对《劳动合同法》立法宗旨的认识

《劳动合同法》从立法之初,其立法宗旨就引发了社会各界的激烈争论,主要集中在立法根据以及"单保护"还是"双保护"等问题上。应从倾斜保护的角度认识《劳动合同法》的立法宗旨,即《劳动合同法》既不是"单保护",也不是"双保护",而是在保护劳动者权益的同时,兼顾保护了用人单位的利益。

劳动合同法是“废”还是“改”?——当前经济背景下劳动法领域的若干问题思考

围绕《劳动合同法》的存废争论,不同学科提出了不同看法。现代劳动法是在资本自由发展引出"劳资冲突"的背景下,纠正传统民商法中资本决定一切的机制的产物。劳动法的产生根源是社会化大生产大量产生的从属性劳动实际地位决定的。中西方劳动法产生的背景不一样,其任务基本相同。劳动法解决劳资冲突需要付出包括经济成本等必要的社会代价。实现劳动法目的既要保护劳动者,也要理性评估劳动关系,力争劳动关系和谐。完善劳动法,不应质疑劳动法立法共识,而是要紧扣立法目的完善它。强调保护劳动者权益,不一定只是强化公法规范,应注意利用私法工具,比如劳动合同集体合同等。不研究法律本身,却全盘否定劳动法,是利益驱使形成的偏见。

Effects of High Temperature on Activities of Some Protective Enzymes in Mononychellus tanajoa

[Objective] Mononychellus tanajoa is a mite speices recently invaded into China in 2008. Temperature is one of the most important ecological factors affecting the growth and reproduction of M. tanajoa. The objective of the current study was to reveal the effects of high temperature incubation on the activities of some protective enzymes in M. tanajoa at different growth stages. The results would contribute to the understanding of the adaptable distribution of M. tanajoa after its invasion into China, the mechanisms in its invasion, diffusion and ecological adaptation, and the monitor- ing, early warning and effective prevention of its damage. [Method] Six protective enzymes, Le. polyphenol oxidase （PPO）, peroxidase （POD）, ascorbate oxidase （AsA- POD）, catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and esterase （EST）, were cho- sen to study their activities after the mites at different growth stages were incubated at a extremely high temperature of 42 ~C for a certain period of time up to 24 h. The activities were measured by spectrophotometric endpoint assay method. [Results] Enzyme activities in M. tanajoa were affected by the high temperature incubation. However, differences in enzyme activity changes were found among different protec- tive enzymes and among different growth stages of M. tanajoa. Activities of PPO, POD, AsA-POD and CAT were significantly increased in the larval mites and female adult mites of M. tanajoa. CAT activity was significantly decreased in protonymph and deutonymph of M. tanajoa. Activities of PPO, POD and AsA-POD in protonymph and deutonymph showed no obvious difference from the control. [Conclusion] The activity changes of some protective enzymes in M. tanajoa following high-temperature treatment are part of its anti-stress reaction mechanism. In mite protonymph and deutonymph, activities of PPO, POD and AsA-POD are similar to the untreated con- trol which may be associated with the thermostability of M. tanajoa. It is concluded that, the long-time stress of extreme temperature may result in the increase of the thermostability of mite individuals, the enhancement of the population thermal stability and subsequently lead to rapid expansion of the population.

Acute pancreatitis in aging animals:Loss of pancreatitis-associated protein protection?

