At 5: 39 AM on 24 June 2017, a huge landslide-debris avalanche occurred on Fugui Mountain at Xinmo village, Diexi town, Maoxian county, Sichuan province, China. The debris blocked the Songpinggou River for about 2 km,...At 5: 39 AM on 24 June 2017, a huge landslide-debris avalanche occurred on Fugui Mountain at Xinmo village, Diexi town, Maoxian county, Sichuan province, China. The debris blocked the Songpinggou River for about 2 km, resulting in a heavy loss of both human lives and properties(10 deaths, 3 injuries, 73 missing, and 103 houses completely destroyed). The objectives of this paper are to understand the overall process and triggering factors of this landslide and to explore the affecting factors for its long term evolution before failure. Post event surveys were carried out the day after the landslide occurrence. Information was gathered from literature and on-site investigation and measurement. Topography, landforms, lithology, geological setting, earthquake history, meteorological and hydrological data of the area were analysed. Aerial photographs and other remote sensing information were used for evaluation and discussion. Eye witnesses also provided a lot of helpful information for us to understand the process of initiation, development and deposition. The depositional characteristics of the moving material as well as the traces of the movement,the structural features of the main scarp and the seismic waves induced by the slide are presented and discussed in detail in this paper. The results show that the mechanism of the landslide is a sudden rupture of the main block caused by the instability of a secondary block at a higher position. After the initiation, the failed rock mass at higher position overloaded the main block at the lower elevation and collapsed in tandem. Fragmentation of the rock mass occurred later, thus forming a debris avalanche with high mobility. This landslide case indicates that such seismic events could influence geological hazards for over 80 years and this study provides reference to the long term susceptibility and risk assessment of secondary geological hazards from earthquake.展开更多
Throughout his work, Lev S. Vygotsky （1896-1934） pursued the objective of reformulating psychological theory. His historical-cultural analysis of the ＂crisis in psychology＂ showed that, beyond contradictions betwe...Throughout his work, Lev S. Vygotsky （1896-1934） pursued the objective of reformulating psychological theory. His historical-cultural analysis of the ＂crisis in psychology＂ showed that, beyond contradictions between the two main methodological currents---＂objective/explanatory＂ and ＂subjective/intuitive＂--psychology is primarily influenced by its empirical-sensory foundations. This influence is actually at the origin of the disagreement since it maintains the obligation for the two currents to make reference to empirical-sensory data. Only a general model of the developing human being, assessed by its usefulness, will allow reorienting psychology towards a broader science. This would lead to a general theory of psychology, which could then facilitate the search for tools for an indirect method enabling it to go beyond empiricism.展开更多
Monuments and historical centers, because of their particular importance, are studied in multiple ways. The study concerns different scientific disciplines and technology. Photogrammetry and remote sensing contribute ...Monuments and historical centers, because of their particular importance, are studied in multiple ways. The study concerns different scientific disciplines and technology. Photogrammetry and remote sensing contribute essentially to this study, because of the valuable qualitative and quantitative information they offer. In this paper we search through the possibilities of very high resolution satellite imagery on historical centers study, referring to Delphi historical center. The study concerns image enhancement techniques and visual interpretation of Ikonos satellite imagery. Image enhancement techniques facilitate visual interpretation, detection and recognition, of the physiognomy and spatial arrangement of Delphi historical center and offer information about physical and architectural features in the wide area of the historical center.展开更多
The territory of the Republic of Macedonia is divided to geographical regions, in which different types of monuments and houses from Ottoman character can be found. The monuments and regions presented through this pap...The territory of the Republic of Macedonia is divided to geographical regions, in which different types of monuments and houses from Ottoman character can be found. The monuments and regions presented through this paper do not cover all the regions of Macedonia but only the territories of Skopje, the capital of Macedonia and Ohrid. This paper involves a research of Ottoman housing and settlements in Macedonia according to the architectural characteristics and settlement textures using old-new photographs, related literature, internet sources and site investigation. The rich vernacular traditions we inherited from Ottoman ancestors would be a source for inspiring the architects in establishing the guiding principles for new buildings in Macedonia. Finally, this study concludes with some ways forward on how to attain cultural continuity for achieving sustainable development in the long run.展开更多
