偏旁“口”字的构形功能

在汉字演进的历史中,"口"字是一个活跃的构件,也是构形功能完备的构件,分析"口"字的构形功能对认识汉字构件的构形功能具有典型意义。"口"字的构形功能有五种:一是做象形字的构件;二是做会意字的构件;三是做形声字的形旁;四是做形声字的声旁;五是做形声字的标记。前四种是一般的构形功能,第五种是特殊的构形功能。

从音韵学角度审视京剧上口字

凡是京剧爱好者，都知道京剧有一个上口字的问题。什么是上口字昵?简而言之，就是在京剧唱念中与北京生活语言声、韵不同的字，被称为上口字。这些上口字字音的来源很复杂，有的是保留了古音，有的是吸收了地方方音。本文试图从音韵学的角度，以《中原音韵》为坐标，分析上口字字音的种类，参照《广韵》音系，揭示这些字音的来源，指出京剧演员和爱好者如何识别、运用上口字，并对上口字存在的意义作了阐述。

受限水声阵列阵型定位算法比较研究

空气信道中的阵列信号处理技术可以进行多个目标同时定位,经过适配后应用在水下信道中,可以实现水声定位。空间信号到达方向是阵列信号处理的重要环节,利用特征结构的子空间方法确定相同范围内一个或多个信号源的空间地理位置,常用的方法是MUSIC算法和ESPRIT算法。在工程实践中,多个阵元仅有有限路信号采集通道形成受限水声阵列,在受限水声阵列条件下,如何选取阵型,匹配相应算法,对水声定位结果至关重要。选择二维面阵,包括L阵型、双L阵型、均匀面阵型、“口”字阵型,用数据进行仿真验证,分析比较定位效果,结果表明不同阵型匹配相应算法,在定位精度或计算速度方面各有优缺点。针对不同工程需求,可以选取相应的阵型,对实践提供了有效的参考依据。

从谚解《老乞大》看北京官话文白异读和京剧“上口字”

谚解《老乞大》6个版本前后衔接,纵贯明清278年,以其独特方式记录了北京官话音系演变过程中新旧更替的一段历史。谚解《老乞大》左、右音显示的新旧、正俗并存的现象,就是“文白异读”。这种新旧更替,今已基本完成,曾经的此类“文白异读”亦消失殆尽,仅存若干“尾声”“遗存”。因不了解这段“文白异读”史,学界依据仅存的“尾声”归纳的相关“通行观点”,其立论是有先天缺陷的。本文旨在以谚解《老乞大》左、右音资料揭示北京话这一段“文白异读”史及其与京剧“上口字”的关系。

口字歌

“口”字是个神奇的小魔棒，能让很多字变成新模样！

当代大型字书《口部》疑难字新考

利用"形用义音序五者互相求"考字方法,对《汉语大字典·口部》《中华字海·口部》收录的部分疑难字进行了考释。认为"(口攴)(吱)" "㕽" "(口似)" "呮""■(■)""(噞刃)""(口妳)""■""(口蔡)""■""■"皆佛经文献音译字,无实义,《龙龛》收录此类"口边字"多有脱离佛经文献而援引字书、韵书为之说解,致使《龙龛》收录的佛经文献用字与佛经文献脱节者;"■"当是武周新字"君"所变;"■"当是"■"字所变;"■"有可能为"跡"字俗讹;"■"、"■"有可能为"咂"字俗讹;为"嘋"字补充了文献用例和用法。指出"呮"不同"跂"、"(噞刃)"不同"噞"、"(口隂)"不同"陰"、"■"不同"馨"、"㕽"非"(口似)"之省写、"(口妳)""(口蔡)"非"妳(奶)" "㗫"之增繁。

A study on the feasibility of CET oral test based on automatic essay marking

This paper discusses the approach to the CET （college English test） oral test based on automatic essay marking （AEM）. The reliability and validity arouses a dispute on Internet-based CET （iB-CET） oral test in China, leading to the penetration into oral test contents in dialogue, description or comment, and question answering. Then, a probe into transformation from a spoken document into a textual document is touched on a conversion ratio of 72% adopted at the present time, AEM to be carried forward being a necessary hypothesis for Afterwards, this paper focuses on the pipeline in AEM with the content features and the language itself, which is established in two different models in marking for extraction and detection. Through experiments, this paper reveals the fact that an iB-CET oral test can be performed perfectly in the pipeline of spoken documents transformed into textual documents which can be automatically marked. Hence the design of the iB-CET oral test reaches its reliability and validity.

