金银花新品种“华金6号”药材品质比较研究

目的:对金银花新品种"华金6号"药材品质进行综合评价,为其推广应用提供依据。方法:以"华金2号"为对照,观察比较"华金6号"药材的外观性状与显微特征;以普通品种"大毛花"、"华金2号"、"九丰1号"为对照,利用HPLC法测定"华金6号"中12种活性成分含量,并用单因素方差分析、主成分分析等分析数据。结果:与"华金2号"药材相比,"华金6号"药材颜色偏黄白色,花蕾较大;"华金6号"药材中马钱酸与木犀草苷含量显著高于其他品种,不同品种综合因子得分的排序为"华金6号">"华金2号">"九丰1号">"大毛花"。结论:"华金6号"金银花不仅可大幅度降低采摘成本,而且药材品质佳,本研究可为其进一步开发利用提供理论依据。

“三华”油茶果实生长发育特征研究

油茶是以收获果实为主要目标的经济树种,其果实的采摘时间影响其出油率及茶油品质,因此,研究油茶果实的生长发育特征,在油茶生产上具有重要意义。本研究以“华金”“华鑫”“华硕”油茶的果实为试验材料,分析其生长发育特征。结果表明:3个品种油茶果实的纵径和横径在果实发育前期(7—9月)均有不同程度的持续增大,其中“华硕”和“华鑫”油茶果实的纵径和横径在果实发育后期(9月21日以后)的增大幅度均变小,“华金”油茶果实的纵径和横径在果实发育后期(10月3日以后)的增大幅度变大。果实发育成熟(10月30日)时的鲜果质量表现为“华硕”的>“华金”的>“华鑫”的,“华硕”的与其他2个品种的差异显著,“华金”的与“华鑫”的差异不显著;干籽质量表现为“华金”的>“华鑫”的>“华硕”的。干籽质量与果实的发育时间、鲜果质量、果皮鲜质量、果皮干质量、鲜籽质量、鲜籽出干籽率、果实纵径、果实横径等均呈极显著正相关关系,鲜果质量与果实的发育时间、果皮厚度、果皮鲜质量、果皮干质量、鲜籽质量、干籽质量、鲜出籽率、鲜籽出干籽率、果实纵径、果实横径等均呈极显著正相关关系。

Effect of ABA and Biological Bacterial Agents on the Fruit Quality of Jinhua Large and White Peach

[Objective] The aim was to screen the foliar fertilizer and growth regulators to improve the quality of Jinhua Large and White Peach. [Method] The effects of seven foliar fertilizer and growth regulators on the major economic traits of Jinhua Large and White Peach were studied. [Result] After timely spraying of S-ABA and Fushizhuang in young fruit stage,the major economic traits of Large and White Peach including fruit weight and soluble solids content were significantly higher than that of the control,and significantly better than other treatments. In addition,Huoqing spraying treatment could obviously improve the quality of Large and White Peach. [Conclusion] Shifuzhuang,S-ABA and Huoqing spraying could significantly improve the quality of Jinhua Large and White Peach,which were suitable to be disseminated and applied in production.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RESIDENTS′ PERCEPTION OF TOURISM IMPACT AT TOURIST PLACES——A Case Study of Xidi, Zhouzhuang and Jiuhua Mountain

Based on the questionnaire investigation, the authors make a comparative study on local residents′ perception of tourism impacts in Xidi, Zhouzhuang and Jiuhua Mountain. The result shows that residents of the three places tend to have strong and consistent perception of its positive economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts, but distinctly diverse ones of its negative impacts. Residents in Xidi and Zhouzhuang also have noticeable perception of its negative environmental impacts while those in Jiuhua Mountain have weaker perception of them. The research confirms the fact that residents are more liable to have positive perceptions at the early stage of the life cycle of the tourist places. The authors conclude that there exists a nonlinear relationship between residents′ perception and tourism development stages, and that tourism socio-cultural impact may appear at an early stage of tourism development instead of being no universal.

