燃煤城市及其周边地区“双代”后大气环境颗粒物的化学特征

2020年10月,燃煤工业城市邯郸市完成“气代煤”、“电代煤”工程。为研究“双代”工程后细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的化学特征,采集2018—2020年邯郸市冬季4次污染过程以及2020年其周边地区(魏县和鸡泽县)冬季1次大气污染过程PM_(2.5)样品,进行水溶性离子和碳质气溶胶分析。结果显示,相较于2015年“双代”工程实施初期,2020年邯郸市冬季PM_(2.5)质量浓度下降40.8%,表明“双代”工程的实施,使邯郸市空气质量得到有效的改善。4次污染过程中邯郸市PM_(2.5)呈碱性,平均质量浓度分别为(153.9±97.7),(164.5±78.7),(137.3±72.9)和(161.8±84.3)μg/m^(3),魏县和鸡泽县PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为(123.5±47.3)和(124.5±53.4)μg/m^(3)。水溶性离子分析显示,SNA(NH4+,NO_(3)-和SO42-)质量浓度最高,占水溶性离子总质量浓度的85.3%~90.0%。相较于邯郸市2016年冬季,“双代”工程后作为燃煤示踪物的Cl-质量浓度下降48.0%,表明“双代”工程取得良好成效。NO_(3)-与SO42-质量浓度比显示,移动源(汽车尾气)的贡献高于固定源(燃煤)。碳质气溶胶分析显示,总碳(TC)在邯郸市PM_(2.5)中占比下降55.2%。邯郸市、魏县和鸡泽县有机碳(OC)与元素碳(EC)质量浓度比均大于2,表明存在二次有机碳(SOC)污染。相关性分析与主成分分析结果显示,“双代”工程实施过程中邯郸市碳质气溶胶主要来源由燃煤、汽车尾气逐渐转变为生物质燃烧。通过潜在源分析,邯郸市、魏县和鸡泽县主要潜在源区为山西中部、山东西北部以及河南北部。

扎实做好基层宣传 助力污染防治攻坚战——河北保定高碑店市“双代”工作调研报告

河北保定是全国空气污染重灾区。2016年、2017年,保定高碑店市党委政府坚决执行党中央决策部署,在2017年采暖期到来前在全市如期完成10万余户“气代煤”“电代煤”(以下简称“双代”)工程,彻底改变当地祖祖辈辈烧煤的习惯,空气质量明显改善,为5年来最好。本文基于由高碑店市市委办干部、乡镇副书记、宣传委员等组成的调研组在高碑店14个乡镇办事处120余个村庄实地调研的结果,总结了高碑店市“双代”工作基层宣传在思想动员、政策解读、民意沟通、疑虑消解、矛盾化解等方面取得的经验,为全国其他地区有效推进“双代”工作提供思路和借鉴。

Enhancing Na^(+) diffusion dynamics and structural stability of O3-NaMn_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)O_(2)cathode by Sc and Zn dual-substitution

Sc and Zn were introduced into O3-NaMn_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)O_(2)(NaMN)using the combination of solution combustion and solid-state method.The effect of Sc and Zn dual-substitution on Na^(+) diffusion dynamics and structural stability of NaMN was investigated.The physicochemical characterizations suggest that the introduction of Sc and Zn broaden Na^(+) diffusion channels and weaken the Na—O bonds,thereby facilitating the diffusion of sodium ions.Simulations indicate that the Sc and Zn dual-substitution decreases the diffusion barrier of Na-ions and improves the conductivity of the material.The dual-substituted NaMn_(0.5)Ni_(0.4)Sc_(0.04)Zn_(0.04)O_(2)(Na MNSZ44)cathode delivers impressive cycle stability with capacity retention of 71.2%after 200 cycles at 1C and 54.8%after 400 cycles at 5C.Additionally,the full cell paired with hard carbon anode exhibits a remarkable long-term cycling stability,showing capacity retention of 64.1%after 250 cycles at 1C.These results demonstrate that Sc and Zn dual-substitution is an effective strategy to improve the Na^(+) diffusion dynamics and structural stability of NaMN.

Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Plasma Metabolites and Osteoporosis:A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study

Objective To investigate the causal relationships between plasma metabolites and osteoporosis via Mendelian randomization(MR) analysis.Methods Bidirectional MR was used to analyze pooled data from different genome-wide association studies(GWAS). The causal effect of plasma metabolites on osteoporosis was estimated using the inverse variance weighted method, intersections of statistically significant metabolites obtained from different sources of osteoporosis-related GWAS aggregated data was determined, and then sensitivity analysis was performed on these metabolites. Heterogeneity between single nucleotide polymorphisms was evaluated by Cochran's Q test. Horizontal pleiotropy was assessed through the application of the MR-Egger intercept method and the MRPRESSO method. The causal effect of osteoporosis on plasma metabolites was also evaluated using the inverse variance weighted method. Additionally, pathway analysis was conducted to identify potential metabolic pathways involved in the regulation of osteoporosis.Results Primary analysis and sensitivity analysis showed that 77 and 61 plasma metabolites had a causal relationship with osteoporosis from the GWAS data in the GCST90038656 and GCST90044600 datasets, respectively. Five common metabolites were identified via intersection. X-13684 levels and the glucose-to-maltose ratio were negatively associated with osteoporosis, whereas glycoursodeoxycholate levels and arachidoylcarnitine(C20) levels were positively associated with osteoporosis(all P < 0.05). The relationship between X-11299 levels and osteoporosis showed contradictory results(all P < 0.05). Pathway analysis indicated that glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were participated in the development of osteoporosis.Conclusion We found a causal relationship between plasma metabolites and osteoporosis. These results offer novel perspectives with important implications for targeted metabolite-focused interventions in the management of osteoporosis.

Bi-level model for shared parking decision-making based on parking lot assignment simulation

In order to carry out comprehensive decision-making of multi-class shared parking measures within a region, a bilevel model assisting decision-making is proposed. The upper level selects parkers＇ average satisfaction and the violation rate during peak hours as indices in object function, and sets probability distribution models describing dynamic parking demand of each site, the feasibility of shared parking scenarios and occupancy requirements during peak hours of each parking lot as restrictions. The simulation model in the lower level sets up rules to assign each parker in the random parking demand series to the proper parking lot. An iterative method is proposed to confirm the state of each parking lot at the start of formal simulations. Besides, two patterns linking initialization and formal simulation are presented to acquire multiple solutions. The results of the numerical examples indicate the effectiveness of the model and solution methods.

Multi-scale seismic full waveform inversion in the frequency-domain with a multi-grid method

Although full waveform inversion in the frequency domain can overcome the local minima problem in the time direction, such problem still exists in the space direction because of the media subsurface complexity. Based on the optimal steep descent methods, we present an algorithm which combines the preconditioned bi-conjugated gradient stable method and the multi-grid method to compute the wave propagation and the gradient space. The multiple scale prosperity of the waveform inversion and the multi-grid method can overcome the inverse problems local minima defect and accelerate convergence. The local inhomogeneous three-hole model simulated results and the Marmousi model certify the algorithm effectiveness.

Development of Studies on RNA Interference

RNA interference （RNAi）, caused by endogenous or exogenous double- stranded RNA （dsRNA） homologous with target genes, refers to gene silencing widely existing in animals and plants. It was first found in plants, and now it has developed into a kind of biotechnology as well as an important approach in post- genome era. This paper is to summarize the achievements of studies on RNAi tech- nology in basic biology, medicine, pharmacy, botany and other fields.

Duality theorem for smash coproduct over quantum groupoids

The duality theorem of generalized weak smash coproducts of weak module coalgebras and comodule coalgebras over quantum groupoids is studied.Let H be a weak Hopf algebra,C a left weak H-comodule coalgebra and D a left weak H-module coalgebra.First,a weak generalized smash coproduct C×lH D over quantum groupoids is defined and the module and comodule structures on it are constructed.The weak generalized right smash coproduct C×rL D is similar.Then some isomorph-isms between them are obtained.Secondly,by introducing some concepts of a weak convolution invertible element,a weak co-inner coaction and a strongly relative co-inner coaction,a sufficient condition for C×rH D to be isomorphic to Cv D is obtained,where v∈WC（C,H）and the coaction of H on D is right strongly relative co-inner.Finally,the duality theorem for a generalized smash coproduct over quantum groupoids,（C×lH H）×lH H≌Cv（H×lH H）,is obtained.

