 + YC the survival rates were higher (P 〈 0.05 vs group control). AST/ALT values were kept within a normal level in group O3 + YC. Hepatic histopathology showed that hepatic injury in group O3 + YC was less serious than those in the other four groups.CONCLUSION: Medical ozone combined with TCM YC could exert a protective effect on acute liver injury induced by CCI4,展开更多
AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a Chinese medicine, Yi-gan-kang granule (granules for benefiting the liver), in prophylaxis and treatment of liver fibrosis in rats and its possible mechanism. METHODS: One hundred a...AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a Chinese medicine, Yi-gan-kang granule (granules for benefiting the liver), in prophylaxis and treatment of liver fibrosis in rats and its possible mechanism. METHODS: One hundred and forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups (20 each): group 1, blank control group without any interference during the study; group 2, CCI4-induced liver fibrosis group; group 3, pig serum-induced liver fibrosis group; group 4, prophylaxis group of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by Yi-gan-kang; group 5, prophylaxis group of pig serum-induced liver fibrosis by Yi-gan-kang; group 6, treatment group of CCI4-induced liver fibrosis by Yi-gan-kang; group 7, treatment group of CCI4-induced liver fibrosis by Yi-gan-kang. At wk 6,10,14 and 20 (baseline for CCl4., or big serum induction), five rats in each group were anesthetized and their livers were removed for pathological studies including immunohistochemical studies for α-SMA, type I collagen and In situ hybridization of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TTMP-1) mRNA of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Anti-lipid peroxidation in isolated mitochondria and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay for proliferation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-medicated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL), flow cytometry and electron microscopy for apoptosis in isolated HSCs were also studied. RESULTS: The mean number of pseudolobuli at wk 10, 14 and 20 in the prophylaxis group was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.05 or 0.01). The effect of prophylaxis at wk 14 in CCI4 rats and at wk 10 in pig serum-induced rats was much better than that of treatment group (P<0.01). The thickness (in μm) of fibers both in pig serum-induced prophylaxis and in treatment groups at wk 14 and. 20 was significantly less than that in control group (P<0.05). The number of fibers both in prophylaxis and in treatment groups from wk 10 or 14 to 20 was significantly less than that in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The tissue HSC positive rates of type I collagen, α-SMA and TIMP-1 mRNA, which represented the active phenotype of HSCs in tissues, remained very high from wk 6 to the end of model making in control group. While in prophylaxis group, they were at a relatively low level. In treatment group, there was a gradual decreasing trend. Time- and dose-dependent effects of anti-lipid peroxidation on isolated mitochondria, cell proliferation and apoptosis in cultured HSCs were also observed during the study. CONCLUSION: Yi-gan-kang can effectively inhibit or inverse the course of liver fibrogenesis in CCI4- and pig serum-induced rat models.展开更多
AIM: To study the effects of magnolol and honokiol on isolated smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract and their relationship with Ca^2+, and on the gastric emptying and the intestinal propulsive activity in mice.ME...AIM: To study the effects of magnolol and honokiol on isolated smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract and their relationship with Ca^2+, and on the gastric emptying and the intestinal propulsive activity in mice.METHODS: Routine experimental methods using isolated gastric fundus strips of rats and isolated ileum segments of guinea pigs were adopted to measure the smooth muscle tension, The effects of magnolol 10^-3, 10^-4, 10^-5 mol/L, and honokiol 10^-4, 10^-5, 10^-6 mol/L on the contractility of gastric fundus strips of rats and ileum of guinea pigs induced by acetylcholine (Ach) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was assessed respectively, The method using nuclein and pigment methylene blue was adopted to measure the gastric retention rate of nuclein and the intestinal propulsive ratio of a nutritional semi-solid meal for assessing the effect of magnolol and honokiol (0.5, 2, 20 mg/kg) on gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion.RESULTS: Magnolol and honokiol significantly inhibited the contractility of isolated gastric fundus strips of rats treated with Ach or 5-HT and isolated ileum guinea pigs treated with Ach or CaCl2, and both of them behaved as non-competitive muscarinic antagonists. Magnolol and honokiol inhibited the contraction induced by Ach in Ca^2+-free medium and extracellular Ca^2+-dependent contraction induced by Ach, Each group of magnolol and honokiol experiments significantly decreased the residual rate of nudein in the stomach and increased the intestinal propulsive ratio in mice.CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect of magnolol and honokiol on contractility of the smooth muscles of isolated gastric fundus strips of rats and isolated ileum of guinea pigs is associated with a calcium-antagonistic effect. Magnolol and honokiol can improve the gastric emptying of a semi-solid meal and intestinal propulsive activity in mice.展开更多
