“原人”，是否传统文论的核心精神？（专题讨论）

从20世纪90年代起，笔者在探讨“中国古代文学理论体系”的过程中，深感中国古代文学理论体系的核心就是以人为本原．从而拈出了“原人”两字来概括中国古代文论体系的基本品格和核心精神，出版了《原人论》一书(复旦大学出版社2000年5月出版)。在中国古代思想文化史上，一般认为唯有“道”字才可称为中国哲学的最高范畴，最具统摄意义。在文学枇评史方面，“原道”思想早在苟子、扬雄的著作中已经略见端倪，后经《文心雕龙》开宗明义第一篇《原道》加以阐发和强调之后，历代文论家大都将此奉为圭臬，影响了文坛千余年。然而，“道”究竟是什么?历来众说纷纭，“各道其所道”。因此，关于文学本原的问题并没有加以集中和解决。笔者在《原人论》中指出，各家之道尽管有这样那样的差异，但都离不开“人”，可谓条条“道”路最终都通向了“人”。中国文论中的“原道”，归根到底就是“原人”，它体现在心化、生命化、实用化三个层面上。

对“原人论”中“原人”一语的质疑

中国古代文论研究长期以来一直面临着尴尬的局面：一方面，人们从那些感悟式片羽鳞光中得到心灵的启发、审美的愉悦；另一方面，在西方强势话语和严密体系面前又不得不感慨“中国没有理论”。于是，如何在国际话语环境下重构中国古代文论的理论品格，便成为萦绕在人们心头的一件当务之急。然而，由于中国古代文论与西方文论间存在着巨大的差异。

“原人文学论”深化研究之思考

回顾近百年的古代文论研究，纵向批评史的撰写一直主宰研究局面。这种按文论发展自然顺序来表述文论过程形态的研究，很难从宏观角度对古代文论的本质特性进行提炼概括。因而，横向文论体系的建构及对古代文论本质精神的提炼，愈来愈成为古代文论研究界的当务之急。黄霖教授提出的“原人文学论”及以此论为核心而建构的古代文学理论体系，在很大程度上缓解了这种当务之急。因为它标志着新世纪古代文论研究由史向论的转向，并且是转向研究的一个重大成果。但是，由于古代文论本身的丰富复杂性，以一种观点来构建它宏大深博的思想体系。

Skin care efficacy study of recombinant humanized collagen based on in vitro level

Studying the skin care efficacy of recombinant humanized collagen based on in vitro level.The stability of the recombinant humanized collagen was first analyzed by treating at different temperatures,then its skincare efficacy based on in vitro level was evaluated by detecting the inhibition rate of elastase,the inhibition rate of collagenase,the protein content of type I collagen in human fibroblasts,the inhibition of reactive oxygen species(ROS)with human keratinocytes,and the effects of the recombinant humanized collagen on the expression of hyaluronic acid(HA),filaggrin(FLG)and transglutaminase 1(TGM1)in keratinocytes.The results showed that recombinant humanized collagen was able to maintain stability at temperatures below 70℃.With regard to its skincare efficacy,recombinant humanized collagen could inhibit elastase and collagenase activities and promote the increase of type I collagen content in human fibroblasts.It also showed good inhibition of ROS in keratinocytes in vitro and could increase the expression of HA,FLG,and TGM1 in keratinocytes.In short,the recombinant humanized collagen exhibited a favourable skin care effect in vitro level.This study proved that it has potential firming,anti-wrinkle,moisturizing,and repairing efficacy,and is a valuable cosmetic raw material.

印度古典文艺理论的“原人”范畴与话语衍生

出自《梨俱吠陀》的"原人"意象对印度民族的思维方式和文化性格产生了深刻的影响。它被古代印度宗教哲学家和古典梵语文艺理论家反复阐释和不断化用。本文重点关注"原人"范畴的生成发展与传播变异,既对印度古典文艺理论中的"原人"范畴的科际衍生进行考察,也尝试探索"原人"论所体现的印度古典文艺理论话语特征及民族特色。

“长河”的生态美与生态智慧

论文尝试从生态批评的角度重新理解沈从文作品中所蕴含的与同时代不相谐调的另类因素。沈从文审美感受和审美表达的"原人"特色,代表了某种人类被都市现代文明磨损消耗以前的对待自然的本真方式。这不仅使他笔下的"长河"生态呈现出人与自然多层次和谐的生态美,而且还处处表现出深刻的生态智慧。生态批评对沈从文的追认,其合法性根源埋藏在苗族民间传说赋予沈从文平视有生无生的民族无意识。民族无意识中所包含的反人类中心主义的精神基调,决定了沈从文的创作必然超逸出"五四"新文学的人道主义范畴,从而使沈从文作品的人道关怀表现出了有别于时代主流的别样面貌。

