《四库全书总目》“史部”中的《史通》

唐朝刘知几所撰《史通》是中国古代一部划时代的史学评论著作,为历代学人所注目。在《四库全书总目》"史部"中,《史通》的史学价值、文献价值和《疑古》、《惑经》的思想倾向等都受到四库馆臣的高度重视。他们借助《史通》中的一些合理史学主张,来对一些史学问题和史书加以评判;引用一些内容记载作为理据,来对一些史书进行考证。这既体现了《史通》和"史部"在中国史学中的重要地位,也表现出四库馆臣具有相当的学术眼光和水准;而对《史通》中"疑惑"思想倾向的批评,又带有封建学人的明显局限。

《搜神记》文本辑采来源考辨

研究了《搜神记》的成书方式之一:承于前载,即从前代典籍中辑采素材。阐述了《新辑搜神记》的文本辑采来源,认为有177篇故事有前载出处,来自59部作品。提出了《搜神记》在文本辑采来源上的三大特点:一是辑采方式可粗略分为照搬式和增删式两大类;二是类目集中于史部和子部;三是对史部文献的辑采遵循了史家“实”“信”原则,照搬式辑采占比突出,对子部作品的辑采有更多“再创作”之处,体现了干宝“游心寓目”的创作追求。

Controls of seed quantity and quality on seedling recruitment of smith fir along altitudinal gradient in southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Alpine treeline ecotones are harsh environment for tree establishment due to low temperature. Tree establishment at treelines requires favorable climate, suitable microsites, and viable seeds. But most researches have been addressed treeline microclimate and its effects on tree regeneration, the knowledge of seed quantity and quality and its controls on seedling recruitment were limited. We measured seed rain, soil seed bank, seed germination rate and seedling recruitment in natural forests in combination with seed transplanting manipulation to evaluate the controls of seed quantity and quality on seedling recruitment of Abies georgei var. smithii （smith fir） along altitudinal gradient, with focus on treeline ecotone in the Sygera Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Both seed quantity and seed quality of smith fir decreased with increasing altitude and was thereby associated with decline in seed germination rate. Seed quantity and seedling recruitment were better in north-facing slope than in south slope. The treeline ecotone above 42oo m appeared as the threshold altitude to sharply decrease seed quality and seedling recruitment. The emergence and overwintering rates of transplanting seeds from 3600-38oo m also went down remarkably above 4200 m at north-facing slope. It also underpins the fact that treeline ecotone is the bottleneck of seedling recruitment. Our results suggest that seed quantity and quality are the principal limitation of treeline upward advance. This study also provides evidence to support stable treeline position in southeastern Tibetan Plateau.

《隋书·经籍志》标点考校二则

中华书局1973年版《隋书·经籍志·序》中的谢灵运、王亮、谢朏、任昉、殷钧等之"《四部目录》"、王俭之"《目录》",包括梁有之"《五部目录》",其书名号均当去除。《隋志序》相关叙述重在交代目录著作的部类变化,"四部目录"、"五部目录"意指将书籍分为四部或五部的目录,而非目录著作的称名。加上书名号,掩盖了《隋志序》原本叙述目录部类划分的主观意图,使其目录学史料价值大打折扣。该版《隋书·经籍志》史部大序的最后"班固以《史记》附《春秋》"中的"《史记》",其书名号亦当以去除为是。

On the history of nuclear matrix manifestation

The nonchromatin proteinous residue of the cell nucleus was revealed in our laboratory as early aJs in 1948and then identified by light and electron microscoPy as residual nucleoli. intranuclear network and nuclear envelope before 1960. This structure termed afterwards as "nuclear residue", "nuclear skeleton", "nuclear cage" 3 "nuclearcarcass" etc., was much later (in 1974) isolated, studied,and entitled as "nuclear matrix" by Berezney and Coffey,to whom the discovery of this residual structure is of ten wronly ascribed. The real history of nuclear matrix manifestation is reported in this paper.