Dependencies between price duration, volatility, volume and return on the Warsaw Stock Exchange

The successive changes of asset prices are the most visible manifestation of financial markets dynamics. There exist different views about factors generating these changes, but many researchers and practitioners agree that the most important among them is the impact of information flow. According to the market microstructure theories, it depends mainly on the behavior of informed and uniformed traders. In the paper, we investigate dependencies between the possible proxies of information process： price duration and corresponding to it volume change and return. Our main objective is to answer the question about the most important factor in the process of discovering information by uniformed traders. We apply a set of models for volatility, volume and duration data. Our analysis is performed for selected equities listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and uses tick-by-tick data. The obtained results show that the stock liquidity on this leading stock market in Central and Eastern Europe is the most important factor influencing the process of discovering information by uninformed traders.

Braised Ham in Honey Sauce

This enchanting delicacy made from world-renowned Jinhua Ham is a traditional dish in southeastern Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.The story of its conception dates back to the year 1127 when the Jurchen troops invaded and overturned the Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127).Zhao Gou,younger brother of the last Northern Song emperor,established the Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279),and declared Shangqiu,Henan Province,the new capital.

The Emergence of Modern Physics Research in China:The Yenching Department of Physics and the Rockefeller Foundation

Based on archival materials discovered in America,Britain,and China,this paper carefully examines the history of the short-lived and completely overlooked Department of Physics in the Premedical School of Peking Union Medical College(PUMC),and uncovers this department’s extensive interconnections with its counterpart at Yenching University.This project also looks into the Master of Science(MS)program in the Department of Physics at Yenching University,which,founded in 1927,was the first graduate program in physics in China.It was this MS program that transformed the Yenching Department from a largely premedical training center serving the PUMC into a prominent cradle of Chinese physics research.This Yenching Department,despite its small faculty and brief existence,nurtured many eminent Chinese physicists,such as Chao-Ying Meng孟昭英,Wen-Yu Chang张文裕,Ming-Chen Wang王明贞,Chia-Liu Luke Yuan袁家骝,Cheng-Shu Wang(Chang)王承书,Ho-Fu Lu卢鹤绂,Ting-Sui Ke葛庭燧,Kun Huang黄昆,and Chia-Lin Hsieh谢家麟.It would have been impossible to achieve these outstanding accomplishments without the effective leadership and pioneering work of C.H.Corbett,P.A.Anderson,Y.M.Hsieh,and W.Band—the first four Department Chairs—in combination with relatively abundant private funding,mostly from America,and extensive educational connections with Western institutions.This paper not only introduces in detail these four department heads and their contributions,but also discloses the unique role played by the Rockefeller Foundation via the China Medical Board and the PUMC in the development of the Yenching Department of Physics.

Anthropogenic,detritic and atmospheric soil-derived sources of lead in an alpine poor fen in northeast China

Ombrotrophic bogs are faithful archive of atmospheric metal deposition, but the potential for fens to reconstruct environmental change is often underestimated. In this study, some new data on the Pb depositional history in northeast China were provided using two ^210Pb-dated peat sequences from a poor fen in the Fenghuang Mountain of Heilongjiang province. Anthropogenic, detritic and atmospheric soil sources were discriminated using a two-step sequential digestion （weak acid leaching to liberate mobile Pb which is often regarded as anthropogenic Pb, especially for recent samples） and a ratio of unsupported ^210Pb and supported ^210Pb with the logic of that the ^214Pb mainly represents the residual detritus （constant throughout the core） and the unsupported ^210Pb arises from atmospheric fallout. A higher ^210Pb/^214Pb suggests more contributions from atmospheric deposition to the Pb content in the peat, and a ratio of 10 was defined to indicate the boundary between detrific input and atmospheric deposition. The detritic Pb was estimated to be 10-13 mg·kg^-1, the anthropogenic Pb ranged from 10-80 mg·kg^-1, and the atmospheric soil-derived Pb ranged from 〈 5 mg·kg^-1 to 30 mg·kg^-1. The history of anthropogenic Pb pollution over the last 150 years was reconstructed, and the calculated Pb deposition rate （AR Pb） ranged from 5 to 56 mg·m^-2·yr^-1. Using Ti as a reliable reference, the enrichment factor of Pb （EF Pb） relative to the upper continental crust was calculated. Both AR Pb and EF Pb increased with time, especially after the foundation of the People＇s Republic of China. This is consistent with increasing industrialization and coal burning in the last 60 years in northeast China. The present record of anthropogenic Pb deposition was consistent with the previous reports and an increasing trend of environmental pollution due to anthropogenic activities, in contrasts to Europe and North America which have experienced a major environmental cleanup. For the first time, this work estimates atmospheric Pb deposition via a minerotrophic peat core in China. This will enhance the use of peat archives for studies of environmental change.