To study the clinical effects of Da Ding Feng Zhu (大定风珠) Decoction on liver fibrosis. 56 patients withliver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B were randomly divided into a treatment group (30 cases treatedwith Da...To study the clinical effects of Da Ding Feng Zhu (大定风珠) Decoction on liver fibrosis. 56 patients withliver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B were randomly divided into a treatment group (30 cases treatedwith Da Ding Feng Zhu Decoction) and a control group (26 cases treated with colchicine). The serumlevels of hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen Ⅲ (PC-Ⅲ), Ⅳ collagen (Ⅳ-C) and Laminin (LN) of thepatients were determined, compared and analyzed before treatment and after 3-month treatment in the twogroups. The results showed that in the treatment group, the levels of HA, PC-Ⅲ, Ⅳ-C and LN after3-month treatment were significantly lowered as compared to that before treatment (P<0.01). In thecontrol group, only the HA level was obviously lowered (P<0.05). There was an significant difference(P<0.05) in PC-Ⅲ and Ⅳ-C and a very significant difference (P<0.01) in HA after treatment between thetwo groups. It is therefore concluded that Da Ding Feng Zhu Decoction can lower serum indexes of liverfibrosis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of Qinggan Huoxuefang (QGHXF) on improvement of liver function and pathology in rats, and to analyze the mechanism. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into three groups at random: no...AIM: To investigate the effect of Qinggan Huoxuefang (QGHXF) on improvement of liver function and pathology in rats, and to analyze the mechanism. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into three groups at random: normal control group (12), micro-amount carbon tetrachlodde group (CCh)(12) and model group A (60). The model group A was ingested with the mixture (500 mL/L alcohol, 8 mL/kg per day; corn oil, 2 mL/kg per day; pyrazole, 24 mg/kg per day) once a day and intraperitoneal injections of 0.25 mL/kg of a 250 mL/L solution of CCh in olive oil twice a week for 12 wk. The CCh group received intraperitoneal injections only. At the end of 8 wk the model group A (60) was divided into 5 subgroups: model group, Xiaochaihu Chongji (XCH) group, QGHXF high dose group, moderate dose group and low dose group, and were given the drugs respectively. At the end of 12 wk, all the rats were killed and blood samples collected, as well as liver tissue. Blood samples were used for evaluation of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (y-GT). Liver specimens were obtained for routine HE, apoptosis gene array and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: A liver fibrosis animal model was successfully established. Fibrosis was obviously reduced in QGHXF high dose group, and no fibrosis formed in CCh group. Compared with model group the QGHXF group and XCH group could obviously decrease the level of ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT (P〈0.05). QGHXF high dose group was better than XCH group in ALT (615± 190 vs 867± 115),and AST(1972 ± 366 vs 2777 ± 608). Moreover, QGHXF could reduce liver inflammation, fibrosis-induced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) apoptosis and regulate apoptosis gene expression. The HSC apoptosis rates of QGHXF groups were 22.4±3.13, 13.79±2.26 and 10.07± 1.14, higher than model group, 6.58±1.04 (P〈 0.05). Compared to model group, 39 genes were up-regulated, 11 solely expressed and 17 down-regulated in high dose group. CONCLUSION: QGHXF can improve liver fibrosis and induce HSC apoptosis.展开更多
For digitalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),research is being conducted on objectivization of diagnosis and treatment,mathematical models of TCM theories,and application of modern information technology to...For digitalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),research is being conducted on objectivization of diagnosis and treatment,mathematical models of TCM theories,and application of modern information technology to digitize the vast amounts of existing information.However,the author believes that TCM practitioners should first conduct a systematic and comprehensive refined analysis on the knowledge of TCM and unify data elements used in computer intelligence to avoid ambiguity.Thus,we must overcome the epistemological constraints and carefully analyze the relationship among data elements to achieve systematic results and administer TCM appropriately.展开更多
