When it comes to the afterlife, Seventh-day Adventists advocate ＂soul sleep＂ condition, in which the dead person is in some sort of suspended state until the final judgment. On the other hand, many Evangelical Chris...When it comes to the afterlife, Seventh-day Adventists advocate ＂soul sleep＂ condition, in which the dead person is in some sort of suspended state until the final judgment. On the other hand, many Evangelical Christians believe that the dead go directly to Heaven to be with the Lord. But in Roman Catholicism, purgatory is considered as the place where most dead believers expiate their remaining sins before entering the visible presence of God. This doctrine has been criticized extensively both by Catholics and Evangelicals in spite of its massive defence by the Holy office. Several alternative views about the resurrection of the dead have been propounded by some twentieth-century Protestants and some notable Catholic theologians. Although the doctrine of purgatory has been approved and reaffirmed by several Church councils, the questions that still remain are： Is the doctrine of purgatory biblically justifiable？ Does the work of salvation extend beyond the grave？ This study attempts to find answers to these questions. The study therefore surveys the doctrine of purgatory in the light of the biblical teachings about death. The second section surveys the background to the doctrine with reference to Judaism, the Apocrypha, the New Testament, the Church Fathers, and Church Councils. The third section looks at the nature of purgatory, the duration and the nature of the punishment meted out to those who go to purgatory and how souls are released from purgatory. The fourth section also examines the biblical teaching on death. The study concludes that the doctrine of purgatory is based on tradition rather than the Bible. The Bible emphasizes the finality of one＇s destiny in this life rather than after this life.展开更多
Wind loading is a dominant factor for design of a cable-membrane structure. Three orthogonal turbulent components, including the longitudinal, lateral and vertical wind velocities, should be taken into account for the...Wind loading is a dominant factor for design of a cable-membrane structure. Three orthogonal turbulent components, including the longitudinal, lateral and vertical wind velocities, should be taken into account for the wind loads. In this study, a stochastic 3D coupling wind field model is derived by the spectral representation theory. The coherence functions of the three orthogonal turbulent components are considered in this model. Then the model is applied to generate the three correlated wind turbulent components. After that, formulae are proposed to transform the velocities into wind loads, and to introduce the modified wind pressure force. Finally, a wind-induced time-history response analysis is conducted for a 3D cable-membrane structure. Analytical results indicate that responses induced by the proposed wind load model are 10%-25% larger than those by the con- ventional uncorrelated model, and that the responses are not quite influenced by the modified wind pressure force. Therefore, we concluded that, in the time-history response analysis, the coherences of the three orthogonal turbulent components are necessary for a 3D cable-membrane structure, but the modified wind pressure force can be ignored.展开更多
If new developments in Chinese philosophy in contemporary China mean displaying the contemporariness of Chinese philosophy, then we need to understand what this term means. Contemporariness is not a purely historical ...If new developments in Chinese philosophy in contemporary China mean displaying the contemporariness of Chinese philosophy, then we need to understand what this term means. Contemporariness is not a purely historical concept but one from historical philosophy. It differs from both modernity and postmodernity, occurring and being present simultaneously with our immediate existing. Since contemporary Chinese philosophy represents the unfolding of Chinese philosophy in its contemporariness, this means that contemporary Chinese philosophy occurs in the circumstances of ottr immediate existing and is moreover present simultaneously with contemporary Western and Marxist philosophy. This provides the common ground that makes dialogue between them possible.展开更多
We consider a class of stochastic Boussinesq equations driven by L6vy processes and establish the uniqueness of its invariant measure. The proof is based on the progressive stopping time technique.
文摘When it comes to the afterlife, Seventh-day Adventists advocate ＂soul sleep＂ condition, in which the dead person is in some sort of suspended state until the final judgment. On the other hand, many Evangelical Christians believe that the dead go directly to Heaven to be with the Lord. But in Roman Catholicism, purgatory is considered as the place where most dead believers expiate their remaining sins before entering the visible presence of God. This doctrine has been criticized extensively both by Catholics and Evangelicals in spite of its massive defence by the Holy office. Several alternative views about the resurrection of the dead have been propounded by some twentieth-century Protestants and some notable Catholic theologians. Although the doctrine of purgatory has been approved and reaffirmed by several Church councils, the questions that still remain are： Is the doctrine of purgatory biblically justifiable？ Does the work of salvation extend beyond the grave？ This study attempts to find answers to these questions. The study therefore surveys the doctrine of purgatory in the light of the biblical teachings about death. The second section surveys the background to the doctrine with reference to Judaism, the Apocrypha, the New Testament, the Church Fathers, and Church Councils. The third section looks at the nature of purgatory, the duration and the nature of the punishment meted out to those who go to purgatory and how souls are released from purgatory. The fourth section also examines the biblical teaching on death. The study concludes that the doctrine of purgatory is based on tradition rather than the Bible. The Bible emphasizes the finality of one＇s destiny in this life rather than after this life.
基金Project (No. 2004Z3-E0351) supported by the Guangzhou Scientificand Technological Research Project, China
文摘Wind loading is a dominant factor for design of a cable-membrane structure. Three orthogonal turbulent components, including the longitudinal, lateral and vertical wind velocities, should be taken into account for the wind loads. In this study, a stochastic 3D coupling wind field model is derived by the spectral representation theory. The coherence functions of the three orthogonal turbulent components are considered in this model. Then the model is applied to generate the three correlated wind turbulent components. After that, formulae are proposed to transform the velocities into wind loads, and to introduce the modified wind pressure force. Finally, a wind-induced time-history response analysis is conducted for a 3D cable-membrane structure. Analytical results indicate that responses induced by the proposed wind load model are 10%-25% larger than those by the con- ventional uncorrelated model, and that the responses are not quite influenced by the modified wind pressure force. Therefore, we concluded that, in the time-history response analysis, the coherences of the three orthogonal turbulent components are necessary for a 3D cable-membrane structure, but the modified wind pressure force can be ignored.
文摘If new developments in Chinese philosophy in contemporary China mean displaying the contemporariness of Chinese philosophy, then we need to understand what this term means. Contemporariness is not a purely historical concept but one from historical philosophy. It differs from both modernity and postmodernity, occurring and being present simultaneously with our immediate existing. Since contemporary Chinese philosophy represents the unfolding of Chinese philosophy in its contemporariness, this means that contemporary Chinese philosophy occurs in the circumstances of ottr immediate existing and is moreover present simultaneously with contemporary Western and Marxist philosophy. This provides the common ground that makes dialogue between them possible.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10971225 and 11101427)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant No. 11JJ3004)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State the Ministry of Education of China
文摘We consider a class of stochastic Boussinesq equations driven by L6vy processes and establish the uniqueness of its invariant measure. The proof is based on the progressive stopping time technique.