The artificial endocrine pancreas is a feedback control instrument that regulates insulin delivery on a minute-by-minute basis according to measured blood glucose levels. Only one type of bedsidetype artificial endocr...The artificial endocrine pancreas is a feedback control instrument that regulates insulin delivery on a minute-by-minute basis according to measured blood glucose levels. Only one type of bedsidetype artificial endocrine pancreas is now available in Japan: STG-22 (Nikkiso Co. Ltd., Japan). In the insulin infusion algorithm, insulin is infused on the basis ofits proportional and derivative actions, to blood glucose concentrations with a constant time delay. The bedside-type artificial endocrine pancreas has been proven to be useful not only as a therapeutic tool for diabetes mellitus, but also as an elegant research tool for investigating the pathophysiology of the disease, by using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique. The wearable type of closed-loop system has been developed recently. The breakthrough is the establishment of a needle-type glucose sensor. The development of closed-loop glycemic control systems that enable long-term physiological regulation has focused on implantable devices. Much effort has been expended to realize these devices.展开更多
Chinese music history is a rigorous discipline of analyzing, studying and describing Chinese music development and evolution process, which has typical historical factors. Chinese music covers a wide range, which incl...Chinese music history is a rigorous discipline of analyzing, studying and describing Chinese music development and evolution process, which has typical historical factors. Chinese music covers a wide range, which includes China traditional opera, minority drama, local and regional opera, and the song and dance drama and music with the sense of the times.However, in the music history research and teaching in our country currently, because the current art education of the old system and the traditional mechanical reasons, study on the history of music lacks of effective view in the breadth and depth.Because of these reasons, there is a lack of the object of study and research methods, so in the course of study on the China music history, it has some deficiency and embarrassing phenomenon.In this paper, it takes the analysis on deletion and embarrassing situations in our country at present on the history of music, and finds out the corresponding solutions for it.展开更多
The wireless sensor network （WSN） plays an important role in monitoring the environment near the harbor in order to make the ships nearby out of dangers and to optimize the utilization of limited sea routes. Based o...The wireless sensor network （WSN） plays an important role in monitoring the environment near the harbor in order to make the ships nearby out of dangers and to optimize the utilization of limited sea routes. Based on the historical data collected by the buoys with sensing capacities, a novel data compression algorithm called adaptive time piecewise constant vector quantization （ATPCVQ） is proposed to utilize the principal components. The proposed system is capable of lowering the budget of wireless communication and enhancing the lifetime of sensor nodes subject to the constrain of data precision. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is verified by using the practical data in Qinhuangdao Port of China.展开更多
Forests have long life cycles of up to several hundred years and longer.They also have very different growth rates at different stages of their life cycles.Therefore the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems has long time...Forests have long life cycles of up to several hundred years and longer.They also have very different growth rates at different stages of their life cycles.Therefore the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems has long time scales,making it necessary to consider forest age in estimating the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon sinks in forests.The focus of this article is to review methods for combining recent remote sensing data with historical climate data for estimating the forest carbon source and sink distribution.Satellite remote sensing provides useful data for the land surface in recent decades. The information derived from remote sensing data can be used for short-term forest growth estimation and for mapping forest stand age for longterm simulations.For short-term forest growth estimation, remote sensing can provide forest structural parameters as inputs to process-based models,including big-leaf,two-leaf,and multi-layered models. These models use different strategies to upscale from leaf to canopy,and their reliability and suitability for remote sensing applications will be examined here.For long-term forest carbon cycle estimation, the spatial distribution of the forest growth rate（net primary productivity,NPP） modeled using remote sensing data in recent years is a critical input.This input can be combined with a forest age map to simulate the historical variation of NPP under the influence of climate and atmospheric changes. Another important component of the forest carbon cycle is heterotrophic respiration in the soil,which depends on the sizes of soil carbon pools as well as climate conditions.Methods for estimating the soil carbon spatial distribution and its separation into pools are described.The emphasis is placed on how to derive the soil carbon pools from NPP estimation in current years with consideration of forest carbon dynamics associated with stand age variation and climate and atmospheric changes.The role of disturbance in the forest carbon cycle and the effects of forest regrowth after disturbance are also considered in this review.An example of national forest carbon budget estimation in Canada is given at the end.It illustrates the importance of forest stand age structure in estimating the national forest carbon budgets and the effects of climate and atmospheric changes on the forest carbon cycle.展开更多