The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ConstitutionClassification and the Constitutions in Chinese MedicineQuestionnaire (CCMQ) are based on nearly 30 years' researchon physique structure,physiological functions,p...The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ConstitutionClassification and the Constitutions in Chinese MedicineQuestionnaire (CCMQ) are based on nearly 30 years' researchon physique structure,physiological functions,psychologicalcharacteristics and reactive states.Epidemiology,immunology,molecular biology,genetics,mathematical statistics and multicrosseddisciplines were applied and many arguments were putforward by TCM experts,epidemiological specialists and constitutionexperts to establish the standardization tool Classificationand Diagnosis Standards for the Constitutions of TCM.At thesame time,basic research on constitution classification wasconducted to supply the objective basis of the classification standards.The Standards were used to conduct 21,948 cases ofepidemiological investigation on a national scale and showedgreat applicability,practicability and maneuverability.TheStandards were applied abroad in the medical services of TCMand were also an effective tool in the development of preventivetreatment of diseases by TCM.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with chemotherapy inthe treatment of primary liver cancer on the basis of meta-analysis software. Method: Retrieval random...Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with chemotherapy inthe treatment of primary liver cancer on the basis of meta-analysis software. Method: Retrieval randomizedcontrolled trials (RCT) of TCM combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of the liver cancer from the networkdatabase (such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBMED, Chinese CNKI database, Wanfang database, VIP databaseetc.). The retrieval period was from January 2011 to July 2017. Results: A total of 16 RCT studies were includedand involving 1873 patients, with 949 patients in the treatment (TCM with chemotherapy) group and 924 patientsin the control group (chemotherapy alone). Meta-analysis results suggest that TCM combined with chemotherapyin the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma can improve curative effect, improve the degree of ascites ofpatients, improve the quality of life of patients and alleviate chemotherapy side effects. Conclusion: TCMcombined with chemotherapy in the treatment of primary liver cancer is helpful to improve the short term curativeeffect, improve the quality of life of patients, and alleviate the toxic and side effects.展开更多
With the clinical application of various chemotherapeutic drugs,the side effects are also followed.Diarrhea is one of the most serious side effects of chemotherapy.A large number of clinical and experimental studies h...With the clinical application of various chemotherapeutic drugs,the side effects are also followed.Diarrhea is one of the most serious side effects of chemotherapy.A large number of clinical and experimental studies have proven that traditional Chinese medicine has great prospects in relieving chemotherapy-related diarrhea.The article mainly discusses the mechanism of chemotherapy-related diarrhea and the prospect of traditional Chinese medicine in relieving the mechanism of chemotherapy-related diarrhea.展开更多
In order to observe the therapeutic effects of Huatan Yigan Decoction (化痰益肝汤 Decoction for resolving phlegm and replenishing the liver) on antidiabetic-induced hepatopathy, 129 cases were divided into two groups,...In order to observe the therapeutic effects of Huatan Yigan Decoction (化痰益肝汤 Decoction for resolving phlegm and replenishing the liver) on antidiabetic-induced hepatopathy, 129 cases were divided into two groups, 72 cases in the treatment group were administrated with Huatan Yigan Decoction and 57 cases in the control group with the liver-protecting drugs. Their liver function, plasma prothrombin time (PT), blood urea nitrogen and symptoms of the patients before and after treatment were observed during the three therapeutic courses. Results: The total effective rate and cured rate of the treatment group manifested an obvious difference in comparison with those of the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Even though the liver function, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and symptoms in both groups were improved markedly, these indicators in the treatment group were improved more markedly than those in control group (P<0.01). No adverse effect was found during the treatment. Conclusion: Huatan Yigan Decoction shows a repair action on hepatic injury.展开更多
With Xiao Jianzhong Tang (小建中汤), the author has successfully treated 80 cases of peptic ulcer. The therapeutic effects obtained were compared with that of the Western medicine. A report follows.