Destruction of the North China Craton

A National Science Foundation of China （NSFC） major research project, Destruction of the North China Craton （NCC）, has been carried out in the past few years by Chinese scientists through an in-depth and systematic observations, experiments and theoretical analyses, with an emphasis on the spatio-temporal distribution of the NCC destruction, the structure of deep earth and shallow geological records of the craton evolution, the mechanism and dynamics of the craton destruction. From this work the foUowing conclusions can be drawn： （1） Significant spatial heterogeneity exists in the NCC lithospheric thickness and crustal structure, which constrains the scope of the NCC destruction. （2） The nature of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sub-continental lithospheric mantle （CLM） underneath the NCC is characterized in detail. In terms of water content, the late Mesozoic CLM was rich in water, but Cenozoic CLM was highly water deficient. （3） The correlation between magmatism and surface geological response confirms that the geological and tectonic evolution is governed by cratonic destruction processes. （4） Pacific subduction is the main dynamic factor that triggered the destruction of the NCC, which highlights the role of cratonic destruction in plate tectonics.

Decratonic gold deposits

The North China Craton(NCC) hosts numerous gold deposits and is known as the most gold-productive region of China. The gold deposits were mostly formed within a few million years in the Early Cretaceous(130–120 Ma), coeval with widespread occurrences of bimodal magmatism, rift basins and metamorphic core complexes that marked the peak of lithospheric thinning and destruction of the NCC. Stable isotope data and geological evidence indicate that ore-forming fluids and other components were largely exsolved from cooling magma and/or derived from mantle degassing during the period of lithospheric extension. Gold mineralization in the NCC contrasts strikingly with that of other cratons where gold ore-forming fluids were sourced mostly from metamorphic devolatization in compressional or transpressional regimes. In this paper, we present a summary and discussion on time-space distribution and ore genesis of gold deposits in the NCC in the context of the timing, spatial variation, and decratonic processes. Compared with orogenic gold deposits in other cratonic blocks, the Early Cretaceous gold deposits in the NCC are quite distinct in that they were deposited from magma-derived fluids under extensional settings and associated closely with destruction of cratonic lithosphere. We argue that Early Cretaceous gold deposits in the NCC cannot be classified as orogenic gold deposits as previously suggested, rather, they are a new type of gold deposits, termed as "decratonic gold deposits" in this study. The westward subduction of the paleo-West Pacific plate(the Izanagi plate) beneath the eastern China continent gave rise to an optimal tectonic setting for large-scale gold mineralization in the Early Cretaceous. Dehydration of the subducted and stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone led to continuous hydration and considerable metasomatism of the mantle wedge beneath the NCC. As a consequence, the refractory mantle became oxidized and highly enriched in large ion lithophile elements and chalcophile elements(e.g., Cu, Au, Ag and Te). Partial melting of such a mantle would have produced voluminous hydrous, Au- and S-bearing basaltic magma, which, together with crust-derived melts induced by underplating of basaltic magma, served as an important source for ore-forming fluids. It is suggested that the Eocene Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada, occurring geologically in the deformed western margin of the North America Craton, are comparable with the Early Cretaceous gold deposits of the NCC because they share similar tectonic settings and auriferous fluids. The NCC gold deposits are characterized by gold-bearing quartz veins in the Archean amphibolite facies rocks, whereas the Nevada gold deposits are featured by fine-grained sulfide dissemination in Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks. Their main differences in gold mineralization are the different host rocks, ore-controlling structures, and ore-forming depth. The similar tectonic setting and ore-forming fluid source, however, indicate that the Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada are actually analogous to decratonic gold deposits in the NCC. Gold deposits in both the NCC and Nevada were formed in a relatively short time interval(<10 Myr) and become progressively younger toward the subduction zone. Younging of gold mineralization toward subduction zone might have been attributed to retreat of subduction zone and rollback of subducted slab. According to the ages of gold deposits on inland and marginal zones, the retreat rates of the Izanagi plate in the western Pacific in the Early Cretaceous and the Farallon plate of the eastern Pacific in the Eocene are estimated at 8.8 cm/yr and 3.3 cm/yr, respectively.