“后现代”主义对当代艺术设计的影响

基于人文情怀的"后现代"主义,运用独特的风格、结合多元文化美学思想所形成的新的设计理念,不仅将设计品的简单功能性以及表象表达出来,更加深入探索的是艺术品所具有的人性化以及内在精髓。"后现代"主义对当今艺术设计的影响主要体现在注重以人为中心点,在承接历史的同时还要与现代技术相融合,突出精神层面与自我价值的追求,是一种多元化的设计观。

Interpretation of absurdity by intertextuality： Comments on Donald Barthelme＇s The glass mountain

The paper focuses on the analysis of the intertexts to show the reality hidden inside Barthelme＇s The glass mountain. Barthelme is a representative of postmodernism. He employs typical writing skills, such as collage, fragments and discontinuous narratives, in The glass mountain to illustrate absurdity in the text. As a centerpiece of postmodernism, this fiction can be correctly interpreted by the way of intertextuality, which is a key to reveal the text＇s absurdity. Through such comparison, readers can understand that the purpose of absurd writing is to demonstrate reality in the modern world.

Stephen King or the Literature of Non-exhaustion

This paper focuses on Stephen King＇s （1947-） long-form narratives and attempts at perceiving the elements accounting for his endless success. As the author chooses this title for her paper, she clearly keep in mind John Barth＇s （1930-） essay. The choice of ＂punning＂ Barth＇s title is made so as to situate ourselves in the wake of postmodernist studies to try and analyze King＇s deconstruction and reconstruction of common ideas, myths, and the Gothic genre, applying them to the contemporary era. The choice of this angle of study is accounted by the fact that the aim is to prove that King has not literarily exhausted himself in spite of his 37 years of writing and is in a constant quest for a renewal of the Gothic genre. The notion of remolding is one of the red threads allowing to weave the intricate cloth of postmodernism. The author will here humbly try to unveil the essential elements perceived in King＇s narratives which allow to qualify him as ＂a postmodern writer＂.

The Pursuit of Happiness in the French Novel of the 20th-21st Centuries

Happiness, as much a poetic as a philosophical, sociological, and psychological concept, has been, through the ages, at the heart of the needs each individual seeks to fulfil. But today, in a world dominated by technology, driven by productivity and dictated by efficiency, what about Happiness？ Does it feature in works of fiction in any significant way？ May it not have adopted different guises？ ls that ＂duty of happiness＂ that Pascal Bruckner was talking about present in the French novel of the 20th-21th centuries？ And if it is, has its force strengthened or weakened？ This article will discuss the French Novels （of the 20th-21th centuries） that are devoted to or associated with Happiness in a direct or indirect manner. It will contextualize and analyze the transformation of Happiness, within the context of the historical and social events that influenced that period： the Holocaust, consumerism, postmodernism, structural social changes, the various as yet unarticulated new modes of life they created, and so on. To that end, this article will explore the discursive philosophical concept of happiness and its influence on the formation of the French novel. In so doing it will focus on the explicit discourse behind the motifs, the choices made in the process of writing, and the attitudes taken, considering the theme of happiness. Doing so, a significant discussion will be included regarding the paths of happiness, its agents, and the nature of the motifs and metaphors linked to the theme of happiness. The author will also address the dialectical role of the happiness theme in the constitution of an emerging literary discourse reflected in the French novel. By exploring the manifestation of the dogmas, ideas of the intellectual leaders of the 20th century （e.g., Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone De Beauvoir, Albert Camus） as well as the ones of the 21th century （e.g., Pascal Bruckner, Andr6 Comte-Sponville, Gilles Lipovetsky） new insights concerning the hybrid nature of the supposedly ＂authentic happiness＂ will be revealed. The author intend to inspect the theme of Happiness around four dialectical axes as a relevant ethical basis for delimiting the various fields of research： （1） Love, passion, and conjugality; （2） Ageing; （3） ＂The experience of everydayness＂; and （4） ＂The era of emptiness＂. Focusing on the narratives, the article takes into account their specificity in the four distinct fields, all connected to existential and ethical issues, Finally, this article will attempt to analyse the assumed role of literature as a conduit of cultural awareness.

