The mixer-settler is a core device of solvent extraction for separating rare earth elements. There are some adverse effects like high rare earth accumulation and poor production efficiency during industrial production...The mixer-settler is a core device of solvent extraction for separating rare earth elements. There are some adverse effects like high rare earth accumulation and poor production efficiency during industrial production. Current researches usually focus on changing the structure of the mixer-settler without making a breakthrough towards gravity clarification. In this paper, in order to improve the efficiency of clarification, a mixer-settler with double stirring mode was designed and manufactured by adding a stirring device in the settler after reducing the volume of the settler. The innovation of this research involves adopting the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer to investigate the quantity of aqueous phase entrainment at the settler outlet in order to measure the clarification degree. Experimental results show that the clarification effect with stirring is better than that without stirring. The clarification effect is ameliorated as the stirring speed increases. Generally, the clarification effect shows a best condition when the offset distance is 12.5 cm, making the phase entrainment reduced to less than 0.1%. When the clearance over the tank bottom is 7 cm and 10 cm, respectively, the quantity of aqueous phase entrainment is better than the case with a clearance of 4 cm. The results show that the stirring paddle close to the mixed phase zone can better promote the two-phase separation.展开更多
From the point of view of urban consumption behavior, urban fresh water consumption could be classified as three types, namely, direct, indirect and induced water consumption. A calculation approach of urban flesh wat...From the point of view of urban consumption behavior, urban fresh water consumption could be classified as three types, namely, direct, indirect and induced water consumption. A calculation approach of urban flesh water consumption was presented based on the theory of urban basic material consumption and the input-output method, which was utilized to calculate urban fresh water consumption of China, and to analyze its structural change and causes. The results show that the total urban flesh water consumption increased 561.7× 10^9m^3, and the proportion to the total national flesh water resources increased by 20 percentage points from 1952 to 2005. The proportion of direct and induced water consumption had been continuously rising, and it increased by 15 and 35 percentage points separately from 1952 to 2005, while the proportion of indirect water consumption decreased by 50 percentage points. Urban indi- rect water consumption was mainly related to urban grain, beef and mutton consumption, and urban induced water consumption had a close relationship with the amount of carbon emission per capita. Finally, some countermeasures were put forward to realize sustainable utilization of urban fresh water resources in China.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to analyze the household waste reduction effect of sorted collection of recyclable waste in Japan using a panel data analysis, which considers time-series and cross-section data simultaneo...The purpose of this study is to analyze the household waste reduction effect of sorted collection of recyclable waste in Japan using a panel data analysis, which considers time-series and cross-section data simultaneously. Also, the study shows the effect of the type of sorted items on the quantity of household waste disposed. We used the data attained from 103 cities recorded over three years, and applied the quantity of total waste disposed, the quantity of combustible waste, the quantity of other waste （waste excluding combustible and recyclable waste）, and the quantity of combustible plus other waste as objective variables, respectively, in the models. The result suggests that when the number of sorted items is increased marginally, the quantity of household waste decreases by about 0.5%-3.3% or 1.28-4.17 grams per capita per day. In addition, it is shown that sorting out white trays is effective in reducing the quantity of combustible waste. Sorting out paper containers and packages is also effective in reducing the quantity of other waste and combustible plus other waste.展开更多
In this paper, an econometric model for the aquatic products consumption of urban residents was established, aiming at investigating the different effects of seven factors （urban residents＇ annual disposable income,...In this paper, an econometric model for the aquatic products consumption of urban residents was established, aiming at investigating the different effects of seven factors （urban residents＇ annual disposable income, annual consumption quantity of pork and poultry and related byproducts, family structure, aging level, educational background, having meals out of home, and the number of retail chains stores） on the aquatic products consumption quantity of urban residents. The result of the model showed urban residents＇ annual disposable income and having meals out of home play the greatest effect on the consumption of aquatic products, followed by the number of retail chains stores; family structure plays a negative effect on the consumption of aquatic products. Also, the analysis shows not only the prices of the aquatic products as well as substitutes should be considered and also the quantity of the meals consumed by residents out of home and the number of retail chains stores should be used as important associated factors in studying the change trend of aquatic products consumption, and simultaneously the effect of family structure on the consumption quantity of aquatic products should be taken seriously, so that the aquatic products consumption of Chinese residents should be further promoted and also the aquatic products market can attain a development.展开更多
Sustainable development of a new settlement is a development that considers the economic, social, and environmental aspects in the endeavor to accomplish sustainable living development. Significant increase of populat...Sustainable development of a new settlement is a development that considers the economic, social, and environmental aspects in the endeavor to accomplish sustainable living development. Significant increase of population, urbanization, migration, and difficult condition in acquiring land, especially in downtown areas, have influence the provision of houses and residential environment. This generates new communities that built new settlements to fulfill their needs, without considering the sustainable development aspect. Government＇s interference with housing development for the people＇s welfare, especially for low income communities, has also shown the lack of sustainable elements. On the other hands, the communities of traditional settlements that have been survived for hundred years, is a living examples of sustainable development practices. It was observed that in the traditional settlement, principle of togetherness for sharing the common goods has been successfully implemented for sustaining their living conditions. This paper disclosed this traditional wisdom as a precondition for sustainable development in building a new settlement. Two types of settlements have been contrasted for this purpose, one is the traditional lhamahu village in Central Maluku province, and the other is a government funded of new settlement at Bumi Teluk Jambe in West Java province. Among the results is a framework for incorporating the requirements for sustainable development into the new settlement project, such as the Bumi Teluk Jambe project.展开更多