Structure theorem for Hopf group-coalgebra

Let π be a group with a unit 1; H is a Hopf π- coalgebra and A is a right π-H-comodule algebra. First, the notion of a two-sided relative （A, H）-Hopf π-comodule is introduced; then it is obtained that Hom A H （M, N） H and HOMA（M, N） are isomorphic as right Hopf π-H-comodules, where Hom A H（M, N） denotes the space of right A-module fight H-comodule morphisms and HOMa （M, N） denotes the rational space of a space Hom A（M, N） of right A-module morphisms. Secondly, the structure theorem of endomorphism algebras of two-sided relative （A, H）-Hopf π--comodules is established; that is, End A H （M）#H and END A（M, N） are isomorphic as fight Hopf π-H-comodules and algebras.

Agronomic Trait and Protein Component of F_2 Hybrid Originated from Intergeneric Somatic Hybridization Between Triticum aestivum and Agropyron elongatum

Protoplasts derived from common wheat (Triticum aestivum L,. cv. Jinan 177) were fused with UV-treated protoplasts of Agropyron elongatum. (Host) Nevski by PEG method, and fertile asymmetric somatic hybrid plants resembling wheat morphology were obtained. The F-2 hybrid plants could be divided into 3 types according to their morphology. Type I hybrids had high and loosely standing stalks with big spikes and grains. Type ii hybrids were dwarf and compact in shape with high tillering ability and smaller spikes. Type III hybrids were similar to type I as a whole but had more compact and erect spikes. All the F-2 hybrid lines were superior to wheat in seed protein content, although some difference existed between themselves. Protein analysis of immature embryos and flag leaves from hybrids by two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that they possessed characteristic proteins of both parents and some new proteins. There existed also some different kinds of proteins in different lines.

Pharmacokinetics and Relative Bioavailability ofsustained-release Tablets of Diclofenac Sodiumin Male Volunteers

The pharmacokinetics of a sustained- release formulation and an enteric- coated tablet of diclofenac sodium were studied on 8 healthy male volunteers in an open,randomized crossover study.Drug level in serum was assayed by HPLC method.The changes in serum concentration were conformed to a l-compartment open model.The t_1/2 (Ke)averaged 2.15±0.17 and ll.60 ± l.95 h,and the areas under the drug concentration curves were 5.87 ± 0.67 and 5.55 ± 0.57μgh/ml for enteric-coated and sustained-release tablet of diclofenac sodium,respectively. The mean relative bioavailability of sustained-release tablet was 0.95 to that of enteric-coated tablet.

Fragmentation Patterns of Diquaternary Dipiperaziniums Containing Dithiocarboxy lGroups by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Aim To analyze the fragmentation patterns of diquaternary dipiperaziniumscontaining dithiocarboxyl groups. Methods Positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry inconjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS^n) was used. Results The fragment ion [M^(2+) Cl^-]^+ showed characteristic double peaks with high intensity instead of the parent molecular ionbeing detected. And [M^(2+) - CH_3^+ ]^+ ion had relatively low intensity. Meanwhile, [M^(2+) Cl^- -Cl^- - PhCH_2^+ ]^+ species had the highest intensity as the base peak, which was originated from[M^(2+) Cl^- ]^+, The detailed fragmentation mechanisms are supported with the tandem massspectrometry.

Hom-dimodules and FRT theorem of Hom type

In order to study the deformation of algebras the notions of Hom-algebras are introduced.The Hom-algebra is a generalization of the classical associative algebra.First the Hom-type generalization of dimodules which is called the Hom-dimodule is introduced and its properties are discussed Moreover the category of Hom-dimodules in connection with the Hom D-equation R12 R23 =R23 R12 for R∈Endk M⊙M and a Hom-module M is investigated.Some solutions of the Hom D-equation from Hom-dimodules over Hom-bialgebras are given and the FRT-type theorem is constructed in the category of Hom-dimodules. The results generalize and improve the FRT-type theorem in the category of dimodules.

Paired bialgebras and braided bialgebras

First, we present semisimple properties of twisted products by means of constructing an algebra isomorphism between twisted products and crossed products, and point out that there exist some relations among braided bialgebras, paired bialgebras and Yang-Baxter coalgebras. Furthermore, we give an example to illustrate these relations by using Sweedler's 4-dimensional Hopf algebra. Finally, from starting off with Yang-Baxter coalgebras, we can construct some quadratic bialgebras such that they are braided bialgebras.

