论我国“反黑”刑事立法的缺陷及完善

我国现行“反黑”刑事立法存在严重缺陷:罪名不全,法律体系缺乏完备性。没有配置财产刑,致使黑社会性质组织犯罪无法从根本上杜绝。法定刑设置偏轻,不利于有效打击犯罪。为完善我国“反黑”法律体系,应在借鉴国外立法经验的同时,在完善实体法的基础上,确立“反黑”特别司法程序。同时,加强“反黑”的国际双边和多边司法合作。

“我们在为理想和信念而奋斗”——“反黑记者”王克勤的精神世界

“我们在为理想和信念而奋斗”是“反黑记者”王克勤的精神世界,其笔锋直指那些不合理的制度安排和程序设置,激起一股股耀眼的火花。

“反黑”风暴引起的法律思考

最近我国足球界的“打黑”行动．成了社会生活中火爆的“热点”和“亮点”。说“热点”．是因为人们见面．几乎都要谈及“黑球”、“黑哨”．有时争论得面红耳赤：说“亮点”．则是因为这里“新闻”不断，一天一变．甚至早晚“市价”不同，使得群众云里雾里．悬念丛生。

用“反黑精英”应对网络黑手

尽管网络带给我们不省便利，可是伴随而来的网络安全问题却让我们每天“提心吊胆”，特别是隐藏在网络各个角落的病毒，木马、黑客等等，让我们防不胜防！为了远离安全威胁，尽情享受网络给我们带来的快感，本文特意为你介绍如何巧用“反黑精英”（www.isecsoft.com/cngb)轻松应对各种网络“黑手”。

木马克星反黑精英

木马是我们网上安全的一大威胁，如何对付木马大家想了许多办法，使用木马查杀软件是一个不错的解决办法，这类软件有很多，如木马克星、The Cleaner等等许多许多。在这里向大家推荐一款国产防黑软件的精品——反黑精英。它可帮你杀除您的硬盘中的任何右能存在的破坏性程度，恢复被恶意程序破坏的注册表、被修改的IE参数，并对盗号木马进行特殊的免疫，绝对是木马的克星！

Determination of Optimum Conditions for Cell-wall Destruction of Auricularia auricula Mycelia under the Synergistic Effect of Ultrasonic Waves and Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles

We aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of ultrasonic waves and repeated freeze-thaw cycles on cel-wal destruction of Auricularia auric-ula mycelia, and determine the best combination of conditions for cel-wal destruc-tion of Auricularia auricula mycelia. [Method] The effects of destruction time, added water, destruction times, freeze time and number of freeze-thaw cycles during ultra-sonic treatment on polysaccharide yield were investigated by single-factor test in our research. The optimum conditions for cel-wal destruction of Auricularia auricula mycelia by the synergistic effect of ultrasonic waves and repeated freeze-thaw cycles were ascertained by orthogonal test. [Result] The results of single test indicated the best combination of conditions was as fol ows： freeze time, 30 min; destruction time, 20 min; added water, 15 times; destruction times, 2 times; number of freeze-thaw cycles, 3 cycles. The results of orthogonal test indicated the influencing factors ranked as destruction time 〉 destruction times 〉 freeze time. The best combination of conditions was as fol ows： freeze time, 30 min; destruction time, 25 min; destruc-tion times, 2 times. Under above conditions, the polysaccharide yield reached 57.76 mg/g. [Conclusion] This research would provide a basis and reference for practical production.

Establishment and Optimization of Rye-specific PCR Reaction System

[Objective] The aim was to establish the optimal rye-specific PCR reaction system for rye.[Method] The ordinary wheat ＂Chinese Spring＂,S165,rye,octoploid triticale and hexaploid triticale were used as materials to carry out study on the effect of the amount of template DNA,primers,dNTPs,Mg2＋ concentrations,Taq DNA polymerase and annealing temperature on the rye-specific PCR reaction system of rye.[Result] The genomic DNA extracted by modified CTAB DNA extraction method showed high quality,which was satisfied for the PCR reaction template.The rye-specific PCR reaction system was 25 μl,including 10 × buffer solution,1.5 mmol/L MgCl2,200 μmol/L dNTP,40 ng primers,40-60 ng DNA template and 1 U Taq DNA polymerase.[Conclusion] The optimal rye-specific PCR reaction system was established,which provided basis for the identification of exogenous germplasm of rye in wheat background.

