This paper investigates the history of upgrade of industrial structure in human society from a combined perspective of economic and philosophical history encompassing primitive society,ancient society and recent and m...This paper investigates the history of upgrade of industrial structure in human society from a combined perspective of economic and philosophical history encompassing primitive society,ancient society and recent and modern society.As far as recent and modern society is concerned,this paper divides the upgrade into two basic aspects:the shifting dominant position of primary,secondary and tertiary industries,and that of laborintensive,capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries.Moreover,this paper has examined the history of upgrade of industrial structure in China since 1949 and identified that the upgrade of China's industrial structure demonstrates not only the characteristics of middle and late stages of industrialization but characteristics of modernization as well.According to the general pattern of upgrade of industrial structure in recent and modern society and China's reality,great efforts must be made to improve China's indigenous innovation capacity,expedite agriculture modernization,increase competitiveness and qualitative development of manufacturing sector,and vigorously promote service sector(especially producers services),environmental protection industry,culture industry and maritime industry.展开更多
The substantive characteristics of the connotation of ＂State＂ include two parts： （I） the relatively perpetual and impersonalized political system; （II） the ductility of organization forms within the space and p...The substantive characteristics of the connotation of ＂State＂ include two parts： （I） the relatively perpetual and impersonalized political system; （II） the ductility of organization forms within the space and politics. And the later part is the absolute attribute of this connotation while the former part tends to show with different forms. Therefore, it is more suitable for the former one to be the objective for study on the evolution process of the connotation of ＂State＂ at different stages. Based on this understanding, the author discusses the specific political system at different stages and the relatively perpetual and impersonalized methods for the realization of the system, then tries to define the connotation of the early state, ancient state and modem state in Chinese history.展开更多
A Concise History Reader of the People’s Republic of China is a condensed compilation by the Institute of Contemporary China Studies over 20years from a multivolume collection.It is the fi rst monumental work recordi...A Concise History Reader of the People’s Republic of China is a condensed compilation by the Institute of Contemporary China Studies over 20years from a multivolume collection.It is the fi rst monumental work recording the development history of the PRC.展开更多
This paper is divided into three subjects： Japanese Genghis Khan, Chinese tofu and Korean bibimbap （mixed rice with vegetables）. It will be a cross-cultural and comparative research on historic foods among three co...This paper is divided into three subjects： Japanese Genghis Khan, Chinese tofu and Korean bibimbap （mixed rice with vegetables）. It will be a cross-cultural and comparative research on historic foods among three countries （Japan, China, and Korea）, in relation to national culinary identity.展开更多
Guangxi is in the southwest border of China, and Guilin landscape and ethnic customs as the two ＂trump cards＂ have been widely utilized in the communication between Guaaagxi and the outside world. In fact, Guangxi o...Guangxi is in the southwest border of China, and Guilin landscape and ethnic customs as the two ＂trump cards＂ have been widely utilized in the communication between Guaaagxi and the outside world. In fact, Guangxi owns many cultural resources such as humanity history, characteristic diet, and local operas to be further promoted, among which historical figures resources are especially abundant. However, the development and protection of the historical figures resources are inconsistent with the current economic and social development, and feature obviously certain hysteresis. In this paper, by taking Mrs. WA who was a heroine of the Zhuang nationality to resist foreign invasions in the Ming Dynasty, the necessary development road of the historical figures resources is explored based on analyzing the current development and protection of the historical figures resources in China＇ s Guangxi border areas, and then innovative concepts and new ideas are proposed with great efforts.展开更多
Trachoma is one of the most widespread blinding eye diseases, which is harmful to human visual health. The efforts to prevent and control trachoma in China can be divided into three periods, i.e., highly epidemic peri...Trachoma is one of the most widespread blinding eye diseases, which is harmful to human visual health. The efforts to prevent and control trachoma in China can be divided into three periods, i.e., highly epidemic period, research on pathogenesis and control of trachoma, and blinding trachoma elimination and epidemiological evaluation. In 1956, Prof. Feifan Tang and Xiaolou Zhang first discovered and isolated Chlamydia trachomatis, which clarified the cause of trachoma, and kick-started a fresh chapter in trachoma research, prevention, and control around the world. Although, the prevalence of trachoma differed in different areas, the average prevalence once exceeded 50% and was as high as 90% in some areas before and at early liberation of China. Therefore, the government-led efforts were made to comprehensively prevent and control trachoma, including development of National Plan for the Prevention and Control of Trachoma, nationwide screening and treatment of trachoma, implementation of National Patriotic Health Campaign and improvement of water supply and lavatories. After decades of effort, China reached the goal of eliminating blinding trachoma in 2015. China has gained remarkable achievements in the prevention and treatment of trachoma, making outstanding contributions toward the goal of eliminating trachoma worldwide. The research, prevention, and control of trachoma in China were reviewed in this paper.展开更多