sPatterns of Disease on Paul Auster＇s Timbuktu

Following the theory of Trauma as a critical approach, it is analyzed how Paul Auster＇ s Timbuktu shows up the maladies of the contemporary world with a parody of disease full of excess and somehow mocking at its own elements. It is a distorted version of infirmity, the way it used to appear in former works of literature. The device is a winkle to the reader to envisage whatever novel or story from a carefully distanced view, very much in the way that Postmodernist authors do but with the realistic use of the form that he regularly employs.

Paulo Coelho The Author＇s Quest as Reader of the World

Paulo Coelho＇s novels call into question the nature of the literary text and the act of reading in a post-Einsteinian world. Amidst the debate over his popular writings （Albanese; Ndagano）, the discussion turns to whether Coelho continues a poetics of narrative developed by Jorge Luis Borges. This paper explores how Coelho＇s work may depart from a reading of Borges, yet goes beyond it into what Bakhtin established as ＂the Einsteinian universe applied to literary studies＂, as posited by Stone （2008）. Coelho＇s work is affected by hypertexts, new ways of connecting and perceiving subjectivities, and cross-cultural pilgrimages. A hermeneutic reading of his novel, The Zahir： A Novel of Obsession （2005b）, allows us to delve into the Coelhian the notion of the zahir as a tensional metaphor （Ricouer） of world-making （Valdes）. This underscores the postmodern assumption of the author as just another reader, albeit an ably active one. Through the courageous act of making his reading（s） transparent through writing, he invites other readers into the dialectical presumptions of his world.

Constructing a New Polish Architecture： Critical Regionalism and Resistance to Globalization after 1989

This paper explores the critical regionalism which could play a role in the continued development of global era Polish architecture, and the advancements achieved by those few contemporary Polish architects who have sought to combine modern tastes and techniques with culturally meaningful designs. The new culture of Poland is very much reflected in the design of many of its new buildings that have been completed since the political and economic changes in 1989. The architecture of Poland appears to have lurched from an inappropriate socialist modernism that was so horridly imposed during the communist era to an equally inappropriate post modernist hegemony in the new enterprise culture. In accordance with Poland, now is rejection of the centrally imposed system of building and architecture, and with the greater emphasis on individual initiative in the new culture, it seems a pity that the country should automatically adopt western modes of architectural expression. This paper suggests that with its newly founded freedom, Poland should be careful that it does not suffer a loss of identity and that, in its architecture, it should seek a way forward through a critical regionalism.

Apocalypse and Body Transgression： On Picasso’s Crucifixion （1930）

The article deals with the question of the possibility of a new interpretation of Picasso’s picture entitled Crucifixion, which was created in the context of the art paradigm shift in the 1930s when the master focused his attention to the return to painting as a reference framework of myth and religion. But this return was only a turning point towards a modern understanding of the world and art from other sources. It should be noted that the problem of pictorial turn nowadays has a strong impact on the postmodern theology, which encompasses various cultural traditions, and also quite opposite philosophical attitudes. The article shows, thus, the inner relationship and connection between painting art and the search for transgression in the language that was the idea of Bataille. In the first part of this article, author tries to show the consequences of Bataille’s thinking of transgression; the second part has attempted to articulate the problems of interpretation of Picasso’s canvas Crucifixion; and concluding remarks is an attempt to review the emphasis on relationship with pictorial turn and transformations in the notion of contemporary art concerning the body as a sovereign event of the freedom and sacrifice.

