立足办学资源的校本课程开发路径探析——以“博行”特色校本课程为例

珠海中山大学附属中学以办学理念、校训为统领,通过态势分析法诊断优劣势,充分利用大学和社区的人力、物力资源,开发、整合具有本校特色的校本课程,现已初步形成“博行”特色校本课程框架。

Zero-determinant strategies in iterated multi-strategy games

Self-serving,rational agents sometimes cooperate to their mutual benefit.The two-player iterated prisoner′s dilemma game is a model for including the emergence of cooperation.It is generally believed that there is no simple ultimatum strategy which a player can control the return of the other participants.The zero-determinant strategy in the iterated prisoner′s dilemma dramatically expands our understanding of the classic game by uncovering strategies that provide a unilateral advantage to sentient players pitted against unwitting opponents.However,strategies in the prisoner′s dilemma game are only two strategies.Are there these results for general multi-strategy games?To address this question,the paper develops a theory for zero-determinant strategies for multi-strategy games,with any number of strategies.The analytical results exhibit a similar yet different scenario to the case of two-strategy games.The results are also applied to the Snowdrift game,the Hawk-Dove game and the Chicken game.

Evolution trend analysis of urban residents’ low-carbon travel development based on multidimensional game theory

In the travel process of urban residents,travelers will take a series of activities such as imitation and exclusion by observing other people’s travel modes,which affects their following trips.This process can be seen as a repeated game between members of the travelers.Based on the analysis of this game and its evolution trend,a multi-dimensional game model of low-carbon travel for residents is established.The two dimensional game strategies include whether to accept the low-carbon concept and whether to choose low-carbon travel.Combined with evolutionary game theory,the low-carbon travel choices of residents in different cities are simulated,and the evolutionary stability strategies are obtained.Finally,the influences of the main parameters of the model on the evolution process and stability strategies are discussed.The results show that travelers would develop towards two trends.Cities with more developed public traffic system have a higher proportion of receiving low-carbon concept and choosing low-carbon travel.Cities with underdeveloped public transport system could increase this proportion by some measures such as encouraging residents to choose slow transport and increasing the propaganda of low-carbon travel,but the positive effects of the measures like propaganda have a limited impact on the proportion.

Bloggers, Vloggers, and a Virtual Sorority： A Means of Support for African American Women Wearing Natural Hair

Non-acceptance of natural African American hair is evident in mainstream media, and within the African American community. As a result, many Afi＇ican American women lack knowledge about how to care for their naturally kinky hair because straightened hair has been the standard and norm. Therefore, women wearing natural hair had to seek support and education outside of their immediate community via social networking sites. Through a participatory culture framework via an Afrocentric lens, the results revealed that producers of these sites became the needed support and comfort that the natural hair community was missing. Through communication with these producers and their sites, a space was created where women began to appreciate and love their natural hair.

Impact of Tourists'Perceived Value on Behavioral Intention for Mega Events:Analysis of Inbound and Domestic Tourists at Shanghai World Expo

Based on the survey data for 2120 inbound and domestic tourists at the Shanghai World Expo,a structural equation model was constructed for the relationship among tourists' perceived value dimensions,behavioral intention and revisit intention.Additionally,the influence of tourists' perceived value dimensions on the behavioral intention and revisit intention was explored.The results show that the utilitarian value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' behavioral intention,while the convenience value and aesthetic value have no significant influence.The service value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' behavioral intention,and the aesthetic value only significantly affects the inbound tourists' behavioral intention.The utilitarian value,service value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' revisit intention,while the convenience value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' revisit intention.The utilitarian value is the primary factor affecting the inbound tourists' behavioral intention and revisit intention,and the perceived price has no significant effect on either inbound or domestic tourists' behavioral intention or revisit intention.The study explores the relationships between tourists' perceived value,behavioral intention and revisit intention,analyzes the divergence and causation,theoretically enriches the research field of tourism geography and behavioral geography,and has great practical significance to the sustainable development of mega events in China,including the further development of the Shanghai World Expo.

