Currently, there are a variety of researches on corrective feedback, especially on recasts. Most of researches are experiment-based and depend on the certain context. This paper addresses the question of ＂Is recast t...Currently, there are a variety of researches on corrective feedback, especially on recasts. Most of researches are experiment-based and depend on the certain context. This paper addresses the question of ＂Is recast the most effective form of corrective feedback？＂ by two of Second Language Acquisition （SLA） approaches： cognitive approach and sociolinguistic approach. Empirical research will be used as complement. Theoretically speaking, SLA hypotheses in cognitive approach exist disagreements. Interaction hypothesis favors recast while both input hypothesis and output hypothesis doubt the effectiveness of it. Sociolinguistic approach underscores the significance of appropriate and timely corrective feedback and does not give more credit to certain strategy. Both approaches provide the pedagogical implications and elements to take into account for adopting recasts.展开更多
AIM:To investigate usefulness of adherence to gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) guideline established by the Spanish Association of Gastroenterology.METHODS:Prospective,observational and multicentre study of 301 p...AIM:To investigate usefulness of adherence to gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) guideline established by the Spanish Association of Gastroenterology.METHODS:Prospective,observational and multicentre study of 301 patients with typical symptoms of GERD who should be managed in accordance with guidelines and were attended by gastroenterologists in daily practice.Patients(aged > 18 years) were eligible for inclusion if they had typical symptoms of GERD(heartburn and/or acid regurgitation) as the major complaint in the presence or absence of accompanying atypical symptoms,such as dyspeptic symptoms and/or supraesophageal symptoms.Diagnostic and therapeutic decisions should be made based on specific recommendations of the Spanish clinical practice guideline for GERD which is a widely disseminated and well known instrument among Spanish in digestive disease specialists.RESULTS:Endoscopy was indicated in 123(41%) patients:50 with alarm symptoms,32 with age > 50 years without alarm symptom.Seventy-two patients(58.5%) had esophagitis(grade A,23,grade B,28,grade C,18,grade D,3).In the presence of alarm symptoms,endoscopy was indicated consistently with recommendations in 98% of cases.However,in the absence of alarm symptoms,endoscopy was indicated in 33% of patients > 50 years(not recommended by the guideline).Adherence for proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) therapy was 80%,but doses prescribed were lower(half) in 5% of cases and higher(double) in 15%.Adherence regarding duration of PPI therapy was 69%;duration was shorter than recommended in 1%(4 wk in esophagitis grades C-D) or longer in 30%(8 wk in esophagitis grades A-B or in patients without endoscopy).Treatment response was higher when PPI doses were consistent with guidelines,although differences were not significant(95% vs 85%).CONCLUSION:GERD guideline compliance was quite good although endoscopy was over indicated in patients > 50 years without alarm symptoms;PPIs were prescribed at higher doses and longer duration.展开更多
By means of the continuation theorem of the coincidence degree theory,the existence of two periodic solutions of a delayed single species model with feedback regulation and harvest term is obtained.
This paper reviews important second language research on recasts in response to a recent debate between Goo and Mackey （2013） and Lyster and Ranta （2013） in the journal Studies in Second Language Acquisition. It b...This paper reviews important second language research on recasts in response to a recent debate between Goo and Mackey （2013） and Lyster and Ranta （2013） in the journal Studies in Second Language Acquisition. It begins by clarifying the definition of recasts and then examines several controversial issues featuring prominently in the debate, including the theoretical underpinnings of existing research on recasts, mixed findings about their effectiveness in language acquisition, and methodological concerns in effectiveness research. The primary aim of this paper is to demarcate common ground and disagreement that are emerging in this debate and, based on a synthesis and critique of previous empirical studies, to identify directions for future research. It also explores pedagogical implications of recasts research for English-as-a-foreign-language contexts.展开更多
文摘Currently, there are a variety of researches on corrective feedback, especially on recasts. Most of researches are experiment-based and depend on the certain context. This paper addresses the question of ＂Is recast the most effective form of corrective feedback？＂ by two of Second Language Acquisition （SLA） approaches： cognitive approach and sociolinguistic approach. Empirical research will be used as complement. Theoretically speaking, SLA hypotheses in cognitive approach exist disagreements. Interaction hypothesis favors recast while both input hypothesis and output hypothesis doubt the effectiveness of it. Sociolinguistic approach underscores the significance of appropriate and timely corrective feedback and does not give more credit to certain strategy. Both approaches provide the pedagogical implications and elements to take into account for adopting recasts.
文摘AIM:To investigate usefulness of adherence to gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) guideline established by the Spanish Association of Gastroenterology.METHODS:Prospective,observational and multicentre study of 301 patients with typical symptoms of GERD who should be managed in accordance with guidelines and were attended by gastroenterologists in daily practice.Patients(aged > 18 years) were eligible for inclusion if they had typical symptoms of GERD(heartburn and/or acid regurgitation) as the major complaint in the presence or absence of accompanying atypical symptoms,such as dyspeptic symptoms and/or supraesophageal symptoms.Diagnostic and therapeutic decisions should be made based on specific recommendations of the Spanish clinical practice guideline for GERD which is a widely disseminated and well known instrument among Spanish in digestive disease specialists.RESULTS:Endoscopy was indicated in 123(41%) patients:50 with alarm symptoms,32 with age > 50 years without alarm symptom.Seventy-two patients(58.5%) had esophagitis(grade A,23,grade B,28,grade C,18,grade D,3).In the presence of alarm symptoms,endoscopy was indicated consistently with recommendations in 98% of cases.However,in the absence of alarm symptoms,endoscopy was indicated in 33% of patients > 50 years(not recommended by the guideline).Adherence for proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) therapy was 80%,but doses prescribed were lower(half) in 5% of cases and higher(double) in 15%.Adherence regarding duration of PPI therapy was 69%;duration was shorter than recommended in 1%(4 wk in esophagitis grades C-D) or longer in 30%(8 wk in esophagitis grades A-B or in patients without endoscopy).Treatment response was higher when PPI doses were consistent with guidelines,although differences were not significant(95% vs 85%).CONCLUSION:GERD guideline compliance was quite good although endoscopy was over indicated in patients > 50 years without alarm symptoms;PPIs were prescribed at higher doses and longer duration.
基金Supported by the Science and Technical Foundation to Hubei University of Technology[2006(5)]
文摘By means of the continuation theorem of the coincidence degree theory,the existence of two periodic solutions of a delayed single species model with feedback regulation and harvest term is obtained.
文摘This paper reviews important second language research on recasts in response to a recent debate between Goo and Mackey （2013） and Lyster and Ranta （2013） in the journal Studies in Second Language Acquisition. It begins by clarifying the definition of recasts and then examines several controversial issues featuring prominently in the debate, including the theoretical underpinnings of existing research on recasts, mixed findings about their effectiveness in language acquisition, and methodological concerns in effectiveness research. The primary aim of this paper is to demarcate common ground and disagreement that are emerging in this debate and, based on a synthesis and critique of previous empirical studies, to identify directions for future research. It also explores pedagogical implications of recasts research for English-as-a-foreign-language contexts.
