“南北极”:穆时英小说的两种风格

穆时英的普罗小说和新感觉小说“自身形成了一个南北极” :前者以纯熟的口语、粗犷的笔调表现贫富的对立 ,后者以感觉化的取向展示都市生活的病态与畸形。“南北极”形成的原因在于 :刘呐鸥及其译作《色情文化》的影响 ,时代氛围与穆时英的自由知识分子立场 ,穆时英独特的身世、二重人格以及其确定信仰的缺失。

我们家的“南北极”

我们家有两个极——南极和北极，南极是妈妈．北极是爸爸。为什么这么说呢？请听我一一道来。

探求穆时英作品《南北极》文风成因

从穆时英的"二重人格"、追逐时髦的性格特点以及热衰于技巧的"试验及锻炼"三个方面对他风格截然不同的两类作品进行解释和探讨,寻求"南北极"文风的成因。

上海建设“三个中心”与长江流域的发展(下)

(三)当代中国经济的“南北极”发展格局不利于上海龙头与长江流域腹地的一体化发展 在建国后的40多年时间中,中国经济形成了一种奇特的“南北极”现象。北极、南极本是一个地理概念,此处借喻作两个重要城市:北京与香港。在中国的整个近代化、现代化过程中,如果从纯经济的角度考察,北京这座城市本是无足轻重的。她既不是发达贸易的口岸城市,又不是有强大工业的制造业中心。至于香港,在30和40年代,其经济活动总量仅只为上海的大约六分之一。然而,一系列的历史事变恰恰使这两座城市在1949年以来的近半个世纪内成了对中国经济发展起核心带动作用的两个“发展极”。

Teleconnection between Winter Arctic Oscillation and Southeast Asian Summer Monsoon in the Pre-Industry Simulation of a Coupled Climate Model

A 600-year pre-industrial simulation with Bergen Climate Model(BCM)Version 2 is used to investigate the linkage between winter Arctic Oscillation(AO)and the Southeast Asian summer monsoon(SEASM)on the inter-decadal timescale.The results indicate an in-phase relationship between the AO and SEASM with periods of approximately 16–32 and 60–80 years.During the positive phase of winter AO,an anomalous surface anti-cyclonic atmosphere circulation appears over North Pacific in winter.The corresponding anomalies in ocean circulation and surface heat flux,particularly the latent and sensible heat flux,resemble a negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)-like sea surface temperature(SST)pattern.The AO-associated PDO-like winter SST can persist into summer and can therefore lead to inter-decadal variability of summer monsoon rainfall in East and Southeast Asia.

Changes in polar amplification in response to increasing warming in CMIP6

The climate in polar regions has experienced an obvious warming amplification due to global warming.In this study,the changes in polar amplification are analyzed in response to feedback mechanisms(including Planck,lapse rate,cloud,water vapor,albedo feedback,CO_(2) radiative forcing,ocean heat uptake,and atmospheric heat transport)under three warming scenarios in CMIP6—namely,SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5.The results show that,by quantifying the warming contribution of different feedback mechanisms to surface air temperature with the“radiative kernel”method,Arctic amplification(AA)is stronger than Antarctic amplification(ANA),mostly resulting from the lapse rate feedback,followed by the albedo and Planck feedbacks.Furthermore,ocean heat uptake causes stronger polar warming in winter than in summer.During winter,the lapse rate feedback causes a larger AA than ANA.The intermodel spread for both AA and ANA decrease with increasing strength of global warming from SSP1-2.6 to SSP5-8.5,and the dominant mechanisms are the Planck,lapse rate,albedo,and ocean heat uptake feedbacks.These findings help to enhance our understanding of polar regions’responses to different strengths of global warming.

A dipole wind curl pattern induced by Taiwan Island and its effect on upper stratification in the northeastern South China Sea

Using hydrographic data sampled during four successive late summer-early autumn cruises in 2004-2007, vertical stratification along transects in the lee of Taiwan Island was analyzed to investigate upper ocean responses to orographically induced dipole wind stress curl (WSC). Results indicate that mixed-layer depth (MLD) and its relationship with thermocline depth varied under different local wind forcings. Average MLD along the transects from the 2004 to 2007 cruises were 18.5,30.7,39.2 and 24.5m, respectively. The MLD along the transects deepened remarkably and resulted in thermocline ventilation in 2005 and 2006, whereas ventilation did not occur in 2004 and 2007. Estimates indicate that frictional wind speed was the major factor in MLD variations. To a large degree, the combined effects of frictional wind speed and Ekman pumping are responsible for the spatial pattern of MLD during the cruises.

Preliminary Study on Seismic Anisotropy in the Crust in the Northeast of Hainan

With SAM shear-wave splitting analysis,shear-wave splitting parameters at two stations of the digital seismic network in the northeast of Hainan are obtained based on the data from the Hainan Digital Seismic Network from 2000 to 2013. The results show that the predominant polarization direction of fast share-wave represents the direction of in-situ maximum principal compressive stress. The predominant polarizations of Qixingling( QXL) seismic station are in the NEE direction,which is different from the direction of principal compressive stress of the Hainan area,but same as the strikes of faults in the NE direction,which means that the local tectonics and stress fields are complicated. The predominant polarization of Qingshanling( QSL) seismic station is in the NNE-NS direction,which indicates the tectonic significance of the strikes of NNE-trending faults.At the same time,the study confirms that the predominant polarizations of the stations located on active faults or at the junctions of several active faults are parallel to the strikes of faults which control the earthquakes used in this analysis, and the predominant polarizations are scattered,which indicates the complicated background of fault structures and stress distribution.

Effect of opening the Drake Passage on the oceanic general circulation:A box model study

The impacts of opening the Drake Passage(DP) on the oceanic general circulation are examined.When the DP is open,wind stress at mid-and high latitudes gives rise to a wind-driven gyre,which induces a meridional heat exchange between mid-and high latitudes in the Southern Ocean.After the opening of the DP,the Antarctic Circumpolar Current(ACC) forms and its associated strong temperature front blocks the heat transport from mid-latitudes to high latitudes.A simple box model is formulated,in which the effects of the wind stress(for the case of DP closed) and the thermal front(for the case of DP open) on the variability of Antarctic Bottom Water(AABW) and North Atlantic Deep Water(NADW) are explored.The sensitivity experiments demonstrate that:(1) When the DP is closed,the enhancement of the wind-driven gyre leads to the decline of AABW formation in the Southern Ocean and the increase of NADW formation in the North Atlantic.As a result,water in high latitudes of the Southern Ocean becomes warmer,so does the bottom water of global ocean.(2) When the DP is open,there is no formation of AABW until the intensity of thermal front along ACC exceeds a threshold value(it is 4.03℃ in our model).Before the formation of AABW,temperature in most of the oceans is higher than that after the formation of AABW,which usually leads to the cooling of high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere and the bottom water in global ocean.When the strength of the thermal front is lower than the critical value,there is no AABW formation,and temperature in most of the oceans is slightly higher.These results demonstrate that during the opening of the DP,changes in wind stress and the formation of the thermal front in the Southern Ocean can substantially affect the formation of AABW and NADW,thus changing the state of meridional overturning circulation in the global ocean.