Study on Artificial Propagation Techniques for Glyptosternum maculatum in Tibet

This study aimed to explore artificial propagation techniques for Glyptosternum maculatum that is endemic in the Yarlung Zangbo River. Total 86 female fish in weight of 0.065-0.250 kg were selected, and the average weight of every 15 fish was 0.30 kg. Oxytocic drugs were injected into the base of pectoral fins of the female fish. The results showed that the total amount of female fish with artificial insemination was 59. The gloss weight of the fertilized eggs was 897.5 g with total amount of 57 440, thus the average fecundity was 1 194 eggs/fish. The fecundity showed a positive correlation with body weight （P〈0.01）. The average induction ratio and fertilization rate were 69% and 73.5%, respectively. The optimum water temperature for hatching of the fertilized eggs was 13-14 ℃ with dissolved oxygen of 6.0- 7.2 mg/L. The accumulated temperature for embryonic development of G. maculatum ranged from 2 592 to 2 916℃·h. This set of completely artificial propagation techniques has a very important significance for the artificial breeding of G. maculatum.

Synthesis of Citrinin Artificial Antigen and Its Coupling Ratio Determination

[Objective] This study was to establish a method for the rapid and accurate detection of the coupling ratio of artificial antigen. [Method] Artificial synthetic antigen of citrinin （CIT） was first conjugated with vector protein bovine serum albumin （BSA） and then identified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis,and its coupling ratio was measured by UV absorption and mass spectrometry. [Result] The identification result showed that artificial antigen of CIT was successfully coupled,and the coupling ratio was 8.4 by UV absorption while 6.0 by mass spectrometry. [Conclusion] The comparison experiment showed that mass spectrometry could rapidly identify the artificial antigen and accurately detect its coupling ratio. This study provided basis for the preparation of CIT antigen as well as the establishment of an for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） for citrinin determination.

Human Pro-insulin Transgenic Calf Derived from Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility of producing a human pro-insulin transgenic cow by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer （SCNT）. A double selection system, Neomycin resistance （Neo^r） gene and enhanced green fluorescent protein （EGFP） gene linked through an inner ribosomal entry site （IRES） sequence directed by a Cytomegalovirus （CMV） promoter, was used for enrichment and selection of the transgenic cells and preimplantation embryos. Transgenes were introduced into bovine fetal fibroblast cells （BFF） cultured in vitro through electroporation （900 V/cm, 5 ms）. Transgenic bovine fibroblast cells （TBF） were enriched through addition of G418 in culture medium （800 μg/mL）. Before being used as a nuclear donor, the TBF cells were either cultured in normal conditions （10% FBS） or treated with serum starvation （0.5% FBS for 2-4 days） followed by 10 hours recovery for G1 phase synchronization. Transgenic cloned embryos were produced through GFP-expressing cell selection and SCNT. The results were the percentage of blastocyst development following SCNT was lower using TBF than BFF cells （23.2% VS 35.2%, P 〈 0.05）. No difference in the percentage of cloned blastocysts between the two groups of transgenic nuclear donor of normal and starvation cultures were observed （23.2% VS 18.9%, P 〉 0.05）. Two to four GFP-expressing blastocysts were transferred into the uterus of each synchronised recipient. One pregnancy from of seven recipients （21 embryos） was confirmed by rectum palpation 60 days after embryo transfer and one recipient has given birth to a calf at term. PCR and DNA sequencing analysis confirmed that the calf was produced using human proinsulin transgenic animal.

从元曲异文看清声母入声字的归类

本文通过对元曲异文中清入声字和非清入声字所构成的异文进行分析,发现元曲异文中清入声字的归类与《中原音韵》的“清入归上”差距颇大。元曲异文中清入声字不仅可以跟阴平、阳平、上声、去声字分别构成异文,而且有些清入声字还具有一字多调的特性。本文的研究可以进一步证实周德清简单把清入声字归入上声类是一大失误。

Selective Effect of Qinghaosu on Different Stages of Plasmodium falciparum in Vitro

Using highly synchronous cultures of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro,the susceptibi- lity of the different stages of the intraerythrocytic parasites to Qinghaosu (QHS) was assessed.The anti- parasitic effect of QHS was measured by comparing the changes of irradiation of^3 H-hypoxanthine in- corporated into the nucleic acids of parasites exposed to various concentrations of QHS at different stages of growth.It was found that the trophozoite stage of the parasite was the most sensitive to QHS, whereas the early ring stage was the least sensitive,and the sensitivities of the late ring and schizont stages fell between those of the early ring and trophozoite stages.The results revealed the correlation of stage-dependent effects of QHS with the blockade of the protein metabolism of the parasite.