This paper responds to criticisms levied at my previous research paper on ＂gray＂ household income in China. In 2010, I published a paper estimating the actual income of high-income urban residents in China. Results ...This paper responds to criticisms levied at my previous research paper on ＂gray＂ household income in China. In 2010, I published a paper estimating the actual income of high-income urban residents in China. Results indicated that per-capita disposable income for the wealthiest 10 percent of households in 2008 was roughly 139,000 yuan, rather than the 44,000 yuan indicated by official statistics. This suggested an aggregate gray income of 9.3 trillion yuan for China ＂s urban residents in 2008, mainly dispersed among high income groups. In 2012, Luo Chuliang et al. published a criticism paper, arguing that flawed methodology and analysis exaggerated gray income and household income gaps. This paper both responds to these criticisms and reasserts my original claim that official statistics seriously underestimate both gray income and income inequality in China.展开更多
This paper probes into the establishment of ecological city of Mianyang and directive thoughts,measures, and countermoves are put forward based on analyzing the current situation about ecological environment of Mianya...This paper probes into the establishment of ecological city of Mianyang and directive thoughts,measures, and countermoves are put forward based on analyzing the current situation about ecological environment of MianyangCity.展开更多
with the development of science and technology, smart home systems require better, faster to meet the needs of human. In order to achieve this goal, the human-machine-items all need to interact each other with underst...with the development of science and technology, smart home systems require better, faster to meet the needs of human. In order to achieve this goal, the human-machine-items all need to interact each other with understand, efficient and speedy. Cps could unify combination with the human-machine-items; realize the interaction between the physical nformation and the cyber world. However, information interaction and the control task needs to be completed in a valid time. Therefore, the transform delay control strategy becomes more and more important. This paper analysis Markov delay control strategy for smart home systems, which might help the system decrease the transmission delay.展开更多
This study elaborates on the differences between resident disposable income in the flow of fimds table and in the household survey; between household consumption in expenditure- based GDP and in the household survey; ...This study elaborates on the differences between resident disposable income in the flow of fimds table and in the household survey; between household consumption in expenditure- based GDP and in the household survey; and between gross fixed capital formation in expenditure-based GDP and total fixed asset investment in the whole country as shown in investment statistics, from the point of view of their basic concepts and purposes, scope of specifications, data sources, calculation methods and data presentation. We show that the household survey somewhat underestimates household income and consumption, while investment statistics somewhat overestimate total investment in fixed assets. This does not, however, directly affect the accurate understanding of such major economic structures as the structure of the distribution of Chinese nationals＇ disposable income among households, enterprises and government, the structure of final demand, etc.展开更多
基金supported by Hi-Tech Research and Development Program(863)of China(2010AA03A405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50974035,No.51004033)
文摘The mixer-settler is a core device of solvent extraction for separating rare earth elements. There are some adverse effects like high rare earth accumulation and poor production efficiency during industrial production. Current researches usually focus on changing the structure of the mixer-settler without making a breakthrough towards gravity clarification. In this paper, in order to improve the efficiency of clarification, a mixer-settler with double stirring mode was designed and manufactured by adding a stirring device in the settler after reducing the volume of the settler. The innovation of this research involves adopting the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer to investigate the quantity of aqueous phase entrainment at the settler outlet in order to measure the clarification degree. Experimental results show that the clarification effect with stirring is better than that without stirring. The clarification effect is ameliorated as the stirring speed increases. Generally, the clarification effect shows a best condition when the offset distance is 12.5 cm, making the phase entrainment reduced to less than 0.1%. When the clearance over the tank bottom is 7 cm and 10 cm, respectively, the quantity of aqueous phase entrainment is better than the case with a clearance of 4 cm. The results show that the stirring paddle close to the mixed phase zone can better promote the two-phase separation.
基金Under the auspices of Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40535026)
文摘From the point of view of urban consumption behavior, urban fresh water consumption could be classified as three types, namely, direct, indirect and induced water consumption. A calculation approach of urban flesh water consumption was presented based on the theory of urban basic material consumption and the input-output method, which was utilized to calculate urban fresh water consumption of China, and to analyze its structural change and causes. The results show that the total urban flesh water consumption increased 561.7× 10^9m^3, and the proportion to the total national flesh water resources increased by 20 percentage points from 1952 to 2005. The proportion of direct and induced water consumption had been continuously rising, and it increased by 15 and 35 percentage points separately from 1952 to 2005, while the proportion of indirect water consumption decreased by 50 percentage points. Urban indi- rect water consumption was mainly related to urban grain, beef and mutton consumption, and urban induced water consumption had a close relationship with the amount of carbon emission per capita. Finally, some countermeasures were put forward to realize sustainable utilization of urban fresh water resources in China.