Modelling Impact of Dredging and Dumping in Ebb-Flood Channel Systems

For a channel-shoal system in a funnel-shaped basin the impact of dredging and dumping is investigated using a complex process-based model. First, the residual flow and sediment transport circulations are analysed for the channel-shoal pattern, which has emerged after a longterm model simulation. Results are compared to the Western Scheldt estuary, which forms the inspiration for this study. Subsequently, different dredge and dump scenarios are modelled, according to a conceptual model, in which ebb- and flood-channels and enclosed shoals form morphodynamic units (cells) with their own sediment circulation. Model results show that dumping sediment in a channel further reduces the channel depth and induces erosion in the opposite channel, which enhances tilting of the cross-section of the cell and eventually can lead to the degeneration of a multiple channel system into a single channel. The impact of different dredging and dumping cases agrees with results from a stability analysis. This means that this type of model applied to a realistic geometry can potentially be used for better prediction of the impact of human interventions.

A New Browder Fixed Point Theorem in Noncompact Hyperconvex Metric Spaces and Its Applications to Section Questions and Intersection Questions

In this paper, a new Browder fixed point theorem is established in the noncompact sub-admissible subsets of noncompact hyperconvex metric spaces. As application, a Ky Fan section theorem and an intersection theorem are obtained.

Set methods of left-turn waiting zone at signalized intersection

To maximize the number of vehicles passing by the stop-line in a cycle and improve the operation efficiency of intersection in China, the settlement of left-turn lane waiting-zone is becoming prevailing. Based on conflicting-point method, the internal mechanism of left-turn flow after stopping line was analyzed through taking postposition left-turn lane waiting-zone intersection for instance. The relationship between the first left-turn vehicle and the last vehicle of previous phase passing the conflicting point was expounded. According to the time of successive arriving of two vehicle flows at conflicting-point, the reasonable layout for waiting area of left-turn vehicles was researched when the clearance index was less than O. The results suggest that the appropriate layout for waiting area of left-turning vehicles can improve the operation efficiency of intersections.

Simulated circulations off the Changjiang (Yangtze) River mouth in spring and autumn

The circulations off the Changjiang mouth in May and November were simulated by a three dimension numerical model with monthly averaged parameters of dynamic factors in this paper. The area covers the East China Sea (ECS), Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. Simulated results show that the circulation off the Changjiang mouth in spring and autumn is mainly the Changjiang runoff and Taiwan Warm Current (TWC). The Changjiang discharge is much larger in May than in November, and the wind is westward in May, and southward in November off the Changjiang mouth. The runoff in May branches in three parts, one eastward flows, the other two flow northward and southward along the Subei and Zhejiang coast respectively. The Changjiang diluted water expands eastward off the mouth, and forms a strong salinity front near the mouth. Surface circulation in autumn is similar to that in winter, the runoff southward flows along the coast, and the northward flowing TWC becomes weaker compared to that in spring and summer. The bottom circulations in May and November are mainly the runoffnear the mouth and the TWC offthe mouth, and the runoff and TWC are greater in May than in November.

Human Factors in the Analysis of the ＂Tram-Car Drivers＂ at Intersections

The modem tramway has resurfaced as the cure to today＇s urban transport problems such as pollution, road congestion and uneven access to transit. However, trams at intersections often experience frequent and extended delays due to vehicles crossing the tram tracks. There is an increased potential for conflict between trams and vehicles at these locations and crashes are common. The question of the effects of human factors on trams crossroads safety has been little dealt with in literature. The general aim of this article is to further knowledge about the influence of tramway and surrounding environment on car＇s driver behavior at intersections. Understanding these influences, involve conducting a systematic review of the cognitive tasks related to driving and identifying the hazards that can arise at each task, and what factors can make these more or less likely to arise, considering the environmental design at intersections and behavioral factors. To achieve that, the HAZOP （Hazard and Operability Study） approach is conducted for this study. Concerning data collection, the methodology includes site visits to record user behavior and questionnaires to determine the opinion, concerns and knowledge of car drivers in interaction with the tram environment.

Minimally invasive surgical techniques in the era of hybrid coronary revascularization： additional benefits for the elderly patients？

Geriatric patients affected by stable multi-vessel coronary artery disease （CAD） are at the crossroad： they can live with the risks of acute coronary syndrome, malignant arrhythmias or heart failure, or they can undergo a rapid evaluation for myocardial revascularization.

Base of the Pyramid Population： Identifying Populations to Increase Citizen Participation Through Information Technology

The Municipality of Puebla is today＇s capital of the fourth most important city of Mexico. During 2009, its city hall ranked infirst place in category of metropolitan city as information and communication technologies to reach part of ＂Digital City Award＂. From the strategy to use governmental efficiency, as well as interact with the population and socioeconomic development of the zone, free wireless internet was implemented in 39 areas to facilitate the access to training of citizenship by using this new form of media. The municipality has a population with great economic disparity, which is translated in strong social exclusion, located mainly in housing units and popular colonies with people in situation of hereditary poverty. Because of that, the need of knowing the profile and the consumer habits of mass media communication emerges. The research evaluates identification of actual and potential users of the web2.0, so it can be possible to recognize the chances of intervention in this segment and increase its participation on public character programs and promoting equality of opportunities and the possibility being a participative citizenship that contributes to the local human development.