AIM:To investigate the effect of age on severity of acute pancreatitis(AP) using biochemical markers,histology and expression of the protective pancreatitisassociated proteins(PAPs).METHODS:AP was induced via intraductal injection of 4% sodium taurocholate in young and old rats.Sera and pancreata were assayed at 24 h for the parameters listed above;we also employed a novel molecular technique to assess bacterial infiltration using polymerase chain reaction to measure bacterial genomic ribosomal RNA.RESULTS:At 24 h after induction of AP,the pancreata of older animals had less edema(mean ± SE histologic score of young vs old:3.11 ± 0.16 vs 2.50 ±-0.11,P < 0.05),decreased local inflammatory response(histologic score of stromal infiltrate:3.11 ± 0.27 vs 2.00 ± 0.17,P < 0.05) and increased bacterial infiltration(174% ± 52% increase from sham vs 377% ± 4%,P < 0.05).A decreased expression of PAP1 and PAP2 was demonstrated by Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemical staining.There were no differences in serum amylase and lipase activity,or tissue myeloperoxidase or monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels.However,in the most-aged group,serum C-reactive protein levels were higher(young vs old:0.249 ± 0.04 mg/dL vs 2.45 ± 0.68 mg/dL,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:In older animals,there is depressed PAP expression related to a blunted inflammatory response in AP which is associated with worsened bacterial infiltration and higher C-reactive protein level;this may explain the more aggressive clinical course.

Distribution characteristics of China's key cultural relic tourism resources and suggestions to its development and protection

SPSS13.0 was used to process the data of the 1-6 batch of key cultural relic conservation units promulgated by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of China;and multi-element evaluation method was used to calculate the composite distribution index.The spatial distribution of cultural relics of provinces in China can be divided into four grades,namely:very rich areas,rich areas,poor areas and very poor areas;the article analyzes the characteristics of cultural resources in spatial and temporal distribution.The paper holds that(1)the distribution of China's cultural relic tourism resources is relatively concentrated,different sharply from region to region,with more Han nation's heritage,less relics of the ethnic minorities;(2) Henan,Hebei,Shaanxi,Shanxi Province are the main regions with heavy distribution of cultural resources;(3) relics appeared in specific time periods in China's history.Ming and Qing Dynasties,Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties,Song,Liao and Jin,the Western Han,Shang and Zhou dynasties,the New Stone Age are the major periods producing more cultural relics.This paper also analyzes relationships of the emergence of cultural relics with production technology,specific historical process,specific geographical location,political system,religion,national culture,customs,architectural styles and techniques of the traditional cultural educational system.Finally,the paper discusses the development and protection of heritage.

Agmatine induces gastric protection against ischemic injury by reducing vascular permeability in rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of administration of agmatine(AGM) on gastric protection against ischemia reperfusion(I/R) injury.METHODS:Three groups of rats(6/group);sham,gastric I/R injury,and gastric I/R + AGM(100 mg/kg,i.p.given 15 min prior to gastric ischemia) were recruited.Gastric injury was conducted by ligating celiac artery for 30 min and reperfusion for another 30 min.Gastric tissues were histologically studied and immunostained with angiopoietin 1(Ang-1) and Ang-2.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) were measured in gastric tissue homogenate.To assess whether AKt/phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase(PI3K) mediated the effect of AGM,an additional group was pretreated with Wortmannin(WM)(inhibitor of Akt/PI3K,15 μg/kg,i.p.),prior to ischemic injury and AGM treatment,and examined histologically and immunostained.Another set of experiments was run to study vascular permeability of the stomach using Evan's blue dye.RESULTS:AGM markedly reduced Evan's blue dye extravasation(3.58 ± 0.975 μg/stomach vs 1.175 ± 0.374 μg/stomach,P < 0.05),VEGF(36.87 ± 2.71 pg/100 mg protein vs 48.4 ± 6.53 pg/100 mg protein,P < 0.05) and MCP-1 tissue level(29.5 ± 7 pg/100 mg protein vs 41.17 ± 10.4 pg/100 mg protein,P < 0.01).It preserved gastric histology and reduced congestion.Ang-1 and Ang-2 immunostaining were reduced in stomach sections of AGM-treated animals.The administration of WM abolished the protective effects of AGM and extensive hemorrhage and ulcerations were seen.CONCLUSION:AGM protects the stomach against I/R injury by reducing vascular permeability and inflammation.This protection is possibly mediated by Akt/PI3K.