The broad and profound Chinese medicine culture is an important part of Chinese traditional culture, which nourishes the vigorous development of modern Chinese medicine. At present, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM...The broad and profound Chinese medicine culture is an important part of Chinese traditional culture, which nourishes the vigorous development of modern Chinese medicine. At present, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) culture faces challenges and opportunities. As the inheritor of Chinese medicine culture, we bear the burden of inheriting and carrying forward TCM culture. Distinctive community culture is mainly playing value guidance and education transmission function in the process of residents identifying with the culture of Chinese medicine. Therefore, building a distinctive community culture under the guidance of the essence of TCM can effectively inherit and develop TCM culture.展开更多
AIM: To study the effects of total glucosides of peony (TGP) on immunological hepatic fibrosis induced by human albumin in rats.METHODS: Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into: Normal group, m...AIM: To study the effects of total glucosides of peony (TGP) on immunological hepatic fibrosis induced by human albumin in rats.METHODS: Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into: Normal group, model group, TGP (60 and 120 mg/kg) treatment groups and colchicines (0.1 mg/kg) treatment group. On the day before the rats were killed, those in TGP or colchicine groups received TGP or colchicine as above from the first day of tail vein injection of human albumin. The rats in normal and model groups were only administered with the same volume of vehicle. At the end of the 16th wk, rats in each group were killed. Blood and tissue specimens were taken. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), nitric oxide (NO), content of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), were measured by biochemical methods. Serum procollagen type Ⅲ (PC Ⅲ) and laminin (LN) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Liver collagen level was determined by measuring hydroxyproline content in fresh liver samples. Hepatic tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined under a light microscope.RESULTS: Histological results showed that TGP improved the human albumin-induced alterations in the liver structure, alleviated lobular necrosis and significantly lowered collagen content. The antifibrotic effect of TGP was also confirmed by decreased serum content of LN and PCⅢ in TGP-treated group. Moreover, the treatment with TGP effectively reduced the hydroxyproline contentin liver homogenates. However, the level of ALT and AST increased in fibrotic rat but had no significance compared with normal control, whereas the ratio of A/G decreased without significance. TGP had no effect on level of ALT, AST and the ratio of A/G. Furthermore, TGP treatment significantly blocked the increase in MDA and NO, associated with a partial elevation in liver total antioxidant capacity including SOD and GSH-px.CONCLUSION: TGP has beneficial effects on hepaticfibrosis in rats by inhibition of collagen synthesis and decreasing oxidative stress.展开更多
Ethnomedicine is an important component of ethnic culture, and a part of traditional medicine in China. We undertook great considerations and in-depth investigations of Dai Medicine, as well as analyses of its basic c...Ethnomedicine is an important component of ethnic culture, and a part of traditional medicine in China. We undertook great considerations and in-depth investigations of Dai Medicine, as well as analyses of its basic concepts, current situations, and interrelations with Traditional Chinese Medicine. The issues regarding Dai Medicine's heritage and development are also discussed.展开更多
The effects of Chinese medicines on micro-circulation and blood flow velocity in arteries of the lower limbs were observed in 33 patients with arteriosclerotic obliteration(ASO).The results showed that the integral va...The effects of Chinese medicines on micro-circulation and blood flow velocity in arteries of the lower limbs were observed in 33 patients with arteriosclerotic obliteration(ASO).The results showed that the integral values of micro-circulation after treatment were obviously higher than those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Blood flow velocity in arteries of the lower limbs determined with the color Doppler ultrasound detecting method after treatment were also obviously higher than those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01).In tbis series of 33 ASO patients,the markedly effective rate was 36.36%,and the total effective rate was 63.64%.The observation indicates that the recipe prescribed according to the principle of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation can effectively improve micro-circulation in ASO patients,and accelerate blood flow in arteries of the lower limbs.展开更多
基金Supported by Public Welfare Research Projects of Science and Technology Bureau of Hubei Province(40 2012DBA40001)~~
文摘Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var. pubescens are rare timber species. In China, Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var. pubescens distribute sporadical y with smal popuIation size but have huge deveIopment potential. The paper reviewed the research progress of their seedIing breeding, nutrient characteristics, fertiIization technoIogy, afforestation design, timber utiIization, chemistry and pharmacoIogy, and then Iooked into the future research and utiIization of Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var. pubescens.
基金Supported by UK National Institute of Health Research/Cancer Research Network (UK NIHR/UKCRN) and Research and Development Department of Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust (to Ang YS)R Keld WrightingtonWigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust Cancer Therapy Fund(to Keld RR,in part)
文摘Cancer treatments are rapidly changing.Curative treatment for oesophageal adenocarcinoma currently involves surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.Outcomes for both regimes are generally poor as a result of tumor recurrence.We have reviewed the key signalling pathways associated with oesophageal adenocarcinomas and discussed the recent trials of novel agents that attempt to target these pathways.There are many trials underway with the aim of improving survival in oesophageal cancer.Currently,phase 2 and 3 trials are focused on MAP kinase inhibition,either through inhibition of growth factor receptors or signal transducer proteins.In order to avoid tumor resistance,it appears to be clear that targeted therapy will be needed to combat the multiple signalling pathways that are in operation in oesophageal adenocarcinomas.This may be achievable in the future with the advent of gene signatures and a combinatorial approach.