Analysis of Employers＇ Dishonest Behavior in Social Security Contributions： Based on the Perspective of Game Theory

China＇s Social Security （SS） has got a series of remarkable achievements, however it has also revealed problems and obstacles. Social insurance contribution relates to the source of social security fund, which closely involves with the interests of thousands of participants. But now some employers in China, still intentionally or accidentally escape or slack off their own social insurance obligation, with the method of deliberately reducing Social Security contribution base, to reach the goal of paying inadequate social sccurity fees to meet its own maximum benefits. This paper bases on the previous literature in the field of problems in SS contributions, supported by theoretical knowledge of Game theory to analyze the potential strategies every player would adopt in their pursuit of maximum self-interest, then finds out the influencing factors of SS enterprise behavior in dodging SS fees, according to the results of game equilibrium, detailed solutions would be given to solve the problem of enterprise not fully contributing social security fees.

The brief history of game theory and the dissemination in China

After the year of 1944, Von Neumann and Morgenstem published the book ＂Theory of Games and Economic Behavior＂, the game theory had gradually become an emerging discipline. At present, game theory has already penetrated to every industry and widespread application in economy, politics and military and so on. The paper introduces the history and the developed situation of game theory about the foreign and domestic state.

How Group Heuristics Promotes Cooperative Behavior in Social Dilemma SituationmExploration of Group Heuristics Effects on the Basis of Computer Simulation

As it is impossible to assume complete rationality in a social dilemma situation, the assumption of bounded rationality is appropriate. Under the bounded rationality, it would be reasonable to assume that one behaves according to the heuristics principle. The group identity effect in a social dilemma situation might be very important in order to attain cooperation. The aim of this study was to clarify how to promote a cooperative behavior by avoiding a social dilemma situation. The group heuristics was taken into account, and it was explored how the group heuristics promotes a cooperative behavior in a social dilemma situation. As a result of a two-person game theory experiment, the group heuristics was found to play an important role in a social dilemma situation, and enhance a cooperative behavior. For the following three cases, the higher cooperation rate was attained at the latter half of the experiment： （a） mutual in-group condition, （b） one-way in-group condition, and （f） one-way unknown condition （in-group）. In conclusion, the consciousness of in-group membership might help to promote actively mutual cooperation.

New Approach to the Delivery of Construction in Botswana

The construction industry in Botswana has been identified as an industry with many problems. Currently the Botswana government uses the design-bid-build process, using prequalification and awards to the lowest bidder for construction services. The government can also use the design-build delivery system. The current delivery system uses an engineering group that delivers designs and construction, uses a procurement group to award the contract and contract modifications. However, the analysis for all actions is done by the engineering group. The model is very similar to the Corps of Engineers traditional processes in the United States. Construction performance （on time and no contract deviations） has not been good. The authors propose that the delivery system and the paradigm of direction, control and decision making by the engineering group causes risk to the project and results in poor contractor performance. The authors suggest making modifications in the process and to use the design-build process. The authors also propose to change the paradigm using best value PIPS/IMT concepts.

Tasting Beijing,Approaching Olympic Games

Sponsored by Beijing Tour Administration,co-organized by Singapore Conference and Exhibition Administration Service Co.,Ltd.and Beijing Relation Exhibition Co.,Ltd.,“2007 Beijing International Tour Expo”was held in Beijing in June.Commissioner Du Jiang gave a presentation with the opening ceremmony,and pointed out that with the theme of“Tasting Beijing,Approaching Olympic Games”,the expo was a platform of promoting the communication and cooperation between the Chinese and foreign tourism industries.

Is the Culture or Unstable Procurement System Causing Nonperforming Projects？

A research group at the University of Botswana has been investigating how culture and construction delivery system stability affect the Botswana construction industry performance. The government of Botswana is attempting to increase the construction performance and sustainability of the Botswana construction industry in an environment of local contractors who do not seem to have the expertise and experience. Currently, the Botswana industry is heavily dependent on foreign contractors. The researchers are trying to identify if the problem is the underdeveloped industry and Botswana culture, or potentially the combination of culture and unstable delivery system, and can a stable delivery system raise the performance of Botswana contractors. The two potential areas of interest are the country culture, and the project delivery/management model. The authors are using deductive logic, logical and simplistic models, and dominant or extreme information to minimizing the need to get into a long drawn out study of details which may be difficult to obtain and not necessarily solve the issue. The objective of the paper is to identify the best method to increase the performance of the construction industry, addressing both the cultural and delivery system problems. The preliminary measurement of the success of the solution is the acceptance of the concepts by major users in Botswana. This paper will propose the potential solution, which will be tested starting January 2011. If this solution is valid, it has a tremendous potential in underdeveloped countries.

