Objective . To improve the treatment of tumors, we studied the combined effects of docetaxel and batimastat (BB 94) on mouse forestomach carcinoma (MFC), and compared them with doxorubicin. Methods and results. In vit...Objective . To improve the treatment of tumors, we studied the combined effects of docetaxel and batimastat (BB 94) on mouse forestomach carcinoma (MFC), and compared them with doxorubicin. Methods and results. In vitro, growth curve analysis, MTT assay and clonogenic assay used to determine the cytotoxic effect of docetaxel or/and BB 94 on MFC cell showed that docetaxel but not BB 94 had a significant cytotoxicity, and the effect of docetaxel wasn’t enhanced by BB 94. In early stage MFC tumor model, obvious antitumor effect of docetaxel or doxorubicin given i.v. at maximum tolerated dose (MTD, docetaxel: 20mg/kg; doxorubicin: 6mg/kg) every 4 days for 3 injections (q4d×3), even that of BB 94 (30mg/kg i.p. qd×20) was observed. Tumor growth inhibition was greater for docetaxel batimastat (96.0%) than for doxorubicin-batimastat (88.0%), docetaxel (89.0%), doxorubicin (68.0%) and BB 94 (33.0%), and the effect of docetaxel could be potentiated by BB 94. Docetaxel also showed activity against advanced stage MFC tumor in dose-dependent manner, and was more effective at MTD than doxorubicin with 4/5 regressions, 46.5 days tumor growth delay and 2.8log10 tumor cell kill. Conclusion. Our results suggest that in the MFC model with dose and schedule used, docetaxel is an effective cytotoxic new drug against MFC tumor and BB 94 enchances the antitumor activity of docetaxel.展开更多
In this paper, the energy-efficient power control problem in cognitive radio （CR） networks is studied not only to provide energy-efficient transmission, but also to guarantee the normal operation of primary users （...In this paper, the energy-efficient power control problem in cognitive radio （CR） networks is studied not only to provide energy-efficient transmission, but also to guarantee the normal operation of primary users （PUs）. Moreover, the static energy-efficient power control （SEPC） algorithm is proposed in static scenario to maximize the capacity of secondary users （SUs） and to reduce the power consumption according to the interference from PU to SU. Furthermore, based on the analysis of PU＇s dynamic feature with Markov chain and SEPC algorithm,the dynamic energy-efficient power control （DEPC） algorithm is proposed taking into account the probability of detection and false alarm caused by sensing errors. Extensive simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithms is significantly improved compared with the existing algorithm.展开更多
Prior researches focus mainly on the relationship between governance structure and earnings quality. Unlike the previous researches, this study attempts to empirically examine the role of surplus free cash flow （SFCF...Prior researches focus mainly on the relationship between governance structure and earnings quality. Unlike the previous researches, this study attempts to empirically examine the role of surplus free cash flow （SFCF） as a moderator in the relationship with the new requirements of Malaysian code on corporate governance （MCCG）. By using the estimated generalized least square （EGLS） upon a sample of Malaysian firms, the results show that firms with an independent chairman experience persistent earnings numbers. The results also demonstrate that the current earnings of finns with small boards and independent audit committee members are more likely to persist in the future, when SFCF is high. However, in contradiction to the authors＇ expectation is the significant, but negative and interactive effect of current earnings and audit committee competence on earnings persistence. The findings, though disappointing, suggest investors to consider both the governance structure and free cash flow （FCF） agency problem when evaluating the sustainability of firms＇ earnings. They also call for more independent directors, effective meetings, and more competent audit committee members.展开更多
Realizing the importance of corporate governance, many governments have embarked upon various initiatives. In Malaysia, the recently introduced Green Book program aims to strengthen the corporate governance among the ...Realizing the importance of corporate governance, many governments have embarked upon various initiatives. In Malaysia, the recently introduced Green Book program aims to strengthen the corporate governance among the government-linked companies （GLCs）, in view of their significant contributions to the national socio-economic development. The Green Book initiative, launched in 2005, contains, among other things, a provision to create a high-performing board. Performance of GLCs, therefore, is likely to scale better heights with the modification of the constitution of the boards. The present paper aims to examine the association between the selected corporate governance attributes and performance of GLCs in 2010, approximately five years since the implementation of the transformation program. The regression analysis reveals that none of the selected corporate governance indicators has significantly impacted the performance of GLCs. The findings serve as a wake-up call to the authorities to appraise the effectiveness of the transformation program in enhancing the performance of GLCs.展开更多
The Malaysian government has carefully crafted policies to ensure that the nation achieves its aspirational goal to become a developed nation by 2020. Crucial for which is the success of the Securities Commission＇s ...The Malaysian government has carefully crafted policies to ensure that the nation achieves its aspirational goal to become a developed nation by 2020. Crucial for which is the success of the Securities Commission＇s ＂Corporate Governance Blueprint 2011＂ and ＂Capital Market Master Plan 2＂ designed to provide a business environment which attracts investment and talent. Somewhat overlooked in these otherwise robust policy shifts has been a critical critique of the definition, nature, and purpose of corporate governance itself. Recognizing this oversight, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin, Malaysia＇s Deputy Prime Minister, has directed that the definition of corporate governance be rejuvenated for the 21st century. This paper looks to answer that challenge by recommending the following transformational definition for corporate governance： ＂the proactive implementation of accountable ethical processes, procedures, and policies that inspires innovative aspirational economic activity to produce sustainable wealth and prosperity for shareholders, stakeholders, and society＂.展开更多