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Bis-[oxo-bis(p-ferrocenylbenzoxy di-n-propyltin)](I) and Bis[oxo-bis(β-ferrocenoylpropionyloxy di-n-propyltin )](II)

Bis-[oxo-bis(p-ferrocenylbenzoxy di-n-propyltin)] I and bis-[oxo-bis(-ferrocenoyl- propionyloxy di-n-propyltin)] II were synthesized and their crystal structures have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound I2C6H6 ([(FcC6H4COOSnPr2)2O]22C6H6 or C92H108Fe4O10Sn42C6H6, Mr = 2384.16) is of triclinic, space group P?with a = 12.826(4), b = 13.099(5), c = 17.539(5) ? = 78.229(5), ?= 71.852(5), = 62.746(5)? V = 2483(1) ?, Z = 1, Dc = 1.490 g/cm3, = 0.71073 ? (MoK? =1.611 mm-1 and F(000) = 1128. The structure was refined to R = 0.0491 and wR = 0.1053 for 4690 unique reflections with I > 2(I). The compound IIC6H6 ([(FcCOCH2CH2COOSnPr2)2O]2C6H6 or C80H108Fe4O14Sn4C6H6, Mr = 2115.93) is of triclinic, space group P?with a = 11.260(4), b = 14.126(5), c = 15.961(6) ? = 91.400(6), = 110.654(6), = 104.931(6), V = 2277(1) 3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.510 g/cm3, = 0.71073 ? (MoK? = 1.750 mm-1 and F(000) = 1046. The structure was refined to R = 0.0466 and wR = 0.1138 for 5061 unique reflections with I > 2(I). The two compounds have the similar structures: both are dimers containing centrosymmetric Sn2O2 cores. But there are some differences in the ligating modes between the carboxylate groups and the Sn atoms.

Two kinds of B-basis of the algebraic hyperbolic space

In this paper, two new kinds of B-basis functions called algebraic hyperbolic （AH） Bézier basis and AH B-Spline basis are presented in the space Гk=span{ l,t ……f^k-3,sinht,cosht}, in which K is an arbitrary integer larger than or equal to 3. They share most optimal properties as those of the Bézier basis and B-Spline basis respectively and can represent exactly some remarkable curves and surfaces such as the hyperbola, catenary, hyperbolic spiral and the hyperbolic paraboloid. The generation of tensor product surfaces of the AH B-Spline basis have two forms： AH B-Spline surface and AH T-Spline surface.

On Filters of Double MS-algebras

Here some properties on filters of double MS-algebras are descripted. We show that,for a normal filter F of a double MS-algebra (L;0, + )(x,y) ∈θ(F) (a,b ∈ F) (x ∧α)∨b+= (y ∧ a)∨ b+.

A Realization of Yangian and Its Applications to the Bi—spin System in an External Magnetic Field

Yangian Y(sl(2)) is realized in the bi-spin system coupled with a time-dependent external magnetic field. It is shown that Y(sl(2)) generators can describe the transitions between the 'spin triplet' and the 'spin singlet' that evolve with time. Furthermore, new transition operators between the states with Berry phase factor and those between the states of nuclear magnetic resonance are presented.

Metabolites of baicalein 6,7-diacetate in rats

To investigate the metabolites of baicalein 6,7-diacetate in rats. HPLC-DAD and LC/MS^n methods were used to analyze the metabolites in intestinal tract and plasma after oral administration of baicalein 6,7-diacetate to rats. Baicalein 6,7-diacetate was degraded into baicalein 6-monoacetate and baicalein in rat intestinal tract, and four baicalein glucuronides, baicalein 6-0- glucuronide, baicalein 6-methoxyl-7-O-glucuronide, baicalein 6,7-di-O-glucuronide, and baicalein 6-O-glucose-7-O-glucuronide were detected and tentatively identified in rat plasma. This is the first time to report the metabolites of baicalein 6,7-diacetate in rats. Six metabolites were identified in rat intestinal tract and plasma.

Double Integrable Couplings and Their Constructing Method

To extend the study scopes of integrable couplings, the notion of double integrable couplings is proposed in the paper. The zero curvature equation appearing in the constructing method built in the paper consists of the elements of a new loop algebra which is obtained by using perturbation method. Therefore, the approach given in the paper has extensive applicable values, that is, it applies to investigate a lot of double integrable couplings of the known integrable hierarchies of evolution equations. As for explicit applications of the method proposed in the paper, the double integrable couplings of the AKNS hierarchy and the KN hierarchy are worked out, respectively.