Late Pleistocene-Holocene slip history of the Langshan-Seertengshan piedmont fault(Inner Mongolia,northern China) from cosmogenic ^(10)Be dating on a bedrock fault scarp

Offset geomorphic features and deformed late Quaternary strata indicate active deformation along the Langshan-Seertengshan piedmont fault （LSPF）, one of the most active faults in the Hetao fault zone in Inner Mongolia, North China. The widespread occurrence of bedrock fault scarps along the LSPF offers excellent opportunity to examine the faulting history. Using cosmogenic ^10Be exposure dating, we measured the exposure ages of the western Langshankou scarp, located in the middle segment of the LSPF. Our data revealed at least two earthquakes that occurred at 22.2±3.3 Ira and 7.2±2.4 ka, respectively. These events are consistent with previous paleoseismic trench studies. The regression of the relationship between the age and sampling height along the scarp yield a fault slip rate of 0.10 ±0.05/-0.06 mm/yr, which is significantly lower than the average post-late Pleistocene fault slip rate of ~1 mm/yr, as estimated from the offset of the T2 terraces by previous studies. This indicates that the slip of the LSPF may have been accommodated by other fault branches.

Peace and War in Mozambique： The Colonial Power and Islam＇s Impact （Twentieth and Twenty-First Century）

This paper studies the Islam＇s impact in relation to the violence of the colonial and post-colonial state at the centre and north of Mozambique in particularly at the Zambezia and Tete Provinces. Revisiting and cross-checking sources available in the archives, especially the Mozambique Historical Archive, it is possible to determine Islam＇s expansion by analysing the reports of the colonial administration, interviewing the social participants of this process, and understanding the complexity of the phenomenon before and after the independence, thus enabling the rethinking of the violence, reconstruction, and reconciliation within the Mozambican society. The confrontation of the material produced by the colonial authorities in reports of the civil administration, of the so-called native business between the army and the police and the independent movements, especially the Mozambique Liberation Front （FRELIMO）, suggests a clandestine operational network with initiatives of Mozambican identity affirmation under the designation of ＂subversive＂ in the colonial days. A fact worth noting： the ＂control＂ function of the Muslim communities, both in the colonial state apparatus and in the post-colonial times, as a phenomenon of continuity.

The Exploration of Reasons Why Southeast Asia Countries Have Strong Insecurity About the Rise of China

The word, “China’ rise”, has highlighted the rapidity and suddenness of China’s development, and the Southeast Asia region, both in history and in reality, has a close relationship with China. In face of the giant’s rise, some Southeast Asia countries have reduced their sense of certainty and control over this external environment, which causes their insecurity. The reasons of this phenomenon include the factor of history, ideology, geopolitics, overseas Chinese and extraterritorial states intervention. We should go start with national and ideological barriers, combine the analysis of the sense of certainty and control, to understand the underlying causes of insecurity.

A history of low back pain affects pelvis and trunk coordination during a sustained manual materials handling task

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to compare the coordination between the trunk and the pelvis during a sustained asymmetric repetitive lifting task between a group with a history of low back pain(LBP;HBP) and a group with no history of LBP(NBP).Methods:Volunteers lifted a 11-kg box from ankle height in front to a shelf 45° off-center at waist height,and lowered it to the start position at12 cycles/min for 10 min.Lifting side was alternated during the trial.Continuous relative phase was used to calculate coordination between the pelvis and trunk rotation at the beginning(Min 1),middle(Min 5),and end of the bout(Min 9).Results:While there were no main effects for group,a significant interaction between time and group indicated that,in the frontal plane,the NBP group coordination was more anti-phase toward the end of the bout,with no such differences for the HBP group.Analysis of sagittal-axial(bend and twist) coordination revealed the HBP group coordination was more in-phase at the end of the bout over the entire cycle and for the lifting phase alone,with no such differences for the NBP group.Conclusion:Differences between groups demonstrate residual consequences of LBP in an occupational scenario,even though the HBP group was pain-free for >6 months prior to data collection.More in-phase coordination in the HBP group may represent a coordination pattern analogous to'guarded gait' which has been observed in other studies,and may lend insight as to why these individuals are at increased risk for re-injury.