Screening of Deltamethrin Resistant Strain of Bombyx Mandarina

[ Objective ] The aim of the study was to explore the resistance development of deltamethrin through selection of dettamethrin resistant strain of wild silkworm （ Bombyx Mandarina）, thus providing the basis for scientific pesticide application and resistance management. [ Method] The wild silkworms collected from three different regions were reared indoors, and the sensitivity of their parents to deltamethrin was detected by topical application. The larvae in each generation were treated with deltamethdn in median lethal dose or so by.topical application. The mortality of larva was analyzed for the establishment of toxicity regression equations and the calculation of the multiple or increased multiple of deltamethdn resistance.[Result] After the Qidong Bornbyx Mandarina （YQD） fed with mulberry leaves were selected for three generations indoors, the multiple of deltamethdn resistance of F, was 14.26, 1.2 times as great as that of Fo ; after the Bombyx Mandarina from mulberry garden of Soochow University （YSD） fed with mulberry leaves were selected for three generations indoors, the multiple of deltamethrin resistance of F4 was 16.48, 1.9 times as great as that of Fo ; after the Wujiang Bombyx Mandarina （YWJ） fed with artificial diets were selected for three generations indoors during six generations, the multiple of deltamethrin resistance of Fe was 18.67, 1.2 times as great as that of Fo. [ Conclusioa] With the selection in same dose, the resistance multiple of YSD increases more rapidly than that of YQD; under double selection of artificial diets and insecticide, the resistance multiple of YWJ increases more slowly than that of YQD.

Presence of an Active Effiux System in the Fluoroquinolones Resistance of Mycoplasma Hominis

Objective: To investigate the possible presence ofan active efflux system in resistance tofluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma hominis. Methods: The resistant strains of M. hominis wereselected from one hundred and three clinical strainsof M. hominis by broth microdilution method. The ac-cumulation of ciprofloxacin in M. hominis and the in-fluence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone(CCCP) and reserpine were measured by a fluores-cence method. Results: Two resistant strains and two susceptiblestrains of M. hominis were selected in vitro. The accu-mulation of ciprofloxacin for resistant strains is lowerthan that of susceptible strains. CCCP and reserpinehad different influence on clinical strains of M.hominis. Reserpine could dramatically increase theaccumulation of ciprofloxacin, however CCCP had alittle effect on it. Conclusion: These results suggest that the pres-ence of an active efflux system implicated in thefluoroquinolones-resistant in M. hominis.

Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of P23 Major Surface Protein Gene from Theileria sergenti

[Objective] The aim was to study cloning and prokaryotic expression of P23 major surface protein gene of Theileria sergenti. [Method] A pair of specific primers was designed according to the sequence of P23 major surface protein of T. sergenti (D84447).The P23 gene was amplified by PCR from genomic DNA of T. sergenti and cloned into pMD18-T vector to construct recombinant clonal vector pMD18-P23. Positive clones were identified by PCR screening and restriction digestion. A recombinant expression plasmid pGEX-4T-P23 was constructed by subcloning the cloned P23 gene into the linearized pGEX-4T-1 vector and transformed into E. coli BL21. After introduction by IPTG,the expressed fusion protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting. [Result] The cloned gene has a total length of 507 bp. Sequencing result showed that the nucleotide sequence of the cloned P23 gene shared 99.4% identity with that of P23 published in GenBank (D84447). The expressed fusion protein was 46 ku in molecular mass. Induction opportunity of zhours after culture inoculation was the best,the induction time of 6 h was the best,and induction temperature of 34 ℃ was the best as well,IPTG of 1 mmol/L had little effect on the expression. Western-blotting indicated that recombinant protein was recognized by specific antibody. [Conclusion] This study would lay a foundation for further research on the prevention and diagnose of T. sergenti.