基金Supported by the Basic Research Program of Hubei Province Education Bureau, No. 2003X113
文摘AIM:The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway system plays a prominent role in the control of cell growth and extracellular matrix formation in the progression of liver fibrogenesis. Smad proteins can either positively or negatively regulate TGF-β responses. In this study, the therapeutic effects of Chinese traditional compound decoction, JinSanE, and the changes of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway system in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced rat experimental liver fibrosis were examined. METHODS: Seventy-two healthy Wistar rats were assigned to groups including normal control group, CCl4 model group, JinSanE treatment group I and JinSanE treatment group II. Each group contained 18 rats. All groups, except the normal control group, received CCl4 subcutaneous injection for 8 wk. Rats in JinSanE groups I and II were orally treated with JinSanE daily at the 1st and 5th wk, respectively, after exposure to CCl4. The expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 type II receptor (TRII) mRNA in the liver was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of TGF-β1, Smad3 and Smad7 by immunohistochemistry. The liver histopathology was also examined by HE staining and observed under electron microscope. The activities of several serum fibrosis-associated enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), the levels of serum hyaluronic acid (HA) were assayed. RESULTS: Hepatic fibrosis caused by CCl4 was significantly inhibited in the JinSanE-treated groups. The degrees of necrosis/degeneration and fibrosis scores were significantly lower in the JinSanE-treated groups than in the model control group. The expression of TGF-β1, TRII and Smad3 was significantly higher in the model group than that in the JinSanE-treated groups, and the active/total TGF-β1 ratio in the JinSanE groups was suppressed. Expression of TRII mRNA and Smad3 proteins snowed a distribution pattern similar to that of TGF-β1 with a direct correlation in terms of the degree of hepatic fibrosis. The amount of positive staining Smad7 cells was significantly less in the model group than in the JinSanE-treated groups and the normal group. The contents of ALT, AST and HA were significantly lower in the JinSanE-treated groups than those in the model group. CONCLUSION: Traditional Chinese medicine, JinSanE, prevents the progression of hepatic damage and fibrosis through the inhibition of TGF-β1, TRII and Smad3 signal proteins, and increases expression of Smad7 signal protein in vivo.
基金the Superintendent Foundation of Nanfang Hospital in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, No. 20050012, the Foundation of Health Bureau of Guangdong Province, No. 2006388 the Foundation for Studies of the Science and Technology Bureau of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, No. 200204176
文摘AIM: To investigate the protective effect of medical ozone (O3) combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Yigan Fuzheng Paidu Capsules (YC) against carbon tetrachloride (CCh)-induced hepatic injury in dogs. METHODS: Thirty healthy dogs were divided randomly into five groups (n = 6 in each group), namely control, oleanolic acid tablet (OAT), O3, YC and O3 + YC, given either no particular pre-treatment, oral OAT, medical ozone rectal insulfflation every other day, oral YC, or oral YC plus medical ozone rectal insulfflation every other day, respectively, for 30 consecutive days. After pre-treatment, acute hepatic injury was induced in all dogs with a single-dose intraperitoneal injection of CCh. General condition and survival time were recorded. The biochemical and hematological indexes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase/ alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), serum total bUirubin (TBIL), prothrombin time (PT), blood ammonia (AMMO), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured after CCh injection. Hepatic pathological changes were also observed.RESULTS: Compared to the other four groups, the changes of group O3 + YC dogs' general conditions (motoricity, mental state, eating, urination and defecation) could be better controlled. In group O3 + YC the survival rates were higher (P 〈 0.05 vs group control). AST/ALT values were kept within a normal level in group O3 + YC. Hepatic histopathology showed that hepatic injury in group O3 + YC was less serious than those in the other four groups.CONCLUSION: Medical ozone combined with TCM YC could exert a protective effect on acute liver injury induced by CCI4,
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No. 300358
