Analysis of Spillover Effect in Cooperative Knowledge Innovation

The paper supposes knowledge innovation as process innovation, revises AJ model and makes Oligopolistic Markets Model of two stages. It compares profit and social welfare between firms in the condition of cooperation and non-cooperation. It draws the conclusion that cooperative knowledge innovation can get much more benefit because of spillover effect of knowledge.

rmhTNF-α Combined with Cisplatin Inhibits Proliferation of A549 Cell Line In Vitro

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor-α(rmhTNF-α) in combination with cisplatin on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was treated with varying concentrations of rmhTNF-α(0.38, 0.75, 1.50, 6.00 and 12.00 IU/ml) or cisplatin(3.91, 7.81, 15.63, 31.25 and 62.50 μg/ml) for 24 hours. Viable cell number was analyzed by using crystal violet staining. The inhibitory rates of A549 cells growth by the two drugs were calculated. For analyzing whether there was a synergistic effect of rmhTNF-α with cisplatin, A549 cells were treated with 0.75 IU/ml rmhTNF-α and increased concentrations of cisplatin. Results rmhTNF-α or cisplatin inhibited the growth of A549 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of rmhTNF-α combined with cisplatin was significantly greater than cisplatin alone at the same concentration(all P<0.01). Conclusion rmhTNF-α combined with cisplatin might have synergistic inhibitory effect on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549.

Experiential Learning with Internal Audit Service Projects： Students＇ Perceptions

Students are very familiar with their own universities and also are interested in improving their alma maters. The purpose of this research is to share insights about a project that can be used for both traditional Auditing courses and the Internal Auditing course. The project requires that students ＂audit＂ certain elements of the universities＇ non-confidential finances as well as perform operational and compliance techniques. The project creates synergy for experiential learning and improvement of university operations. Examples of educational issues that were improved with the operational audits are： （1） better information posted for office hours and class times; （2） better scripting for professors＇ and staff＇s voicemail messages; and （3） campus safety improvements. The students also seemed more enthusiastic about auditing and happy to contribute to the excellence of their university.

Research progress on synergistic anti-tumor mechanisms of compounds inTraditional Chinese Medicine

The curative effects of Chinese herbal compounds result from the coordination of numerous natural compounds.We aimed to review the mechanism of action of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)compounds(TCMC),explore the rationality of formulation theory and synergistic effects in TCM compounds,and analyze the effectiveness of drug compatibility of TCMC in molecular biology.This literature review covers the mechanisms of the anti-tumor effects of compounds,and their synergistic antitumor mechanisms.We aim to provide reference for the effective development and use of natural resources and the organic combination of TCM and modern medicine using molecular biology.

Synergetic Effect of Yihuo Qingyi Decoction (益活凊胰汤) and Recombinant Staphylokinase in Treatment of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Rats

Objective: To investigate the effect of recombinant staphylokinase (r-Sak) and the Chinese medicine Yihuo Qingyi Decoction (益活凊胰汤 Herbal decoction for severe acute pancreatitis) in the treatment of the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats, and to observe the synergistic effect of the two. Methods: One hundred and sixty-two adult male SD rats with the body mass of 250–280 g were randomly divided into the following 5 groups: sham operation group (n=18), control group (n=36), Yihuo Qingyi Decoction treatment group (n=36), r-Sak treatment group (n=36), and Yihuo Qingyi Decoction plus r-Sak treatment group (n=36). The SAP ratmodel was prepared by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the cholangiopancreatic duct. Two days before modeling, Yihuo Qingyi Decoction was intragastrically administrated, and r-Sak was intraperitoneally injected. The survival rate within 18 h after modeling was determined. The pancreatic blood flow, the weight of ascites, and the serum amylase and lipase were investigated at 6 h, 12 h, and 18kh after modeling, and the pancreatic tissue was examined under light microscopy to see its pathological change. Results: The 18 h survival count of group A,B,C,D and E rats was 9,2,6,7 and 8 respectively. After r-Sak and Yihuo Qingyi Decoction intervention, the serum amylase and lipase and the weight of ascites were significantly decreased, especially in group E.18 h after modeling, the level of the serum amylase and lipase and the weight of ascites in group E was 1 100±118 U·L-1,1 000±150 U·L-1 and 13.40±1.80 g respectively, obviously lower than that of group B (P<0.05).After SAP was induced, the pancreatic blood flow showed a tendency to decrease, but the decrease extent in the treatment groups was smaller than that in the control group.18h after modeling, the pancreatic blood flow in group B and group E was 30.16±8.96 mL·100 g-1·min-1,and 129.10±42.58 mL·100 g-1·min-1 respectively, there was significant difference (P<0.05). The pathological change of the pancreatic tissue was alleviated in the treatment groups. Conclusion: Both r-Sak and Yihuo Qingyi Decoction play a beneficial role in the treatment of rat SAP and there is a synergistic effect between the two.

Synergistic Performance Management System and Its Associated Structural Model

Aiming at the widespread issues of synergistic performance management, a conceptual model of synergistic performance management system is built. The order parameter of system synergy and the main factors, as well as the degree of synergy and the concept of synergistic effect are proposed. An associated structural model of synergistic performance management system is established based on the method of structural equation modeling.

Design,synthesis,and biological evaluation of novel benzimidazole derivatives and their interaction with calf thymus DNA and synergistic effects with clinical drugs

A series of new benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized and characterized by IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS,and HRMS spectra.All the new compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities in vitro by a twofold serial dilution technique.The bioactive evaluation showed that 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl benzimidazoles were comparably or even more strongly antibacterial and antifungal than the reference drugs Chloromycin,Norfloxacin,and Fluconazole.The combination of2,4-difluorobenzyl benzimidazole derivative 5l and its hydrochloride 7 respectively with the antibacterials Chloromycin,Norfloxacin,and the antifungal Fluconazole was more sensitive to methicillin-resistant MRSA and Fluconazole-insensitive A.flavus.In addition,the interaction of compound 5l with calf thymus DNA demonstrated that this compound could effectively intercalate into DNA to form a compound 5l-DNA complex that might block DNA replication and thereby exert good antimicrobial activity.