足坛反黑的若干法律界定

2001年．中国足坛发生了一连串让人目不暇接的戏剧性事件：10月足协副主席阎世铎发出《治乱世要用重典》的治理足球环境宣言；随后中国足协公布对甲B五个球队的《处罚决定》，受罚的吉利集团宣布退出中国足坛，并在广州起诉状告中国足协名誉侵权．浙江绿城推波助澜揭出传闻已久的足坛贿金内幕；受贿裁判主动退赃；浙江体育局长以官方身份支持揭黑，一场本来属于球迷和娱记圈的局域事件和新闻，渐渐演变成了法律界人士、甚至政治媒体和立法人士、司法人士共同关注的大事件。这是媒体和行业反复互动推进黑幕调查和法制进步的经典案例．虽然发生在娱乐业．

Quantitative Analysis of Moisture Effect on Black Soil Reflectance

Several studies have demonstrated that soil reflectance decreases with increasing soil moisture content, or increases when the soil moisture reaches a certain content; however, there are few analyses on the quantitative relationship between soil reflectance and its moisture, especially in the case of black soils in northeast China. A new moisture adjusting method was developed to obtain soil reflectance with a smaller moisture interval to describe the quantitative relationship between soil reflectance and moisture. For the soil samples with moisture contents ranging from air-dry to saturated, the changes in soil reflectance with soil moisture can be depicted using a cubic equation. Both moisture threshold (MT) and moisture inflexion (MI) of soil reflectance can also be determined by the equation. When the moisture range was smaller than MT, soil reflectance can be simulated with a linear model. However, for samples with different soil organic matter (OM), the parameters of the linear model varied regularly with the OM content. Based on their relationship, the soil moisture can be estimated from soil reflectance in the black soil region.

Analysis and evaluation on seepage stability of Hongxing reservoir dam,Heilongjiang

Hongxing reservoir was constructed on the floodplain of Hulan River in Heilongjiang. The geological problem of the reservoir is the seepage of the dam base and its related seepage stability. The leakage of the reservoir is caused by the water head differences between the upstream and downstream of the dam. Severe seepage could decrease the engineering benefits of the reservoir. Moreover,infiltration function of water will influence the safety of the dam. Through the analysis on the granule constitute and the formation of the dam base,the types of the seepage failure apt to happen were defined and the anti-infiltration and the permissible depression ratio were determined. Using the numerical simulation software GMS,the two-dimension numerical modeling has been carried out to analyze the seepage field of the reservoir. Through the two conditions modeling with concrete impervious wall and no concrete impervious wall,the largest flow rate,single-wide seepage discharge and the max infiltration gradient of the dam base were calculated. According to the permeable depression ratio of the dam base,the seepage stability of Hongxing reservoir dam base was analyzed.

Investigation of the durability of a poly-p-phenylenediamine/carbon black composite for the oxygen reduction reaction

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials exhibiting high oxygen reduction reaction activity were prepared via the pyrolysis of a poly-p-phenylenediamine/carbon black composite. The as-synthesized cata- lyst showed excellent catalytic activity in alkaline solution, and outperformed commercial Pt/C in KOH solution （0.1 mol/L）, as demonstrated by the higher current density and the more positive half-wave potential. Scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption analyses indicated that a composite structure, in which the N-rich surface of the poly-p-phenylenediamine had an in- creased active center concentration and the high external surface area of the carbon black was conducive to the mass transport, is highly beneficial in terms of promoting the oxygen reduction reaction. However, the activity of this catalyst underwent an obvious decrease following exposure to air for 30 d. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the oxygen content in the catalyst was increased by prolonged air exposure. O ls spectrum showed increases in the C：O and C-O compo- nents, suggesting that atmospheric oxygen reacted with the catalyst. This oxidation leaded to the deactivation of active center, thus the catalytic activity decreased. Based on these results, the stabil- ity in air of nitrogen-doped carbon materials must be taken into consideration when assessing ap- plications as alternatives to platinum-based materials.