British-American historian Bernard Lewis famously condemned Arab and Islamic civilization for not having a polyphonic sense of music,even accusing them of accepting totalitarian ideologies and regimes because of their...British-American historian Bernard Lewis famously condemned Arab and Islamic civilization for not having a polyphonic sense of music,even accusing them of accepting totalitarian ideologies and regimes because of their taste for"monophonic"music.That is,having one single singer with all the music following the ups and downs of his or her voice.Polyphonic music,by contrast,is when a piece of music has two or more independent melodies in it.As for the related notion of counterpoint,this is from many voices present in the chorus of a classical Greek drama and a reference to the coordination evident in choir singing.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Basic Reareach program of China (973 program, Grant No. 2013CB733201)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (Grant No. QYZDY-SSW-DQC006)the “Hundred Talents” program (SU Li-jun) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
文摘At 5: 39 AM on 24 June 2017, a huge landslide-debris avalanche occurred on Fugui Mountain at Xinmo village, Diexi town, Maoxian county, Sichuan province, China. The debris blocked the Songpinggou River for about 2 km, resulting in a heavy loss of both human lives and properties(10 deaths, 3 injuries, 73 missing, and 103 houses completely destroyed). The objectives of this paper are to understand the overall process and triggering factors of this landslide and to explore the affecting factors for its long term evolution before failure. Post event surveys were carried out the day after the landslide occurrence. Information was gathered from literature and on-site investigation and measurement. Topography, landforms, lithology, geological setting, earthquake history, meteorological and hydrological data of the area were analysed. Aerial photographs and other remote sensing information were used for evaluation and discussion. Eye witnesses also provided a lot of helpful information for us to understand the process of initiation, development and deposition. The depositional characteristics of the moving material as well as the traces of the movement,the structural features of the main scarp and the seismic waves induced by the slide are presented and discussed in detail in this paper. The results show that the mechanism of the landslide is a sudden rupture of the main block caused by the instability of a secondary block at a higher position. After the initiation, the failed rock mass at higher position overloaded the main block at the lower elevation and collapsed in tandem. Fragmentation of the rock mass occurred later, thus forming a debris avalanche with high mobility. This landslide case indicates that such seismic events could influence geological hazards for over 80 years and this study provides reference to the long term susceptibility and risk assessment of secondary geological hazards from earthquake.
文摘Throughout his work, Lev S. Vygotsky （1896-1934） pursued the objective of reformulating psychological theory. His historical-cultural analysis of the ＂crisis in psychology＂ showed that, beyond contradictions between the two main methodological currents---＂objective/explanatory＂ and ＂subjective/intuitive＂--psychology is primarily influenced by its empirical-sensory foundations. This influence is actually at the origin of the disagreement since it maintains the obligation for the two currents to make reference to empirical-sensory data. Only a general model of the developing human being, assessed by its usefulness, will allow reorienting psychology towards a broader science. This would lead to a general theory of psychology, which could then facilitate the search for tools for an indirect method enabling it to go beyond empiricism.
文摘Monuments and historical centers, because of their particular importance, are studied in multiple ways. The study concerns different scientific disciplines and technology. Photogrammetry and remote sensing contribute essentially to this study, because of the valuable qualitative and quantitative information they offer. In this paper we search through the possibilities of very high resolution satellite imagery on historical centers study, referring to Delphi historical center. The study concerns image enhancement techniques and visual interpretation of Ikonos satellite imagery. Image enhancement techniques facilitate visual interpretation, detection and recognition, of the physiognomy and spatial arrangement of Delphi historical center and offer information about physical and architectural features in the wide area of the historical center.
文摘The territory of the Republic of Macedonia is divided to geographical regions, in which different types of monuments and houses from Ottoman character can be found. The monuments and regions presented through this paper do not cover all the regions of Macedonia but only the territories of Skopje, the capital of Macedonia and Ohrid. This paper involves a research of Ottoman housing and settlements in Macedonia according to the architectural characteristics and settlement textures using old-new photographs, related literature, internet sources and site investigation. The rich vernacular traditions we inherited from Ottoman ancestors would be a source for inspiring the architects in establishing the guiding principles for new buildings in Macedonia. Finally, this study concludes with some ways forward on how to attain cultural continuity for achieving sustainable development in the long run.