Water is the source of all life, and is closely related to human civilization. It had a special significance in China, so the ancient Chinese created the dragon god as a symbol of China, the Chinese and Chinese civili...Water is the source of all life, and is closely related to human civilization. It had a special significance in China, so the ancient Chinese created the dragon god as a symbol of China, the Chinese and Chinese civilization. It can be said that the unique hydrological conditions on the territory of China created three great historical miracles： China, the Chinese people, and Chinese civilization. The Chinese have dedicated more effort than people in any other countries to water control and water use in order to make effective use of water resources and prevent flooding. It is their unparalleled achievements that have laid the foundation for these three miracles. Today, the Chinese people are facing unprecedented challenges in water control and water use. Exploring the historical Chinese relationship with water offers a good opportunity to understand the important role that water plays in long-term social development.展开更多
Given the fact that the final conclusions on Mao are hard to draw, this paper endeavors to provide a pertinent critique, making full use of available archives, documents, and data and discarding as much bias and preju...Given the fact that the final conclusions on Mao are hard to draw, this paper endeavors to provide a pertinent critique, making full use of available archives, documents, and data and discarding as much bias and prejudice as possible, of Mao Ze-dong＇s life, his role in the Chinese Revolution, and the various movements after the founding of the PRC, and the roots of his thoughts and theories.展开更多
It is necessary to master certain scientific methods in studying the historical experience of the People＇s Republic of China; that is, we should study the experience of different periods of New China and at the same ...It is necessary to master certain scientific methods in studying the historical experience of the People＇s Republic of China; that is, we should study the experience of different periods of New China and at the same time study the experience of various historical periods as related to one another; we should study the successful experience of New China and at the same time study its errors and setbacks; and we should view the historical experience of New China from today＇s perspective and at the same time study it by placing it under given historical conditions.展开更多
The article examines history of diplomatic relations Poland and People＇s Republic of China, starting from official recognition of Chinese People＇s Republic of China on 7 October 1949, through worsening of cooperatio...The article examines history of diplomatic relations Poland and People＇s Republic of China, starting from official recognition of Chinese People＇s Republic of China on 7 October 1949, through worsening of cooperation between both countries in the sixties and isolation of China during Cultural Revolution in particular （1966-1976）, till present day. The article discusses Polish-Chinese relations on many basis; political, economical（ examples of mutual agreements and functioning polish-Chinese enterprises） , cultural, educational and social. What the article does emphasize, is the growing importance of China on international arena and necessity for Poland to become more engaged in relations with this country.展开更多
In eighteenth-century Britain, knowledge about animals from around the world was rapidly increasing. This paper focuses on what the British knew and imagined about the animals of China from reading the works of Europe...In eighteenth-century Britain, knowledge about animals from around the world was rapidly increasing. This paper focuses on what the British knew and imagined about the animals of China from reading the works of European travellers and natural historians. Whereas the animals of Africa and America served to foster a growing sense of European mastery of less civilized parts of the world through trade and possession, those of China were understood as embedded in a highly advanced civilization and therefore as sources of knowledge about that civilization. This paper examines the way in which British understandings of China were mediated through accounts of Chinese animals and of human-animal relations in China. Looking at works of popular natural history and at Oliver Goldsmith＇s fictional letters of a ＂Chinese philosopher＂ in The Citizen of the World （1762）, I argue that the animals of China bore several messages about their country. Focusing on the particular examples of the golden pheasant, the horse, the cormorant, and the cat, I suggest that British writing about Chinese animals served as a way of expressing mixed feelings about the value of advanced civilizations, whether Chinese or European.展开更多
文摘This paper investigates the history of upgrade of industrial structure in human society from a combined perspective of economic and philosophical history encompassing primitive society,ancient society and recent and modern society.As far as recent and modern society is concerned,this paper divides the upgrade into two basic aspects:the shifting dominant position of primary,secondary and tertiary industries,and that of laborintensive,capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries.Moreover,this paper has examined the history of upgrade of industrial structure in China since 1949 and identified that the upgrade of China's industrial structure demonstrates not only the characteristics of middle and late stages of industrialization but characteristics of modernization as well.According to the general pattern of upgrade of industrial structure in recent and modern society and China's reality,great efforts must be made to improve China's indigenous innovation capacity,expedite agriculture modernization,increase competitiveness and qualitative development of manufacturing sector,and vigorously promote service sector(especially producers services),environmental protection industry,culture industry and maritime industry.
文摘The substantive characteristics of the connotation of ＂State＂ include two parts： （I） the relatively perpetual and impersonalized political system; （II） the ductility of organization forms within the space and politics. And the later part is the absolute attribute of this connotation while the former part tends to show with different forms. Therefore, it is more suitable for the former one to be the objective for study on the evolution process of the connotation of ＂State＂ at different stages. Based on this understanding, the author discusses the specific political system at different stages and the relatively perpetual and impersonalized methods for the realization of the system, then tries to define the connotation of the early state, ancient state and modem state in Chinese history.
文摘A Concise History Reader of the People’s Republic of China is a condensed compilation by the Institute of Contemporary China Studies over 20years from a multivolume collection.It is the fi rst monumental work recording the development history of the PRC.
