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发人深省的“印度现象”
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作者 黄鹤群 《科协论坛》 2001年第11期44-45,共2页
印度是我国的重要邻国,也是一个正在崛起中的大国。客观地认识、了解印度,对我们具有特殊的现实意义。印度与我国都是四大古国之一,有着悠久的历史与文化,在近代史上,都曾因落后而挨打,沦为被西方列强任意宰割的羔羊;中印两国都是发展... 印度是我国的重要邻国,也是一个正在崛起中的大国。客观地认识、了解印度,对我们具有特殊的现实意义。印度与我国都是四大古国之一,有着悠久的历史与文化,在近代史上,都曾因落后而挨打,沦为被西方列强任意宰割的羔羊;中印两国都是发展中国家,都是人口大国。然而,在短短的几十年间,综合国力远远落后于我国的印度在一些领域正大步流星地前进,有些发展指标赶上甚至超过了我们。印度的崛起对我们在新世纪实现跨越式发展有何启示呢? 展开更多
关键词 经济发展战略 跨越式发展 “印度现象”
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LINKAGE BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND TWO TYPES OF El NI?O AND ITS POSSIBLE MECHANISMS 被引量:2
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作者 董笛 何金海 李建平 《Journal of Tropical Meteorology》 SCIE 2016年第2期172-181,共10页
After compositing three representative ENSO indices,El Nio events have been divided into an eastern pattern(EP) and a central pattern(CP).By using EOF,correlation and composite analysis,the relationship and possible m... After compositing three representative ENSO indices,El Nio events have been divided into an eastern pattern(EP) and a central pattern(CP).By using EOF,correlation and composite analysis,the relationship and possible mechanisms between Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) and two types of El Nio were investigated.IOD events,originating from Indo-Pacific scale air-sea interaction,are composed of two modes,which are associated with EP and CP El Ni o respectively.The IOD mode related to EP El Nio events(named as IOD1) is strongest at the depth of 50 to 150 m along the equatorial Indian Ocean.Besides,it shows a quasi-symmetric distribution,stronger in the south of the Equator.The IOD mode associated with CP El Nio(named as IOD2) has strongest signal in tropical southern Indian Ocean surface.In terms of mechanisms,before EP El Nio peaks,anomalous Walker circulation produces strong anomalous easterlies in equatorial Indian Ocean,resulting in upwelling in the east,decreasing sea temperature there;a couple of anomalous anticyclones(stronger in the south) form off the Equator where warm water accumulates,and thus the IOD1 occurs.When CP El Nio develops,anomalous Walker circulation is weaker and shifts its center to the west,therefore anomalous easterlies in equatorial Indian Ocean is less strong.Besides,the anticyclone south of Sumatra strengthens,and the southerlies east of it bring cold water from higher latitudes and northerlies west of it bring warm water from lower latitudes to the 15° to 25°S zone.Meanwhile,there exists strong divergence in the east and convergence in the west part of tropical southern Indian Ocean,making sea temperature fall and rise separately.Therefore,IOD2 lies farther south. 展开更多
关键词 Indian Ocean Dipole two types of El Nio anomalous Walker circulation air-sea interaction sea temperature anomaly
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Vertical Zonation of Horticultural Farming in the Alaknanda Basin of Garhwal Himalaya, India
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作者 Vishwambhar Prasad Sati 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2005年第4期319-328,共10页
Horticultural practice in the Himalayas has great importance not only for economic development but also for environmental restoration. In the entire Himalayan mountain system, from Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya to Assam ... Horticultural practice in the Himalayas has great importance not only for economic development but also for environmental restoration. In the entire Himalayan mountain system, from Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya to Assam Himalaya, the practice of horticulture is centuries old, which includes varieties of fruits along with availability of high quality and quantity. In terms of the Alaknanda Basin, which is centrally located in the Himalayan system, the practice of horticulture does not get commercial level; only it is cultivated domestically. The climatic conditions ranging from sub-tropical (low-lying river valleys) to alpine and frigid (highly elevated regions) are suited for varieties of fruit cultivation, yet the benefit of this could not be utilized by the residents who are working in the agricultural fields. Besides, less proportion of land is devoted for fruit cultivation along with domestic production of fruits. The varieties of fruit cultivated in the basin range from mango-guava-papaya, stone-net, citrus to apple at the different elevations. Along with the cultivated fruits, varieties of wild fruits are also found in the jungle. There are four climatic zones suitable for the production of various fruits as below:? Sub-tropical zone including the lower part of the Alaknanda, Pindar, Nandakini, and Mandakini rivers is suitable for mango, guava, and papaya; ? Sub-temperate zone in the middle basin of the Alaknanda, Pindar, Nandakini and Mandakini rivers is a good place for citrus fruits, particularly orange and lemon; ? Temperate zone occupying the Dauli, Vishnu Ganga, Upper Pinder, Nandakini and Mandakini rivers is highly productive for apple, nut and stone fruits; ? Alpine meadows in the highly elevated region are known as Bugyal famous for herb culture. Each of these zones has distinct physical features, environmental conditions and socio-economic identity for fruit cultivation. The present paper aims to discuss about the vertical zonation of the horticultural farming and its nature, in terms of development, in the Alaknada Basin. 展开更多
关键词 Horticultural practice domestic production FRUIT herb culture wild fruit fruit production sustainable horticulture
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The behavior of deep convective clouds over the warm pool and connection to the Walker circulation
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作者 Wenjing SHI Ziniu XIAO Yufei AI 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第11期1605-1621,共17页
As the deep convective clouds(DCCs) over the western Pacific and Indian Ocean warm pool may play different roles in the climate system, variations in DCC properties over these two sectors are investigated and compared... As the deep convective clouds(DCCs) over the western Pacific and Indian Ocean warm pool may play different roles in the climate system, variations in DCC properties over these two sectors are investigated and compared. The DCC intensity and area varies more significantly in the Indian Ocean than the western Pacific sector, while the DCC frequency is comparable in both sectors at the seasonal scale. Although the Indian Ocean sector is strongly dominated by the seasonal evolution, the interannual variations in the two sectors are comparable for all three DCC properties(frequency, intensity, and area). Besides,Walker circulation is closely correlated with the interannual variability of DCCs in both sectors. The Walker circulation strengthens(weakens) as the DCCs shift eastward(westward) over the Indian Ocean sector and westward(eastward) over the western Pacific sector. When more or stronger DCCs occur over the Indian Ocean sector(western Pacific sector), the Walker circulation becomes stronger(weaker) and shifts westward(eastward). Interestingly, the response of the Walker circulation to DCC variability over the warm pool is asymmetry. The asymmetry response of the Walker circulation to the negative and positive DCC anomaly may be related to the non-linearity internal variability of the atmosphere. DCCs over the Indian Ocean sector have a much weaker nonlinear correlation with the Walker circulation than DCCs over the western Pacific sector. 展开更多
关键词 Satellite data Deep convective clouds Asymmetry response Walker circulation
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