Delay Analysis and Formulation Inference of Signalized Intersection for Traffic Congestion Conditions

Vehicle delay is an important measure to evaluate the signal timings of signalized intersections.When optimization the signal control parameters, delays of vehicles from all approach directions of an intersection should be considered. Based on the analysis of the vehicle delay on an approach of intersection, directed against the typical condition of a congested intersection-over-saturated condition, the paper has analyzed and inferred the intersection delay dynamic formulation, and has established the relation between intersection delay,the signal timings, vehicle arrival rate and the queue lengths, and that provides useful information for understanding vehicle delay of signalized intersection and for establishing performance index function of signal timing optimization.

Reading Developmental Trends in Early Years： The Influence of Word Identification Skills and Target Langauge Oral Ability to Comprehension

Language, reading, and reading-related tasks were administered to 148 children from lower primary （Standard 1, 2, and 3） in Kenyan schools. The aim was to investigate the literacy developmental trends across the years and establish which of the two variables, word identification skills or target language oral proficiency influenced reading comprehension performance. The results indicated that word identification skills independently influenced reading comprehension performance in both standard 2 and standard 3 classes, but target language oral skills did not. Further, the analysis of invented spelling task performance revealed evidence of transfer of alphabetic coding skills of first language to English orthography. The spelling errors reflected letter-sound patterns not found in English orthography. Analysis of the miscues in the spelling task revealed that children rely on first language phonological processes to spell target language unfamiliar words as long the languages have a common alphabetic system.

Reachability analysis of web service compositions via NWA

In order to improve the design and implementation quality of web service compositions,formal methods are used to model them and certain properties are verified.WCFA （web service interface control flow automata）is used to model web services,especially the control flow and possible interactions with other web services.A web service composition consists of a set of interacting WCFA.The global behavior of web service compositions is captured by NWA（nested word automata）.A variation of the depth-first search algorithm is used to transform a set of WCFA into an NWA.State formulae and call stacks at each node of NWA are computed by a path-sensitive reachability analysis.Safety properties,call stack inspection properties and pre/post-conditions of service invocations are described by assertions.Then verification of these assertions is carried out by an automated SAT tool.

Effects of Sediment-induced Stratification on Floc Breakup in an Idealized Tidal Estuary: A Numerical Modelling Study

Floc breakup dynamics are studied by a sediment transport numerical model in an idealized tidal estuary that has a constant water depth and rapid flocculation of cohesive sediments. The focus is placed on the effects of boundary layer stratification induced by a bottom nepheloid layer on floc breakup and size distribution in the water column. In a neutrally stratified estuary, the floc size distribution follows a parabolic function with maximum values at the surface and bottom. The sediment-induced stratification in the bottom boundary layer increases the median floc sizes. Furthermore, sediment-voided convection caused by the settling lutocline generates significant turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and reduces floc size at the depth where the convective mixing happens. Below that depth, a weak local maxima in the floc size is predicted due to presence of the lutocline. The effect of sediment-stratified bottom boundary layer on the floc breakup can be consistently approximated by a linear regression between the maximal floc size and flux Richardson number.

Blue Shallow Wounds Of Pad Dyeing ——Exploration And Reflection On Dali Tourism

Dali is an ancient city on the southwestern border of China＇ s territory, she sprouted seeds of human civilization, experienced the vicissitudes of the millennium,eventually formed a rich ethnic customs.She is ＂the cultural crossroads of the ancient capital of Asia＂ which is recognized by the world.However, the beauty of the past has been almost no advantage in today＇ s tourism industry accounts for Dianxi rapid development.Many traditional attractions false propaganda. Those views may already be the last generation of human memory even documented. Dali almost forgotten their own advantage in such under the impact,for the construction and development of cultural tourism in Dali, but also for thousands of years to live up to this cultural accumulation, this paper analyzes the development direction of the national Culture Tourism in Dali Dali from the perspective of the transformation.

The Attics of My Life： Joy Within the Melancholic Lyrics of John Keats and The Grateful Dead

This essay is a culmination of intensive research exploring the commonality between Dr. John Keats＇ poetry and the lyrics of The Grateful Dead. As this is the 50th anniversary of The Grateful Dead, it is appropriate to celebrate that with a scholarly paper. In teaching my course The GrateJid Dead as Poets I discovered compelling intersections between English Romantic poetry and the lyrics of The Grateful Dead. These findings are useful and important because the work of the Dead spans five decades and endures in ways that assure their place in literary history as well as the music world. The importance of The Grateful Dead cannot be overstated. They bring hope, love, joy and philanthropy to the world, as did the English Romantic poets. There is much yet to explore; this essay is about only a few of the many Grateful Dead lyrics.