文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a Chinese medicine, Yi-gan-kang granule (granules for benefiting the liver), in prophylaxis and treatment of liver fibrosis in rats and its possible mechanism. METHODS: One hundred and forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups (20 each): group 1, blank control group without any interference during the study; group 2, CCI4-induced liver fibrosis group; group 3, pig serum-induced liver fibrosis group; group 4, prophylaxis group of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by Yi-gan-kang; group 5, prophylaxis group of pig serum-induced liver fibrosis by Yi-gan-kang; group 6, treatment group of CCI4-induced liver fibrosis by Yi-gan-kang; group 7, treatment group of CCI4-induced liver fibrosis by Yi-gan-kang. At wk 6,10,14 and 20 (baseline for CCl4., or big serum induction), five rats in each group were anesthetized and their livers were removed for pathological studies including immunohistochemical studies for α-SMA, type I collagen and In situ hybridization of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TTMP-1) mRNA of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Anti-lipid peroxidation in isolated mitochondria and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay for proliferation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-medicated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL), flow cytometry and electron microscopy for apoptosis in isolated HSCs were also studied. RESULTS: The mean number of pseudolobuli at wk 10, 14 and 20 in the prophylaxis group was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.05 or 0.01). The effect of prophylaxis at wk 14 in CCI4 rats and at wk 10 in pig serum-induced rats was much better than that of treatment group (P<0.01). The thickness (in μm) of fibers both in pig serum-induced prophylaxis and in treatment groups at wk 14 and. 20 was significantly less than that in control group (P<0.05). The number of fibers both in prophylaxis and in treatment groups from wk 10 or 14 to 20 was significantly less than that in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The tissue HSC positive rates of type I collagen, α-SMA and TIMP-1 mRNA, which represented the active phenotype of HSCs in tissues, remained very high from wk 6 to the end of model making in control group. While in prophylaxis group, they were at a relatively low level. In treatment group, there was a gradual decreasing trend. Time- and dose-dependent effects of anti-lipid peroxidation on isolated mitochondria, cell proliferation and apoptosis in cultured HSCs were also observed during the study. CONCLUSION: Yi-gan-kang can effectively inhibit or inverse the course of liver fibrogenesis in CCI4- and pig serum-induced rat models.
基金Supported Dy the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No. 20032074
文摘AIM: To study the effects of magnolol and honokiol on isolated smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract and their relationship with Ca^2+, and on the gastric emptying and the intestinal propulsive activity in mice.METHODS: Routine experimental methods using isolated gastric fundus strips of rats and isolated ileum segments of guinea pigs were adopted to measure the smooth muscle tension, The effects of magnolol 10^-3, 10^-4, 10^-5 mol/L, and honokiol 10^-4, 10^-5, 10^-6 mol/L on the contractility of gastric fundus strips of rats and ileum of guinea pigs induced by acetylcholine (Ach) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was assessed respectively, The method using nuclein and pigment methylene blue was adopted to measure the gastric retention rate of nuclein and the intestinal propulsive ratio of a nutritional semi-solid meal for assessing the effect of magnolol and honokiol (0.5, 2, 20 mg/kg) on gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion.RESULTS: Magnolol and honokiol significantly inhibited the contractility of isolated gastric fundus strips of rats treated with Ach or 5-HT and isolated ileum guinea pigs treated with Ach or CaCl2, and both of them behaved as non-competitive muscarinic antagonists. Magnolol and honokiol inhibited the contraction induced by Ach in Ca^2+-free medium and extracellular Ca^2+-dependent contraction induced by Ach, Each group of magnolol and honokiol experiments significantly decreased the residual rate of nudein in the stomach and increased the intestinal propulsive ratio in mice.CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect of magnolol and honokiol on contractility of the smooth muscles of isolated gastric fundus strips of rats and isolated ileum of guinea pigs is associated with a calcium-antagonistic effect. Magnolol and honokiol can improve the gastric emptying of a semi-solid meal and intestinal propulsive activity in mice.
文摘To study the clinical effects of Da Ding Feng Zhu (大定风珠) Decoction on liver fibrosis. 56 patients withliver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B were randomly divided into a treatment group (30 cases treatedwith Da Ding Feng Zhu Decoction) and a control group (26 cases treated with colchicine). The serumlevels of hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen Ⅲ (PC-Ⅲ), Ⅳ collagen (Ⅳ-C) and Laminin (LN) of thepatients were determined, compared and analyzed before treatment and after 3-month treatment in the twogroups. The results showed that in the treatment group, the levels of HA, PC-Ⅲ, Ⅳ-C and LN after3-month treatment were significantly lowered as compared to that before treatment (P<0.01). In thecontrol group, only the HA level was obviously lowered (P<0.05). There was an significant difference(P<0.05) in PC-Ⅲ and Ⅳ-C and a very significant difference (P<0.01) in HA after treatment between thetwo groups. It is therefore concluded that Da Ding Feng Zhu Decoction can lower serum indexes of liverfibrosis.