扁袋除尘器在木工车间通风除尘中的应用

介绍了模块式扁袋除尘器的工作原理及技术特点。通过某木工制造厂木工车间通风除尘工程应用实践,证明该除尘器能满足木工车间通风除尘、劳动保护和环境保护的需要,并能取得良好的治理效果。

The Origin and Vision of National Cultural Park Management Policy in China

Research on the evolution of cultural policy is the key in the field of public policy study,and it is also an important means to solve the problems that have emerged in cultural heritage management.The National Cultural Park is an innovative cultural heritage protection system proposed by Chinese leaders within the context of national rejuvenation and building a culturally-strong country campaign.From the perspective of system evolution theory,this paper systematically sorts out the ideas behind international heritage management and the evolutionary process of the Cultural Relics Protection Unit system,in an effort to explore the origin,innovation and vision of the National Cultural Park System.A review of the international heritage documents revealed that the principle of heritage protection has developed from“authenticity”to“integrity”,and the focus of the protection object has also changed from“monism”to“diversity”,which provided a theoretical background for the burgeoning National Cultural Park.The Cultural Relics Protection Unit system has been promoted as the most crucial cultural heritage management system in China.Therefore,this study sheds light on the evolution and limitations of the system that lays a practical foundation for the National Cultural Park System.There have been three stages in the history of China’s National Cultural Relics Protection Unit,namely,the creation of the system(1956–1965),the survival crisis of the system(1966–1977),and the rebirth and development of the system(1978 to the present),in which the main driving concepts of China's cultural heritage management have been sequentially elucidated as simple protectionism,tolerant conservatism and comprehensive developmentalism,respectively.Since the establishment of China’s Cultural Relics Protection Unit system,tremendous progress has been made not only in the enlightenment of the public’s mindset and but also in the development of system and culture.However,the changes in the institutional environment gradually exposed its limitations regarding cultural relic management and value expression.The National Cultural Park System is the fruit created by the internal contradictions of the cultural heritage system itself and the evolution of heritage theory.Its biggest innovation lies in the two core connotations of“integrated protection”and“integrated development”.In the future,as the National Cultural Park management system matures,a Chinese cultural heritage management system will take shape in which the National Cultural Parks become dominant and various cultural resources are utilized.Finally,the National Cultural Park will become a symbol of Chinese culture and will be internalized into the common belief system of the Chinese nation.

Central monoaminergic systems are a site of convergence of signals conveying the experience of exercise to brain circuits involved in cognition and emotional behavior

Physical activity can enhance cognitive function and increase resistance against deleterious effects of stress on mental health. Enhanced cognitive function and stress resistance produced by exercise are conserved among vertebrates, suggesting that ubiquitous mechanisms may underlie beneficial ef- fects of exercise. In the current review, we summarize the beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive function and stress resistance and discuss central and peripheral signaling factors that may be critical for conferring the effects of physical activity to brain circuits involved in cognitive function and stress. Additionally, it is suggested that norepinephrine and serotonin, highly conserved monoamines that are sensitive to exercise and able to modulate behavior in multiple species, could represent a conver- gence between peripheral and central exercise signals that mediate the beneficial effects of exercise. Finally, we offer the novel hypothesis that thermoregulation during exercise could contribute to the emotional effects of exercise by activating a subset of temperature-sensitive serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus that convey anxiolytic and stress-protective signals to forebrain regions. Throughout the review, we discuss limitations to current approaches and offer strategies for future re- search in exercise neuroscience.

TWO-VALUED RESPONSE TECHNIQUE OF POLYCHOTOMOUS SENSITIVE QUESTION

The randomized response （RR） technique is an effective survey method when collecting sensitive information. This paper proposes a new non-randomized response model for survey sampling with polychotomous sensitive questions： Two-valued response technique. The proportion of the sensitive attribute and its estimator＇s variance are estimated under the simple random sampling without replacement and with replacement designs. The relation between the efficiency and the protection of privacy is discussed. The result indicates that the efficiency is in conflict with protection of privacy in the new proposed model, which is the same as that in the RR technique, but the new technique has better characteristics in sociological practice aspects than the RR technique, because it is of low cost, saving time and being operated easily.