文摘Objective . To improve the treatment of tumors, we studied the combined effects of docetaxel and batimastat (BB 94) on mouse forestomach carcinoma (MFC), and compared them with doxorubicin. Methods and results. In vitro, growth curve analysis, MTT assay and clonogenic assay used to determine the cytotoxic effect of docetaxel or/and BB 94 on MFC cell showed that docetaxel but not BB 94 had a significant cytotoxicity, and the effect of docetaxel wasn’t enhanced by BB 94. In early stage MFC tumor model, obvious antitumor effect of docetaxel or doxorubicin given i.v. at maximum tolerated dose (MTD, docetaxel: 20mg/kg; doxorubicin: 6mg/kg) every 4 days for 3 injections (q4d×3), even that of BB 94 (30mg/kg i.p. qd×20) was observed. Tumor growth inhibition was greater for docetaxel batimastat (96.0%) than for doxorubicin-batimastat (88.0%), docetaxel (89.0%), doxorubicin (68.0%) and BB 94 (33.0%), and the effect of docetaxel could be potentiated by BB 94. Docetaxel also showed activity against advanced stage MFC tumor in dose-dependent manner, and was more effective at MTD than doxorubicin with 4/5 regressions, 46.5 days tumor growth delay and 2.8log10 tumor cell kill. Conclusion. Our results suggest that in the MFC model with dose and schedule used, docetaxel is an effective cytotoxic new drug against MFC tumor and BB 94 enchances the antitumor activity of docetaxel.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China，Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation，the Key Project of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology，the National Youth Science Foundation
文摘In this paper, the energy-efficient power control problem in cognitive radio （CR） networks is studied not only to provide energy-efficient transmission, but also to guarantee the normal operation of primary users （PUs）. Moreover, the static energy-efficient power control （SEPC） algorithm is proposed in static scenario to maximize the capacity of secondary users （SUs） and to reduce the power consumption according to the interference from PU to SU. Furthermore, based on the analysis of PU＇s dynamic feature with Markov chain and SEPC algorithm,the dynamic energy-efficient power control （DEPC） algorithm is proposed taking into account the probability of detection and false alarm caused by sensing errors. Extensive simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithms is significantly improved compared with the existing algorithm.
文摘Prior researches focus mainly on the relationship between governance structure and earnings quality. Unlike the previous researches, this study attempts to empirically examine the role of surplus free cash flow （SFCF） as a moderator in the relationship with the new requirements of Malaysian code on corporate governance （MCCG）. By using the estimated generalized least square （EGLS） upon a sample of Malaysian firms, the results show that firms with an independent chairman experience persistent earnings numbers. The results also demonstrate that the current earnings of finns with small boards and independent audit committee members are more likely to persist in the future, when SFCF is high. However, in contradiction to the authors＇ expectation is the significant, but negative and interactive effect of current earnings and audit committee competence on earnings persistence. The findings, though disappointing, suggest investors to consider both the governance structure and free cash flow （FCF） agency problem when evaluating the sustainability of firms＇ earnings. They also call for more independent directors, effective meetings, and more competent audit committee members.
文摘Realizing the importance of corporate governance, many governments have embarked upon various initiatives. In Malaysia, the recently introduced Green Book program aims to strengthen the corporate governance among the government-linked companies （GLCs）, in view of their significant contributions to the national socio-economic development. The Green Book initiative, launched in 2005, contains, among other things, a provision to create a high-performing board. Performance of GLCs, therefore, is likely to scale better heights with the modification of the constitution of the boards. The present paper aims to examine the association between the selected corporate governance attributes and performance of GLCs in 2010, approximately five years since the implementation of the transformation program. The regression analysis reveals that none of the selected corporate governance indicators has significantly impacted the performance of GLCs. The findings serve as a wake-up call to the authorities to appraise the effectiveness of the transformation program in enhancing the performance of GLCs.
文摘The Malaysian government has carefully crafted policies to ensure that the nation achieves its aspirational goal to become a developed nation by 2020. Crucial for which is the success of the Securities Commission＇s ＂Corporate Governance Blueprint 2011＂ and ＂Capital Market Master Plan 2＂ designed to provide a business environment which attracts investment and talent. Somewhat overlooked in these otherwise robust policy shifts has been a critical critique of the definition, nature, and purpose of corporate governance itself. Recognizing this oversight, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin, Malaysia＇s Deputy Prime Minister, has directed that the definition of corporate governance be rejuvenated for the 21st century. This paper looks to answer that challenge by recommending the following transformational definition for corporate governance： ＂the proactive implementation of accountable ethical processes, procedures, and policies that inspires innovative aspirational economic activity to produce sustainable wealth and prosperity for shareholders, stakeholders, and society＂.