A Critical Analysis of the Educational Impact of Steve Fuller＇s Social Epistemology

In this paper, I examine Steve Fuller＇s ＂sociological＂ social epistemology that must be distinguished from its ＂philosophical＂ counterpart. Fuller＇s sociological social epistemology can prompt deep philosophical analyses of the conditions for knowledge that themselves bear on what should count as knowledge. That is, it can be a vital prelude to developing an interdisciplinary investigation into educational issues. This paper looks at the three features that form an integral part of Fuller＇s social epistemology, which is partly elucidatory and partly critical： naturalistic, normative, and organizational aspects. It goes on to explore whether and to what extent Fuller＇s criticism of an ＂always already＂ thesis in philosophy and his idea of ＂knowledge management＂ afford an understanding of human knowledge in particular and human development in general. This paper concludes with an observation that Fuller＇s social epistemology is flawed in some respects but nonetheless is of relevance to the philosophical study of education.

THE SEQUENCE OF PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES SINCE ABOUT 4KA B.P., RECORDED BY NIYA SECTION IN SOUTHERN MARGIN OF TARIM BASIN

Through synthetic researches of multi-index geological records of Niya section, which are of high resolution in southern margin of Tarim Basin, this paper has reconstructed the sequences of paleoclimate in this region during historical times (since about 4000a B.P.). During the last 4000 years, the area has experienced alternations of relative cold-moisture and relative warm-dry periods. Three evident cold-moisture periods and three warm-dry periods are identifing. The study shows that the human activities have an intimate relation with the evolution of paleoclimate in the southern Xinjiang. Paleoclimate has played very important role in influencing human being′s agricultural activities.

Discussion on the Coexistence and Fusion between Music and Literature

In the development process of human history, music and literature have their own unique characteristics, and also are closely related to each other. Both own a very long history and maintain an interdependent relationship with each other. The dances accompanied by music in China＇ s primitive tribes and the lyric poetry in the ancient Greek times can be said to be the coexistence form of music and literature. Although music and literature have undergone a whole development process from a unified development to an independent development, there are links always maintained between the two art forms. In this paper, the coexistence and fusion between music and literature are specifically introduced from different aspects.

Studies on Wetland Biodiversity in China

This paper briefly summarizes the history of wetland research, the evolvement of wetland science, and their impacts on the understanding of wetland biodiversity in China. A marsh is the key type and basic component of a wetland. Defining the marsh and wetland plants is the basis for understanding the wetland and its biodiversity. The comprehensive multiple factorial classification principles and the multiple developmental models of the wetland are two innovative feats achieved by Chinese scientists, and their application has further promoted ecological research. The CAS Wetland Research Center has made historic contributions to the study of the wetland and its biodiversity in China. Also, the paper discusses several important tasks of wetland and biodiversity research.

Historical temporal variation in precipitation over Western Himalayan Region：1857-2006

This study has examined the temporal variation in monthly, seasonal & annual precipitation over the Western Himalayan Region(WHR) and the influence of global teleconnections, like the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and Southern Oscillation(SO) Indices on seasonal & annual precipitation. The Mann–Kendall non-parametric test is applied for trend detection and the Pettitt–Mann–Whitney test is used to detect possible shift. Maximum entropy spectral analysis is applied to find the periodicity in annual & seasonal precipitation. The study shows a non-significant decreasing trend in annual precipitation over WHR for the period 1857-2006. However, in seasonal precipitation, a significant decreasing trend is observed in monsoon and a significant increasing trend in post-monsoon season during the same period. The significant decrease in monsoon precipitation may be due to weakening of its teleconnection with NAO as well as SO Indices mainly during last three decades. It is observed that the probable change of year in annual & monsoon precipitation over WHR is 1979. The study also shows significant periodicities of 2.3-2.9 years and of 3.9-4.7 years in annual & seasonal precipitation over WHR.