Reality in Dutch Novels： Developing a Postmodern Literary-Based Ontology

The term ＂ontology＂ is used to describe the nature of reality and demarcates the parameters of existence. An understanding and description of ontology is crucial for academic pursuit as it unveils applicable realities, yet it is often disregarded. The general neglect of ontology provided three motivations for this paper： Firstly, the discussion of the ontological underpinnings in research papers is often neglected while the methodology and methods receive extensive review. Secondly, tertiary students in an academic research-writing course face tremendous difficulty to describe the philosophical ideas that support their interpretation of reality and existence. Thirdly, the philosophical underpinnings of contemporary ontological thought are further complicated by the epistemological challenges posed by the tension between modernism and postmodernism. This paper suggests the use of literature （novels） as a relativity accessible platform to initiate the development of ontological thought. Through a close reading of a sample of Dutch novels published during the last decade of the 20th century, three themes were developed to illuminate the nature of postmodem reality and establish a literary-based ontology. The following three themes were developed： reality as fragments of fiction, reality as dream of paradoxes, and reality as plethora of stories. By using literature as source, ontological thought can be developed to illuminate the extent of the realities acknowledged in research projects.

Fusing the Postmodern and the Gothic to Rebirth Buried Child as the New Frankenstein

A multi-genre and interdisciplinary analysis that compares Sam Shepard＇s classic, Buried Child （1978）, to Mary Shelley＇s Gothic thriller, Frankenstein （2004）. This paper, using a comparative analysis of the texts （a play versus a novel）, argues that Shepard follows Shelley＇s theme and characters in order to frame and create his own even-more modern ＂Prometheus＂, a premise that Shelley borrows to center her novel and to establish the antagonistic origins of her monster-man. Shepard＇s splintered individuals all share a postmodern disillusionment, and as Shelley＇s novel establishes, it is a conflict brought on by an absent or emotionally-removed mother and a brutal father who denies or disavows the ＂child＂ he considers an abomination. Other themes that Shelley and Shepard＇s works have in common include infanticide, incest, a life built on lies, patricide, and an unnatural relationship with Nature.

Border Shifting in Naomi Nye＇s Habibi

This paper investigates how the novel Habibi （1997） by the Arab-American writer Naomi Nye addresses the theme of border shifting from a postmodernist perspective that deconstructs the traditional view of borders meant to maintain exclusion and hegemony and instead considers them as being often flimsy, malleable, and changeable. Drawing upon her experience as a multifarious Arab-American writer whose father was a Palestinian immigrant and whose mother was an American, Nye tries to build bridges across political, national, cultural, and ethnic boundaries. Through a love story between the two protagonists （Liyana, whose father is a Palestinian-American and whose mother is American and Omer, whose parents are Jewish Israelis）, Nye endeavors to bring about a sense of harmony and understanding between the politically, ethnically, culturally, and racially separated J home whether in reality ews and Palestinians. At the end, Liyana＇s family realizes they can have more than one or in imagination.

The Influences of American Deep Image on the Third-Generation Poets in China

The Third-Generation Poetry of China （namely Post-misty Poetry too） initiated with the introduction of Western modernist poetry, especially sorts of American Post-modernist poetry schools into China. ＂The relation between American poetry and Chinese poetry has a long history, which lies in the influences on the creation of the Third-Generation poets. This influence is probably unprecedented in its depth and breadth.＂ ＂Irrational association＂ and ＂leaping images＂ proposed by American Deep Image poets influenced by Freudian and Jungian unconscious perception gained an extraordinary appreciation among the Third-Generation poets who were in pursuit constantly of the experiments on poetic form and language. This paper mainly discusses the influences of American Deep Image on the Third-Generation poets of China through a case study of WANG Yin and CHEN Dongdong＇s poems.