基金Supported by Shanghai Rising-Star program, No. 03QMH1410
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of Qinggan Huoxuefang (QGHXF) on improvement of liver function and pathology in rats, and to analyze the mechanism. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into three groups at random: normal control group (12), micro-amount carbon tetrachlodde group (CCh)(12) and model group A (60). The model group A was ingested with the mixture (500 mL/L alcohol, 8 mL/kg per day; corn oil, 2 mL/kg per day; pyrazole, 24 mg/kg per day) once a day and intraperitoneal injections of 0.25 mL/kg of a 250 mL/L solution of CCh in olive oil twice a week for 12 wk. The CCh group received intraperitoneal injections only. At the end of 8 wk the model group A (60) was divided into 5 subgroups: model group, Xiaochaihu Chongji (XCH) group, QGHXF high dose group, moderate dose group and low dose group, and were given the drugs respectively. At the end of 12 wk, all the rats were killed and blood samples collected, as well as liver tissue. Blood samples were used for evaluation of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (y-GT). Liver specimens were obtained for routine HE, apoptosis gene array and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: A liver fibrosis animal model was successfully established. Fibrosis was obviously reduced in QGHXF high dose group, and no fibrosis formed in CCh group. Compared with model group the QGHXF group and XCH group could obviously decrease the level of ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT (P〈0.05). QGHXF high dose group was better than XCH group in ALT (615± 190 vs 867± 115),and AST(1972 ± 366 vs 2777 ± 608). Moreover, QGHXF could reduce liver inflammation, fibrosis-induced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) apoptosis and regulate apoptosis gene expression. The HSC apoptosis rates of QGHXF groups were 22.4±3.13, 13.79±2.26 and 10.07± 1.14, higher than model group, 6.58±1.04 (P〈 0.05). Compared to model group, 39 genes were up-regulated, 11 solely expressed and 17 down-regulated in high dose group. CONCLUSION: QGHXF can improve liver fibrosis and induce HSC apoptosis.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81373702)
文摘For digitalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),research is being conducted on objectivization of diagnosis and treatment,mathematical models of TCM theories,and application of modern information technology to digitize the vast amounts of existing information.However,the author believes that TCM practitioners should first conduct a systematic and comprehensive refined analysis on the knowledge of TCM and unify data elements used in computer intelligence to avoid ambiguity.Thus,we must overcome the epistemological constraints and carefully analyze the relationship among data elements to achieve systematic results and administer TCM appropriately.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (No.2005CB523501)
文摘The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ConstitutionClassification and the Constitutions in Chinese MedicineQuestionnaire (CCMQ) are based on nearly 30 years' researchon physique structure,physiological functions,psychologicalcharacteristics and reactive states.Epidemiology,immunology,molecular biology,genetics,mathematical statistics and multicrosseddisciplines were applied and many arguments were putforward by TCM experts,epidemiological specialists and constitutionexperts to establish the standardization tool Classificationand Diagnosis Standards for the Constitutions of TCM.At thesame time,basic research on constitution classification wasconducted to supply the objective basis of the classification standards.The Standards were used to conduct 21,948 cases ofepidemiological investigation on a national scale and showedgreat applicability,practicability and maneuverability.TheStandards were applied abroad in the medical services of TCMand were also an effective tool in the development of preventivetreatment of diseases by TCM.
文摘Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with chemotherapy inthe treatment of primary liver cancer on the basis of meta-analysis software. Method: Retrieval randomizedcontrolled trials (RCT) of TCM combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of the liver cancer from the networkdatabase (such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBMED, Chinese CNKI database, Wanfang database, VIP databaseetc.). The retrieval period was from January 2011 to July 2017. Results: A total of 16 RCT studies were includedand involving 1873 patients, with 949 patients in the treatment (TCM with chemotherapy) group and 924 patientsin the control group (chemotherapy alone). Meta-analysis results suggest that TCM combined with chemotherapyin the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma can improve curative effect, improve the degree of ascites ofpatients, improve the quality of life of patients and alleviate chemotherapy side effects. Conclusion: TCMcombined with chemotherapy in the treatment of primary liver cancer is helpful to improve the short term curativeeffect, improve the quality of life of patients, and alleviate the toxic and side effects.