Susceptibilities of Mycoplasma Hominis and Ureaplasma Urealyticum to Fluoroquinolones

Objectives: To determine the susceptibilities of M.hominis and U. urealyticum to fluoroquinolones forthe instruction of reasonable clinical application ofantibiotics.Method: The susceptibilities of M. hominis and U.urealyticum to six fluoroquinolones were determinedby the broth dilution method.Results: Sparfloxacin and gatifloxacin were veryactive with MIC50S of 0.03125 and 0.25 μg/ml againstM. hominis, 0.25 and 0.5 μg/ml against U. urealyticum,respectively. Levofloxacin and ofloxacin had MIC50S of1 μg/ml and 2 μg/ml, respectively against both species.Norfloxacin was less effective against both species at16 and 32 μg/ml. Ciprofloxacin was unusual in thatthe MIC50S varied fourfold between species, with 2 μg/ml against M. hominis and 8 μg/ml against U.urealyticum.Conclusions: The results can provide useful infor-mation for selecting fluoroquinolones for treatmentof urogenital mycoplasma infections.

Analysis to the Driving Force Model and Driving Factor on the Utilized Changes of Cultivated Land in Gonghe County

Using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land in Gonghe County, and using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to inspect the effect of driving changing on cultivated land change under different change situations. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed from the county territory scale level. At last, some corresponding policies and measures were put forward.

Process Control for Production of Human-like Collagen in Fed-batch Culture of Escherichia coli BL 21

Recombinant E. coli BL 21 was cultivated in high cell density to produce human-like collagen. The effects of the feeding of nitrogen source, controlled by an auto on/off-feeding mode with two different cycles of 0.5min and 4min intervals, oxygen-enrichment methods and inducement strength on the cell yield and human-like collagen production were investigated. The studies showed that nitrogen source feeding in fast cycle could result in higher human-like collagen production than that in slow cycle; and the feedback regulation of glucose, increase of the pressure of fermentation bioreactor, and supply of oxygen-enriched air could all increase cell yield and human-like collagen production. The effects of inducement strength on protein expression were found important. When OD600 reached 90-100, the cultivation temperature was increased to 42℃ to begin induction for 2-3 h, and then shifted to 39℃ for 5-6h induction, the cell density and human-like collagen production could reach 96g·L-1 [DCW (dry cell mass)] and 19.8% (g·g-1 DCW) respectively.

《文心雕龙》的注释翻译应注意吸收已有的研究成果

近年《文心雕龙》的翻译注释著作不少,但发现一些本来已经接近原意的研究成果却没有被注意吸收,结果抄来抄去距离原意反而越来越远。这就影响了对原著的理解和把握,尤其一些关键文句的解读。如首篇《原道》首句“文之为德”及其后的“人文之元,肇自太极”的“太极”,本来早已有学者指出前者“德”应训“得道”,后者“太极”是指伏羲氏作八卦,并作了详细的辨析。但译注家均未注意,应引以为鉴。

INFLUENCE OF QUERCETIN AND X-RAY ON COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS OF CULTURED HUMAN KELOID-DERIVED FIBROBLASTS

Objoctive To investigate the effects of quercetin and X-ray on collagen synthesis of cultured human keloid-derived fibroblast and the mechanism. Methods Collagen synthesis of cultured human keloid and normal fibroblasts were detected by hydroxyproline colorimetric analysis. Immunocytochemical staining was used to investigate collagen I and III expression, mRNA expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and transforming growth factor （ TGF）-β1 were assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and real-time PCR. Results Quercetin inhibited the collagen synthesis of both keloid and normal fibroblasts in a dose-dependent man- ner. Immunocytochemical staining indicated that collagenⅠ and Ⅲ were down-regulated by quercetin and X-ray （P 〈 0.05 ）, particularly collagen I （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. mRNA expression of both collagen I and III in quercetin groups significantly decreased compared with that in control group （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, especially in the group treated with both quercetin and X-ray （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. mRNA level of TGF-[31 gene was down-regulated by quercertin （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Quercetin will probably be one of the new medicines which could effectively treat keloid. Quercetin combined with X-ray could reduce the dose of radiation.

Memory consolidation during sleep and adult hippocampal neurogenesis

In anticipation of the massive burden of neurodegenerative disease within super-aged societies, great efforts have been made to utilize neural stem and progenitor cells for regenerative medicine. The capacity of intrinsic neural stem and progenitor cells to regenerate damaged brain tissue remains unclear, due in part to the lack of knowledge about how these newly born neurons integrate into functional circuitry. As sizable integration of adult-born neurons naturally occurs in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus, clarifying the mechanisms of this process could provide insights for applying neural stem and progenitor cells in clinical settings. There is convincing evidence of functional correlations between adult-born neurons and memory consolidation and sleep; therefore, we describe some new advances that were left untouched in our recent review.