＂My Hideous Progeny＂： Creative Monstrosity in the Works of Kiki Smith, Abigail Lane, and Cindy Sherman

The expression ＂My Hideous Progeny＂ is widely known to be taken from Mary Shelley＇s preface to the revised edition of Frankenstein （1831）, in which she wrote, of the novel itself and of its creature, Frankenstein＇s monster. This paper argues that, if the monster is seen not only as the product of Frankenstein＇s workshop of filthy creation, but also as the child from whom Frankenstein as parent recoils in horror; the works of Kiki Smith, Abigail Lane, and Cindy Sherman, created out of body parts, may also be considered hideous progenies of female creativity. Like Mary Shelley＇s gothic novel, the body, in the work of these three women artists, is not only the raw material of their art, but also the screen on which we project our bad dreams. Through the art of Smith, Lane, and Sherman, we can certainly feel the shudder of body horror that ripples through the Gothic canon from Frankenstein, whose manmade monster＇s yellow skin barely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath. Departing from their artistic examples, we will be able to perceive how the monstrous feminine in contemporary art can be grounded in a very famous hallmark work of Gothic literature.

Historicity of Texts and Textuality of History On The Virginian From the Perspective of New Historicism

The Virginian： A Horseman of the Plains （1902） has been considered as one of the masterpieces of American western novels for its successful depiction of cowboys and local customs, which earns Owen Wister the Father of Western fiction. The paper aims to reveal the relationship between The Virginian and its historical context by applying the doctrines of New Historicism： historicity of texts and textuality of history. By historicity of texts, it points out that the work is the emblem of disappearance of western frontier, and it symbolizes the union of the Wild West and the civilized east. By textuality of history, it detects the change of social class, the development of livestock industry and railway, and their influence on the work at the later part of 19th century.

Historical and Traditional Notes on Collecting Crop Genetic Resources in Central Part of Calabria Region

A collecting expedition has been carried out in the central part of Calabria region, south Italy; it has been concentrated on Reventino, Serre, Occitan and Albanian areas that were covered in certain coinciding sites in the past. In totality, 50 accessions belonging to 14 taxa were collected from 8 collecting sites, representing mainly highly variable old landraces of vegetables and cereals and, especially, of pulses; most of them that appear severely threatened by genetic erosion are still cultivated, at certain level, by old farmers and directly used by their families. A comparison of the results of the previous missions that have been carried out in Calabria region that preserve valuable crop genetic resources on farm shows the large degree of genetic erosion for all crops collected. The results stressed the need to conserve a considerable amount of material endangered and the necessity of our ongoing care for their preservation either on farms or ex situ in genebanks. The complementarity of both conservation methods is needed.

Inheritance and Development of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Su fan

intangible cultural heritage is an important part of the mankind cultural heritage, which carries the national historical heritage and national identity, and it is the lifeblood of the national culture, it has important cultural value, historical and spiritual values. From the international perspective, heritage and development of intangible cultural heritage has a very important significance for the protection of human cultural diversity.

《史记》与“文章”——从中国文学观念史角度的考察

"文章"是中国本土综合的文学概念,这一概念主要建构于西汉中后期,自两汉之交开始逐渐流行起来。司马迁《史记》(原名《太史公》)的创作和流传,与"文章"概念的建构和流行颇有关系。《太史公》的创作,渊源于古"史记",继承并弘扬孔子作《春秋》的典范,也受到战国至西汉前期流行的诸子学文化的启示。此书问世以后,作为笔墨"文章"的代表作流传数百年,另外,又成为魏晋时期目录学系统之中"史部"崛起的引领者。东晋至南北朝隋唐时期,《史记》与日益唯美化的"文章"概念的关系渐行渐远,逐渐成为性质比较单纯的史书。

Tree ring-dated fluctuation history of Midui glacier since the Little Ice Age in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Fluctuation history of Midui glacier in the southeastern Tibet since the Little Ice Age(LIA) was reconstructed by the dating of lateral and terminal moraines using tree rings.Four conversions of glacier advance/stabilization to retreat were identified at around 1767,1875,1924 and 1964.The glacier reached its LIA maximum position at 1767.The fluctuations are consistent with those of other glaciers from the Tibetan Plateau,the Rockies and the Alps,suggesting high spatial coherency of glacier fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere.Comparison with the summer temperature reconstruction in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau indicated that the Midui glacier fluctuation may be related to temperature variation on the centennial timescale.On the decadal scale,the fluctuation could correspond to cold/warm variation with an 8-year lag on average.