文摘This paper is divided into three subjects： Japanese Genghis Khan, Chinese tofu and Korean bibimbap （mixed rice with vegetables）. It will be a cross-cultural and comparative research on historic foods among three countries （Japan, China, and Korea）, in relation to national culinary identity.
文摘Guangxi is in the southwest border of China, and Guilin landscape and ethnic customs as the two ＂trump cards＂ have been widely utilized in the communication between Guaaagxi and the outside world. In fact, Guangxi owns many cultural resources such as humanity history, characteristic diet, and local operas to be further promoted, among which historical figures resources are especially abundant. However, the development and protection of the historical figures resources are inconsistent with the current economic and social development, and feature obviously certain hysteresis. In this paper, by taking Mrs. WA who was a heroine of the Zhuang nationality to resist foreign invasions in the Ming Dynasty, the necessary development road of the historical figures resources is explored based on analyzing the current development and protection of the historical figures resources in China＇ s Guangxi border areas, and then innovative concepts and new ideas are proposed with great efforts.
文摘Trachoma is one of the most widespread blinding eye diseases, which is harmful to human visual health. The efforts to prevent and control trachoma in China can be divided into three periods, i.e., highly epidemic period, research on pathogenesis and control of trachoma, and blinding trachoma elimination and epidemiological evaluation. In 1956, Prof. Feifan Tang and Xiaolou Zhang first discovered and isolated Chlamydia trachomatis, which clarified the cause of trachoma, and kick-started a fresh chapter in trachoma research, prevention, and control around the world. Although, the prevalence of trachoma differed in different areas, the average prevalence once exceeded 50% and was as high as 90% in some areas before and at early liberation of China. Therefore, the government-led efforts were made to comprehensively prevent and control trachoma, including development of National Plan for the Prevention and Control of Trachoma, nationwide screening and treatment of trachoma, implementation of National Patriotic Health Campaign and improvement of water supply and lavatories. After decades of effort, China reached the goal of eliminating blinding trachoma in 2015. China has gained remarkable achievements in the prevention and treatment of trachoma, making outstanding contributions toward the goal of eliminating trachoma worldwide. The research, prevention, and control of trachoma in China were reviewed in this paper.
文摘Water is the source of all life, and is closely related to human civilization. It had a special significance in China, so the ancient Chinese created the dragon god as a symbol of China, the Chinese and Chinese civilization. It can be said that the unique hydrological conditions on the territory of China created three great historical miracles： China, the Chinese people, and Chinese civilization. The Chinese have dedicated more effort than people in any other countries to water control and water use in order to make effective use of water resources and prevent flooding. It is their unparalleled achievements that have laid the foundation for these three miracles. Today, the Chinese people are facing unprecedented challenges in water control and water use. Exploring the historical Chinese relationship with water offers a good opportunity to understand the important role that water plays in long-term social development.
文摘Given the fact that the final conclusions on Mao are hard to draw, this paper endeavors to provide a pertinent critique, making full use of available archives, documents, and data and discarding as much bias and prejudice as possible, of Mao Ze-dong＇s life, his role in the Chinese Revolution, and the various movements after the founding of the PRC, and the roots of his thoughts and theories.
文摘It is necessary to master certain scientific methods in studying the historical experience of the People＇s Republic of China; that is, we should study the experience of different periods of New China and at the same time study the experience of various historical periods as related to one another; we should study the successful experience of New China and at the same time study its errors and setbacks; and we should view the historical experience of New China from today＇s perspective and at the same time study it by placing it under given historical conditions.
文摘The article examines history of diplomatic relations Poland and People＇s Republic of China, starting from official recognition of Chinese People＇s Republic of China on 7 October 1949, through worsening of cooperation between both countries in the sixties and isolation of China during Cultural Revolution in particular （1966-1976）, till present day. The article discusses Polish-Chinese relations on many basis; political, economical（ examples of mutual agreements and functioning polish-Chinese enterprises） , cultural, educational and social. What the article does emphasize, is the growing importance of China on international arena and necessity for Poland to become more engaged in relations with this country.
文摘In eighteenth-century Britain, knowledge about animals from around the world was rapidly increasing. This paper focuses on what the British knew and imagined about the animals of China from reading the works of European travellers and natural historians. Whereas the animals of Africa and America served to foster a growing sense of European mastery of less civilized parts of the world through trade and possession, those of China were understood as embedded in a highly advanced civilization and therefore as sources of knowledge about that civilization. This paper examines the way in which British understandings of China were mediated through accounts of Chinese animals and of human-animal relations in China. Looking at works of popular natural history and at Oliver Goldsmith＇s fictional letters of a ＂Chinese philosopher＂ in The Citizen of the World （1762）, I argue that the animals of China bore several messages about their country. Focusing on the particular examples of the golden pheasant, the horse, the cormorant, and the cat, I suggest that British writing about Chinese animals served as a way of expressing mixed feelings about the value of advanced civilizations, whether Chinese or European.