试论惩治黑社会犯罪的程序保障

面对黑社会犯罪日益猖獗的严峻态势 ,中国关于打击黑社会犯罪的立法仍尚处于初级阶段。而在程序法方面 ,打击黑社会 (性质 )组织方面的立法还仍是空白。程序立法对于“反黑”侦查工作的深入开展 ,以及黑社会犯罪的庭审定罪均有着极其重要的作用。本文便意在探讨我国“反黑”程序立法应确立的制度。

Numerical Investigation for the Effect of Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Addition on Precursors on Carbon Black

To investigate the effect of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons on PAHs （polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons） formation, numerical analysis using detailed reaction mechanism is performed. For the carbon black produced by benzene feedstock, three kinds of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons （acetylene, diacetylene, and vinylacetylene） are added. The detailed reaction mechanism which is proposed by Wang and Frenklach is consisted by 527 reactions and 99 chemical species. The formations of PAHs and nuclei are promoted by unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons addition. There exits optimal benzene/acetylene ratio （XA/XB = 0.50）, benzene/diacetylene mixture ratio （XD/XB = 0.60）, benzene/vinyl-acetylene mixture ratio （XV/XB = 0.25）. The formation of nuclei is most promoted by acetylene addition, and the benzene/acetylene mixture ratio is 0.50.

Electrochemical degradation of acidified reed pulp black liquor with three-dimensional electrode reactor

The electrochemical degradation of reed pulp black liquor containing lignin pretreated by acidification method was investigated using a three-dimensional electrode reactor. Using activated carbon as particle electrode, the effects of p H value, reaction temperature, electrolysis time and current on residual concentration of total organic carbon(TOC) were discussed in detail. The optimal conditions were obtained: pH 2.5, influent flow rate of 200 mL/min, 25 °C, 300 mA and 2h of electrolysis time, and the removal efficiency of TOC maintains at 35.57 %. The results of the electrochemical method indicate that ·OH radicals are produced in activated carbon anode in the electrolysis process and then adsorbed on the activated carbon surface. Microcell consists of ·OH radicals and the absorbed lignin. With the microcell reaction, the lignin is degraded, while the anodic polarized curve illustrates that the lignin is obviously oxidized in the anode. The contributions of direct and indirect electrolyses to the TOC removal ratio are about 50%, respectively.

Physiological Response of Hydrilla verticillata （I.f.） Royle Exposed to Cadmium Stress

Hydrilla verticillata （I.f.） Royle twigs were exposed to CdCI2 （50, 100, 200 and 500 BM） under continuous light for 48 hrs and the physiological parameters like photosynthetic pigment （chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids） contents, activities of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POX） along with lipid peroxidation level were determined. With respect to increase in Cd concentration in the medium and exposure duration, decrease in pigment contents, and decrease in the activities of SOD, CAT and POX were found. The increased levels of lipid peroxidation indicated the prevalence of oxidative stress situation in the tissues which might be one of the reasons behind Cd induced toxicity in Hydrilla verticillata. Since there was significant decrease in the activities of key antioxidative ezymes, the study suggests that Hydrilla verticillata may not be effective for phytoremediation of cadmium in these concentration ranges.

Thermal catalysis under dark ambient conditions in environmental remediation:Fundamental principles, development, and challenges

Thermal catalytic degradation of organic pollutants conducted in the dark at room temperature under atmospheric pressure without the need of external chemicals and energy sources has attracted a lot of attention over the last two decades. It provides unparalleled advantages over other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in treating domestic and industrial contaminated wastewater from the viewpoint of energy/chemical conservation and ease of operation. Rich knowledge has been accumulated in terms of the synthesis and application of thermal catalysts though controversies remain regarding their underlying mechanisms. This review sheds light on the proposed thermo- catalysis mechanism for the first time and presents the development of thermal catalysts under dark ambient conditions with a focus on catalyst materials, catalytic activity, and mechanism. The present review aims to provide mechanistic insights into the rational design of novel and efficient catalysts, and their underlying mechanisms as well as the emerging challenges and perspectives in thermo-catalysis under dark ambient conditions used for the practical and efficient treatment of contaminated wastewater.

Difference in DNA sequences in SSU rDNA variable regions among pathogens isola ted from different epidemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in China

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the existence of point mutations in the SSU rDNA variable regions of 5 Leishmania donovani (L.d.) isolates from different epidemic foci in China. METHODS: Specific SSU rDNA fragments from nuclear DNA of 7 Leishmania species/isolates were amplified by PCR and then cloned into pGEM(R)-T Easy Vectors. After that, the specific fragments were sequenced by an automated DNA sequencer. RESULTS: Sequence analysis showed that the amplified DNA fragments of 7 Leishmania species/isolates were all 392 bp in length. All 5 point mutations were located in two unique sequence blocks (UQ-I and UQ-II), and no insertions or deletions were found. The identities of comparison of Leishmania in GeneBank were more than 98%. CONCLUSION: Five point mutations exist in the SSU rDNA variable region of 5 L.d. isolates from different epidemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in China. Sequence differences of the SSU rDNA variable region exist among L.d. isolates from different foci.