文摘With the clinical application of various chemotherapeutic drugs,the side effects are also followed.Diarrhea is one of the most serious side effects of chemotherapy.A large number of clinical and experimental studies have proven that traditional Chinese medicine has great prospects in relieving chemotherapy-related diarrhea.The article mainly discusses the mechanism of chemotherapy-related diarrhea and the prospect of traditional Chinese medicine in relieving the mechanism of chemotherapy-related diarrhea.
文摘In order to observe the therapeutic effects of Huatan Yigan Decoction (化痰益肝汤 Decoction for resolving phlegm and replenishing the liver) on antidiabetic-induced hepatopathy, 129 cases were divided into two groups, 72 cases in the treatment group were administrated with Huatan Yigan Decoction and 57 cases in the control group with the liver-protecting drugs. Their liver function, plasma prothrombin time (PT), blood urea nitrogen and symptoms of the patients before and after treatment were observed during the three therapeutic courses. Results: The total effective rate and cured rate of the treatment group manifested an obvious difference in comparison with those of the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Even though the liver function, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and symptoms in both groups were improved markedly, these indicators in the treatment group were improved more markedly than those in control group (P<0.01). No adverse effect was found during the treatment. Conclusion: Huatan Yigan Decoction shows a repair action on hepatic injury.
文摘With Xiao Jianzhong Tang (小建中汤), the author has successfully treated 80 cases of peptic ulcer. The therapeutic effects obtained were compared with that of the Western medicine. A report follows.
文摘The broad and profound Chinese medicine culture is an important part of Chinese traditional culture, which nourishes the vigorous development of modern Chinese medicine. At present, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) culture faces challenges and opportunities. As the inheritor of Chinese medicine culture, we bear the burden of inheriting and carrying forward TCM culture. Distinctive community culture is mainly playing value guidance and education transmission function in the process of residents identifying with the culture of Chinese medicine. Therefore, building a distinctive community culture under the guidance of the essence of TCM can effectively inherit and develop TCM culture.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program), No. 2002AA2Z3235
文摘AIM: To study the effects of total glucosides of peony (TGP) on immunological hepatic fibrosis induced by human albumin in rats.METHODS: Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into: Normal group, model group, TGP (60 and 120 mg/kg) treatment groups and colchicines (0.1 mg/kg) treatment group. On the day before the rats were killed, those in TGP or colchicine groups received TGP or colchicine as above from the first day of tail vein injection of human albumin. The rats in normal and model groups were only administered with the same volume of vehicle. At the end of the 16th wk, rats in each group were killed. Blood and tissue specimens were taken. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), nitric oxide (NO), content of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), were measured by biochemical methods. Serum procollagen type Ⅲ (PC Ⅲ) and laminin (LN) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Liver collagen level was determined by measuring hydroxyproline content in fresh liver samples. Hepatic tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined under a light microscope.RESULTS: Histological results showed that TGP improved the human albumin-induced alterations in the liver structure, alleviated lobular necrosis and significantly lowered collagen content. The antifibrotic effect of TGP was also confirmed by decreased serum content of LN and PCⅢ in TGP-treated group. Moreover, the treatment with TGP effectively reduced the hydroxyproline contentin liver homogenates. However, the level of ALT and AST increased in fibrotic rat but had no significance compared with normal control, whereas the ratio of A/G decreased without significance. TGP had no effect on level of ALT, AST and the ratio of A/G. Furthermore, TGP treatment significantly blocked the increase in MDA and NO, associated with a partial elevation in liver total antioxidant capacity including SOD and GSH-px.CONCLUSION: TGP has beneficial effects on hepaticfibrosis in rats by inhibition of collagen synthesis and decreasing oxidative stress.
文摘Ethnomedicine is an important component of ethnic culture, and a part of traditional medicine in China. We undertook great considerations and in-depth investigations of Dai Medicine, as well as analyses of its basic concepts, current situations, and interrelations with Traditional Chinese Medicine. The issues regarding Dai Medicine's heritage and development are also discussed.
文摘The effects of Chinese medicines on micro-circulation and blood flow velocity in arteries of the lower limbs were observed in 33 patients with arteriosclerotic obliteration(ASO).The results showed that the integral values of micro-circulation after treatment were obviously higher than those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Blood flow velocity in arteries of the lower limbs determined with the color Doppler ultrasound detecting method after treatment were also obviously higher than those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01).In tbis series of 33 ASO patients,the markedly effective rate was 36.36%,and the total effective rate was 63.64%.The observation indicates that the recipe prescribed according to the principle of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation can effectively improve micro-circulation in ASO patients,and accelerate blood flow in arteries of the lower limbs.