From administering administrative divisions to regional public administration： a game analysis of evolution in the pattern of governance by the government

Regional public administration represents in essence an institutional change in the pattern of governance by the government, in that it breaks down the original institutional arrangements of the administration of administrative divisions and embarks on a new process of institutional evolution of the patterns of interest distribution in society. Present throughout this process is a game between different interests, leading to the final emergence of a new system - a new contractual setup resulting from the playing out of the relevant factors. These games take place mainly between the central and the local authorities and among the latter. Setting up a cooperative approach of ＂repeated gaming＂ when the game runs into possible difficulties, developing mechanisms conducive to better information exchange and to bilateral or multilateral consultation, further reshaping government functions by cutting the interest ties that link local authorities with socioeconomic entities, and strengthening the central authorities＇ macro-control functions are efficient guidance measures for setting up a system of regional public administration and realizing change in governance patterns.

Behavior of Collective Cooperation Yielded by Two Update Rules in Social Dilemmas:Combining Fermi and Moran Rules

We combine the Fermi and Moran update rules in the spatial prisoner＇s dilemma and snowdrift games to investigate the behavior of collective cooperation among agents on the regular lattice. Large-scale simulations indicate that, compared to the model with only one update rule, the the role of update dynamics should be paid more attention in cooperation behavior exhibits the richer phenomena, and the evolutionary game theory. Meanwhile, we also observe that the introduction of Moran rule, which needs to consider all neighbor＇s information, can markedly promote the aggregate cooperation level, that is, randomly selecting the neighbor proportional to its payoff to imitate will facilitate the cooperation among agents. Current results will contribute to further understand the cooperation dynamics and evolutionary behaviors within many biological, economic and social systems.

Epidemiological data on acupuncture and physical and rehabilitation medicine in the European Union

OBJETIVE: To know the prevalence of acupuncturists within physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists in Europe and their characteristics,as well as to analyze the pathologies treated and therapeutic techniques used.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study based on a structured and closed questionnaire. The study was carried out from October 2011 to May 2014.RESULTS: A total of 115 specialists from 19 countries completed the questionnaire. The mean characteristics of the physical and rehabilitation medicine(PRM) specialists who are also acupuncturists in Europe were: women(62.6 %); mean age of47.91 years old; 4.20 years of physical and rehabilitation medicine school and 2.00 years of acupuncture training; 15.03 years of mean time of clinical practice as physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists and 10.42 years of experience as acupuncturists; 35.65 % had a doctorate(Ph D) degree,obtained at a mean age of 33.55 years old; working in a public hospital(80%); treating mainly neurological conditions(48.1%) and using mainly techniques such as kinesiotherapy(11.81%),orthosis(10.40%) and electrotherapy(9.92%). Acupuncture was applied by 32.2% of the participants mainly in musculoskeletal conditions(27.38%). A mean number of more than 20 patients a day were treated by47.04% of the specialists,being 41.8% of the patients(adults and children). Significant differences were found between the variables,acupuncture and gender(Pearson's correlation Index = 0.007).However,no differences were observed in relation to acupuncture and age,doctorate degree,years of clinical practice and workplace(all with P values >0.05).CONCLUSION: In the European area,physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists who are also acupuncturists are mainly female,middle-aged,with15 years of professional experience,Ph D holders,working in public hospitals,treating mainly neurological conditions with kinesiotherapy and acupuncture,and treating over 20 patients a day(adults and children) during a 7 h shift. Further epidemiological studies on PRM to provide more information regarding the real situation of this medical specialty and the possibility to open to Chinese traditional medicine techniques such as acupuncture are necessary.