Subversive Abjection and Sublimity in Jeanette Winterson＇s Representation of the Fantastic A Study of The Passion and Sexing the Cherry

Looking at the last decades of the 19th and 20th century from our vantage point encourages parallels to be drawn between the two periods： in fact, both are affected by a process of cultural fragmentation, social, and epistemological transformations and crises that permeate the whole civil society. In the specific field of English literature, the genre of the fantastic is undoubtedly a common presence. In Fantasy： The Literature of Subversion, Jackson （1981） noted the re-emergence of the fantastic as a transgressive force at moments of cultural stress and repression. Waugh （1995） held a similar view in The Harvest of the Sixties. At the end of the 20th century, in its postmodernist shape, fantastic literature becomes one of the favourite genres of a number of feminist writers, and among them, Jeanette Winterson transforms it into a truly transgressive genre. This paper examines Winterson＇s The Passion （1996） and Sexing the Cherry （1990） in the light of Jackson＇s theory of the fantastic, as a narrative that establishes an oppositional dialogic relationship with the ＂real＂, to interrogate it and collapse the traditional distinction between the normative and the ＂other＂. In The Passion, the real is signified by the dominant ideological discourse, exemplified by Napoleon; the fantastic by Villanelle＇s webbed feet and her ability to walk on water. In Sexing the Cherry, the real is represented by the Puritans with their bigoted and hypocritical morality; the fantastic by the huge Dog-Woman and her foundling son, Jordan. Besides, in both novels, the female body is metamorphosed to challenge the view of a ＂normal＂, acceptable femininity; what emerges is a monstrous and sublime body that collapses distinctions between gender boundaries. In Sexing the Cherry （1990）, Winterson created the grotesque, gigantic body of the Dog-Woman, a figure of Kristevan ＂abjection＂. In The Passion （1996）, she gave life to the hybrid body of Villanelle, an oxymoronic combination of the terrible beautiful. The conclusion of the paper argues that Winterson deploys the fantastic to deconstruct the gendered subject of the dominant signifying order and create a dislocated world outside commercial culture, where new voices can be heard, speaking for unheard, neglected groups, particularly women.

＂Postmodern Politics＂ and the Reconstruction of Marxist Critical Discourse

Marxist discourse is subject to incredulity and negative impact under the deconstructionist dissolution of＂totality＂ and negation of historical ＂recta-narrative＂. But the ideological tension of Marxism has constituted the theoretical basis of deconstructionist and postmodernist criticism of Capitalism and its culture. Furthermore, it is the radical hope of postmodernism. Within the scope of＂postmodern politics＂, Marxism still boasts critical competence and theoretical reconstruction capabilities under Capitalist global narrative. ＂Deconstructive Marxism＂ contains complex ideological contradictions, on which we should conduct in-depth criticism.

Mexican Identity on YouTube： A Youngsters＇ User Approach

The work at hand analyzes the visibility of cultural identity of＂Mexico＂ on the YouTube platform （Retrieved from http：//www.youtube.com）. It is focused on qualitative and quantitative analyses of a sampling of 80 videos that appear when the word ＂Mexico＂ is applied in various search formats within the site itself. User profile is also analyzed, along with video title, labels, date of upload, length, view count, thematic category, and commentaries. From this sampling of videos, an analysis is made upon the cultural identity of ＂Mexico＂ within a postmodernist framework of multicultural, fragmented, and decentralized identities （Friedman, 1994）, parting from the theory of cultural hybridization （Pieterse, 2004）, and under the logic of a media convergent culture （Jenkins, 2004a）.

A Study of Parody in The Adventures of Augie March

The Adventures of Augie March （2006） has been approached from various perspectives by critics since its publication. It has been studied from the point of view of culture, religion, history, modernism, postmodemism, and various schools of literary theories, while the use of parody in this novel was comparatively ignored. Through close reading of the novel, the present study finds that in one of his important novels, The Adventures of Augie March, by the use of parody of Augie＇s opposition to various influences with Jacob＇s fight with God, Saul Bellow successfully presents Augie as an image sticking stubbornly to ＂truth, love, peace, bounty, usefulness, harmony＂ and saying perpetually ＂no＂ to persuaders of all kinds of immoral influences, thus providing a more comprehensive reading of the novel.