文摘The artificial endocrine pancreas is a feedback control instrument that regulates insulin delivery on a minute-by-minute basis according to measured blood glucose levels. Only one type of bedsidetype artificial endocrine pancreas is now available in Japan: STG-22 (Nikkiso Co. Ltd., Japan). In the insulin infusion algorithm, insulin is infused on the basis ofits proportional and derivative actions, to blood glucose concentrations with a constant time delay. The bedside-type artificial endocrine pancreas has been proven to be useful not only as a therapeutic tool for diabetes mellitus, but also as an elegant research tool for investigating the pathophysiology of the disease, by using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique. The wearable type of closed-loop system has been developed recently. The breakthrough is the establishment of a needle-type glucose sensor. The development of closed-loop glycemic control systems that enable long-term physiological regulation has focused on implantable devices. Much effort has been expended to realize these devices.
文摘Chinese music history is a rigorous discipline of analyzing, studying and describing Chinese music development and evolution process, which has typical historical factors. Chinese music covers a wide range, which includes China traditional opera, minority drama, local and regional opera, and the song and dance drama and music with the sense of the times.However, in the music history research and teaching in our country currently, because the current art education of the old system and the traditional mechanical reasons, study on the history of music lacks of effective view in the breadth and depth.Because of these reasons, there is a lack of the object of study and research methods, so in the course of study on the China music history, it has some deficiency and embarrassing phenomenon.In this paper, it takes the analysis on deletion and embarrassing situations in our country at present on the history of music, and finds out the corresponding solutions for it.
基金key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China，Information Acquirement and Publish System of Shipping Lane in Harbor，the fund of Beijing Science and Technology Commission Network Monitoring and Application Demonstration in Food Security,the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University，National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject，Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘The wireless sensor network （WSN） plays an important role in monitoring the environment near the harbor in order to make the ships nearby out of dangers and to optimize the utilization of limited sea routes. Based on the historical data collected by the buoys with sensing capacities, a novel data compression algorithm called adaptive time piecewise constant vector quantization （ATPCVQ） is proposed to utilize the principal components. The proposed system is capable of lowering the budget of wireless communication and enhancing the lifetime of sensor nodes subject to the constrain of data precision. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is verified by using the practical data in Qinhuangdao Port of China.
文摘Forests have long life cycles of up to several hundred years and longer.They also have very different growth rates at different stages of their life cycles.Therefore the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems has long time scales,making it necessary to consider forest age in estimating the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon sinks in forests.The focus of this article is to review methods for combining recent remote sensing data with historical climate data for estimating the forest carbon source and sink distribution.Satellite remote sensing provides useful data for the land surface in recent decades. The information derived from remote sensing data can be used for short-term forest growth estimation and for mapping forest stand age for longterm simulations.For short-term forest growth estimation, remote sensing can provide forest structural parameters as inputs to process-based models,including big-leaf,two-leaf,and multi-layered models. These models use different strategies to upscale from leaf to canopy,and their reliability and suitability for remote sensing applications will be examined here.For long-term forest carbon cycle estimation, the spatial distribution of the forest growth rate（net primary productivity,NPP） modeled using remote sensing data in recent years is a critical input.This input can be combined with a forest age map to simulate the historical variation of NPP under the influence of climate and atmospheric changes. Another important component of the forest carbon cycle is heterotrophic respiration in the soil,which depends on the sizes of soil carbon pools as well as climate conditions.Methods for estimating the soil carbon spatial distribution and its separation into pools are described.The emphasis is placed on how to derive the soil carbon pools from NPP estimation in current years with consideration of forest carbon dynamics associated with stand age variation and climate and atmospheric changes.The role of disturbance in the forest carbon cycle and the effects of forest regrowth after disturbance are also considered in this review.An example of national forest carbon budget estimation in Canada is given at the end.It illustrates the importance of forest stand age structure in estimating the national forest carbon budgets and the effects of climate and atmospheric changes on the forest carbon cycle.
文摘British-American historian Bernard Lewis famously condemned Arab and Islamic civilization for not having a polyphonic sense of music,even accusing them of accepting totalitarian ideologies and regimes because of their taste for"monophonic"music.That is,having one single singer with all the music following the ups and downs of his or her voice.Polyphonic music,by contrast,is when a piece of music has two or more independent melodies in it.As for the related notion of counterpoint,this is from many voices present in the chorus of a classical Greek drama and a reference to the coordination evident in choir singing.