文摘The purpose of this study is to analyze the household waste reduction effect of sorted collection of recyclable waste in Japan using a panel data analysis, which considers time-series and cross-section data simultaneously. Also, the study shows the effect of the type of sorted items on the quantity of household waste disposed. We used the data attained from 103 cities recorded over three years, and applied the quantity of total waste disposed, the quantity of combustible waste, the quantity of other waste （waste excluding combustible and recyclable waste）, and the quantity of combustible plus other waste as objective variables, respectively, in the models. The result suggests that when the number of sorted items is increased marginally, the quantity of household waste decreases by about 0.5%-3.3% or 1.28-4.17 grams per capita per day. In addition, it is shown that sorting out white trays is effective in reducing the quantity of combustible waste. Sorting out paper containers and packages is also effective in reducing the quantity of other waste and combustible plus other waste.
文摘In this paper, an econometric model for the aquatic products consumption of urban residents was established, aiming at investigating the different effects of seven factors （urban residents＇ annual disposable income, annual consumption quantity of pork and poultry and related byproducts, family structure, aging level, educational background, having meals out of home, and the number of retail chains stores） on the aquatic products consumption quantity of urban residents. The result of the model showed urban residents＇ annual disposable income and having meals out of home play the greatest effect on the consumption of aquatic products, followed by the number of retail chains stores; family structure plays a negative effect on the consumption of aquatic products. Also, the analysis shows not only the prices of the aquatic products as well as substitutes should be considered and also the quantity of the meals consumed by residents out of home and the number of retail chains stores should be used as important associated factors in studying the change trend of aquatic products consumption, and simultaneously the effect of family structure on the consumption quantity of aquatic products should be taken seriously, so that the aquatic products consumption of Chinese residents should be further promoted and also the aquatic products market can attain a development.
文摘Sustainable development of a new settlement is a development that considers the economic, social, and environmental aspects in the endeavor to accomplish sustainable living development. Significant increase of population, urbanization, migration, and difficult condition in acquiring land, especially in downtown areas, have influence the provision of houses and residential environment. This generates new communities that built new settlements to fulfill their needs, without considering the sustainable development aspect. Government＇s interference with housing development for the people＇s welfare, especially for low income communities, has also shown the lack of sustainable elements. On the other hands, the communities of traditional settlements that have been survived for hundred years, is a living examples of sustainable development practices. It was observed that in the traditional settlement, principle of togetherness for sharing the common goods has been successfully implemented for sustaining their living conditions. This paper disclosed this traditional wisdom as a precondition for sustainable development in building a new settlement. Two types of settlements have been contrasted for this purpose, one is the traditional lhamahu village in Central Maluku province, and the other is a government funded of new settlement at Bumi Teluk Jambe in West Java province. Among the results is a framework for incorporating the requirements for sustainable development into the new settlement project, such as the Bumi Teluk Jambe project.
文摘This paper responds to criticisms levied at my previous research paper on ＂gray＂ household income in China. In 2010, I published a paper estimating the actual income of high-income urban residents in China. Results indicated that per-capita disposable income for the wealthiest 10 percent of households in 2008 was roughly 139,000 yuan, rather than the 44,000 yuan indicated by official statistics. This suggested an aggregate gray income of 9.3 trillion yuan for China ＂s urban residents in 2008, mainly dispersed among high income groups. In 2012, Luo Chuliang et al. published a criticism paper, arguing that flawed methodology and analysis exaggerated gray income and household income gaps. This paper both responds to these criticisms and reasserts my original claim that official statistics seriously underestimate both gray income and income inequality in China.
文摘This paper probes into the establishment of ecological city of Mianyang and directive thoughts,measures, and countermoves are put forward based on analyzing the current situation about ecological environment of MianyangCity.
文摘with the development of science and technology, smart home systems require better, faster to meet the needs of human. In order to achieve this goal, the human-machine-items all need to interact each other with understand, efficient and speedy. Cps could unify combination with the human-machine-items; realize the interaction between the physical nformation and the cyber world. However, information interaction and the control task needs to be completed in a valid time. Therefore, the transform delay control strategy becomes more and more important. This paper analysis Markov delay control strategy for smart home systems, which might help the system decrease the transmission delay.
文摘This study elaborates on the differences between resident disposable income in the flow of fimds table and in the household survey; between household consumption in expenditure- based GDP and in the household survey; and between gross fixed capital formation in expenditure-based GDP and total fixed asset investment in the whole country as shown in investment statistics, from the point of view of their basic concepts and purposes, scope of specifications, data sources, calculation methods and data presentation. We show that the household survey somewhat underestimates household income and consumption, while investment statistics somewhat overestimate total investment in fixed assets. This does not, however, directly affect the accurate understanding of such major economic structures as the structure of the distribution of Chinese nationals＇ disposable income among households, enterprises and government, the structure of final demand, etc.
