词坛沉寂与“南词”北进——宋初百年词坛考察

宋朝立国后的七八十年间,"士大夫乐章顿衰于前日",词坛萧条寥落,其背后体现了政治文化的取向与重南轻北格局。随着北宋大一统政权的深入运行,南方文人士大夫的政治地位逐渐提高,歌伎歌舞佐酒的社会风气日趋盛行,作为南方人的文学,词的文化生态也日渐成熟。经过近百年的涵养,至仁宗朝,汴京新声竞繁,柳永、张先、晏殊、欧阳修等词人先后由南入北,将词从南方送至北方,取得"南词"北进的重大进展,使汴京成为继西蜀成都、南唐金陵之后的词坛中心,承先启后,融合南北,开创宋词一代新风。

绍兴平湖调与四明南词唱腔关系之探

绍兴平湖调与四明南词的唱腔曲调均具有以下“一致性”表现:一、相同的“凤点头”三句体结煞段式;二、相同的字位安排与惯用的切分节奏;三、衬词起统一结构落音的作用;四、上、下腔句的落音之间构成了相对固定的音程关系;五、相同的典型乐汇;六、相同的结束式。由此可判断,绍兴平湖调与四明南词的唱腔具有同源关系。

“摊簧”名义、结构及其他

本文对“摊簧”进行了综合论述。全文分三节。第一节 ,作者申述了他择定书作“摊簧”的理由和根据 ,并阐说了他对确定事物“名”“义”问题的理解和意义。第二节 ,作者比较详细地介绍和论说了“花鼓小戏”、“唱说摊簧”、“南词”的属性、音乐结构、艺术表现和所表现 ,以及在江、浙两省流传等各方面的异同和关系 ;提出 :“花鼓小戏”系属“戏弄”一类 ,不当归入“摊簧”。在“摊簧”中 ,“南词”与“唱说摊簧”实为不同的两类。第三节 ,作者以“摊簧”为例对文艺品种的“质”

《单刀会》双调[新水令]字调腔格初探——基于语言音乐学视角的元杂剧旋律风格考辨之一

元杂剧是近古中国艺术的重要类型之一,其音乐既承续两宋遗音,又融入时代新声,在多民族多地域文化交融中流变发展,成为继唐宋诗词音乐之后我国音乐史上的又一高峰。本文在前辈学者研究基础上,以关汉卿《单刀会》双调[新水令]为例,重点关照曲牌的音韵字调组合与仄声词组腔格,力求从唱腔旋律形态方面,对元杂剧“以曲牌原型框架为音调生成基础,以特定宫调音列为音高组织规范,以仄声词组腔格为基本衍展手段,以腔词音韵谐协为总体创作追求”的旋律结构和音乐风格有更为具体的认知。本文也希望以此个案研究为契机,引发学界对“语言音乐学”历史属性的进一步关注,并由此扩大至以《九宫大成》为代表的更多南北曲音乐分析,从新材料和新方法视角不断丰富中国古代音乐史研究。

平阳闽南话中“三身代词+亲属称谓词”格式——兼谈“阮母(我们妈)”类词语的词汇化

本文首先描写平阳闽南话＂三身代词＋亲属称谓词＂格式的内部组合制约及其意义,其次重点分析＂阮我们母妈妈＂类格式词汇化的动因,最后本文指出汉语史上也曾出现代词与亲属称谓词组合词汇化现象,如＂乃尊＂与＂他乃尊＂,＂乃郎＂与＂他乃郎＂等词语,这些词语的来源和释义应在对其使用情况作全面细致的分析的基础上作出。

徐渭“本色论”在《四声猿》中的体现

“本色”的概念由来已久,明戏曲家徐渭上承前代的本色理论,将其引入戏曲批评的领域并加以发展和创新。徐渭在《南词叙录》《西厢序》《题昆仑奴杂剧后》等多种戏曲批评中推崇“本色论”,在《四声猿》杂剧中从语言、人物、曲律、体制方面很好地展现出“本色论”的具体内涵。从语言上讲,徐渭强调“俗”,即一种通俗化、生活化的自然,它的内涵要求是体现生活,流露真情;从人物上讲,徐渭要求“真”,即要求人物个性化,符合他们各自的身份、个性;从曲律、体制上讲,徐渭突破了元杂剧“四折一楔子”的固有体制,灵活运用南北曲,采用最能表现凸显人物性格、形象和剧情内容的方式,一切以“本色”为基本前提。

A worldwide bibliometric analysis of Antarctic krill research during 1960 to 2015

This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 1251 articles related to Antarctic krill from 1960 to 2015, based on the Core Collection in Thomson Reuters＇ Web of Science. We analyzed the results from four aspects： annual distribution, Web of Science categories and the major journals, inter- national collaboration and author keywords. The Antarctic krill research has developed rapidly since 1978, with an increasing article output. The studies mostly focused on the fields of marine and freshwater biology, oceanography, and ecology. Polar Biology, Marine Ecology-Progress Series and Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography, were the top three journals to publish the Antarctic krill-related papers. Although Russia is the earliest state to report Antarctic krill, U.S.A. and England were leaders with the largest output quantity and the highest cooperation frequencies. The researches in PR China have taken a blooming since 2009 and will play a more and more important role in the world. The frequencies of author keywords were counted. The high-frequency keywords were further divided into four groups with cohesive subgroup analysis, which suggested the major themes. This paper depicts the existing publica- tions on Antarctic krill. Our goal is to serve a point of reference and provide the direction for the future work.

Spanish Last Names in the Naples Periphery

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the southern part of Italy where Catalonians ruled. Great numbers of Spaniards, principally the Catalonians, headed to that country. This affected the language, and, in turn, the history of people＇s last names. At first, some of the Spanish last names were used as nicknames for Italians. The method 1 used to get the data from primary sources was from spending time in Italy for four consecutive summers and visiting towns in the Naples area while I collected surnames found on houses. The Catalonians came to rule Sardinia, and their language and subsequently Spanish were official on the island. The linguistic influence of Spanish does not stop with surnames. A list of Spanish and Basque surnames which is redolent of the history of southern Italy and Sicily is appended. The geolinguistics interest lies in the way that the study of language, both ordinary words and proper nouns, offers important clues to the lives and movements of people of ages past, reflects political and economic aspects and also explains the ethnic origin of people who live in Sicily and Italy today or are descendants of Italians who have been important immigrants in the Americas, in Australia, and indeed around the world.

南渡词人地理分布与南宋文学发展新态势

宋室南渡以后,以都城临安为中心,在当时的两浙路、江南东路、江南西路,是南渡词人最集中的地区。同时,在南方的其他地区,如岭南、荆湖等地区,也多有南渡词人的踪迹。南渡词人地理分布的特点,从一个侧面反映着南宋文学发展的新格局：即自宋室南渡以后,北宋的以开封、洛阳为文学重镇的“点”状分布格局被打破,就南中国或南宋而言,代之而起的是各地文学英才的网状分布,而南方原有的一些文学空白也逐渐被填补。南渡后这种文学生态的改变,直接或间接地影响了作为创作主体的南渡文人文化心理的变化与其词作中意象的更新。