Organizational Leadership in a Postmodern World： Practical Implications for Contemporary Religious Leaders

We live in an increasingly postmodern society. American Christianity, however, is imbued in a modem---even pre-modern--paradigm. As a result, many contemporary religious leaders find it difficult to communicate with their postmodern constituents, as evidenced by declining attendance rates and religious affiliation. The present study explores this dilemma by offering potential implications for contemporary religious leaders to communicate more effectively with emerging/emergent generation（s）. The author begins this exploration, first, by outlining the philosophical tenants of postmodemism： its epistemological, ontological, and axiological assumptions. Second, the author delineates several key characteristics of postmodern religious communication. Next, the author offers three practical implications for organizational leaders： （1） increased use of personal narrative, （2） removal of hierarchal boundary structures, and （3） increased awareness and appreciation for divergent perspectives. The author concludes this study with directions for future research.

Global Financial Planning Education Standards

Financial planning may not meet all the accepted criteria of traditional professions such as divinity and law, it does, however, fit the post-modernist view of professions characterized by the role played by professional associations. The hallmark of a profession is the presence of a common body of knowledge and it can be claimed that a theoretical body of knowledge for the ＂financial planning profession＂ has always existed, although it has only been in recent times that agreement has been reached on a common understanding of the theoretical basis of the financial planning profession. This common body of knowledge is the basis upon which the Financial Planning Standards Board [FPSB] is attempting to develop a global curriculum as part of the certification process for financial planners. The FPSB has developed a curriculum framework to be applied by its affiliate members to ensure consistency in global education standards. A review of Certified Financial Planner （CFP） certification in Australia, China, India and the United States exposes differences in how this is approached. The Intemational Organization for Standardization [ISO] has also emerged as another forum in which global financial planning education standards have been set. Although the FPSB＇s global financial planning education standards has a high degree of compatibility with the ISO standard, the ISO standard has largely remained as a shelf reference.

The Shadow Lines as a Post Modem Novel

Amitav Ghosh is one the most remarkable writers of the postmodernism era. He excelled in this era with his trend of magic realism. The Shadow Lines is a story told by a nameless narrator in recollection. It＇s a non linear tale told as if putting together the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle in the memory of the narrator. This style of writing is both unique and captivating; unfolding ideas together as time and space coalesce and helping the narrator understand his past better. Revolving around the theme of nationalism in an increasingly globalized world, Ghosh questions the real meaning of political freedom and the borders which virtually seem to both establish and separate. The novel traverses through almost seventy years through the memories of people, which the narrator recollects and narrates, giving their viewpoint along with his own. Though the novel is based largely in Kolkata, Dhaka, and London, it seems to echo the sentiments of whole Southeast Asia, with lucid overtones of Independence and the pangs of Partition.

Interpretations of St. Francis of Assisi in the 20th Century： Philosophical-Anthropological Perspective

The article deals with investigating and comparing key modern and postmodern interpretations of St. Francis of Assisi from a philosophical-anthropological perspective. We determine these interpretations to be as follows： a man of wonder and lover of wisdom, in other words, a true philosopher; hero of all times; defender of the poverty and poor; “champion of liberty”; peace-maker and pacifist; God＇s troubadour; patron of nature and animals. All of these manifestations of St. Francis＇ personality have been enriched by his Christocentrism and joyful vision. Moreover, this can be traced in primary sources and also echoes in the late modern period. Postmodernity not only incorporated similar motives into the cultural space with new focus and accent, but it also put forward some new visions. St. Francis was postulated as God＇s Fool, not so much in the medieval as in the postmodern sense of foolishness and madness as a way of interaction with the absurd and puzzle-like world in which we live. It also reconciles traditional opposition between joy and laughter as inner feelings and outward emotions within the frame of the postmodern Divine Comedy.