The successful rate of transmission coordination of opportunistic routing （OK） is analyzea systematically, and then two efficient transmission coordination mechanisms （TCMs） are proposed for OR： a batch sliding w...The successful rate of transmission coordination of opportunistic routing （OK） is analyzea systematically, and then two efficient transmission coordination mechanisms （TCMs） are proposed for OR： a batch sliding window-based TCM and a bit map-based TCM, to reduce the total number of packet transmissions and improve end-to-end throughput for OR. The batch sliding window-based TCM avoids the oscillation of the successful rate of transmission coordination by transmitting packets in continuous batch mode so as to improve the average successful rate of transmission coordination efficiently, while the bit map-based TCM improves end-to-end throughput of OR by reducing the overhead of transmission coordination. Exhaustive simulations show that the average end-to-end throughput gains of the two proposed TCMs are 15.4% and 6.4% over the batch map-based TCM, respectively.展开更多
As Busan New Port has been developed with a total scale of 30 berths in 2020, the chronic problem of Busan port, a lack of port facilities, is being addressed, and there is a growing interest in regard to port develop...As Busan New Port has been developed with a total scale of 30 berths in 2020, the chronic problem of Busan port, a lack of port facilities, is being addressed, and there is a growing interest in regard to port development with an optimal scale. The Korean container port development under the master plan for national port development reveals a severe problem of excess supply of port facility in some ports. This paper, the authors analysed the second and the third master plan for national port development implemented in 2001 and 2011, and a revised plan in 2006, along with the amended predictions for container throughput. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the implementation of the initial plan, and the current situation of South Korea＇s main container ports of Busan, Gwangyang, Incheon, and Pyeongtaek ＆ Dangjin was examined. Through the analysis of port vitalizations, we have examined the actual problems for the prediction of container throughput. Also, this research analysed the functional difference of each port and organized the function of each one discriminatively. Therefore, identifies the problems, which arise with making the container throughput forecasts, which is a fimdamental aspect of existing port development policy, and suggest a direction for future port development by synthesizing the results of analysis.展开更多
Oral nanoparticles play an important role in improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug. It is necessary to investigate the interaction of nanoparticles with intestinal epithelial cells. In general, na...Oral nanoparticles play an important role in improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug. It is necessary to investigate the interaction of nanoparticles with intestinal epithelial cells. In general, nano-carriers labeled with fluorescent probes are always chosen. However, fluorescent dye via physical loading may leak in complex biological environment and lose its function to trace the transport behavior ofnanoparticles. Fluorescent probes chemically coupled on the nanoparticles may alter the properties of nanoparticles. Therefore, a facile and exact detection method is required to trace intracellular and transcellular pathways of oral nano-medicines. In our study, gold nanoparticles were selected as nano-carriers owing to their unique characteristics of light scattering. The feasibility of gold nanoparticle detection through reflected light signal was tested in different situations, including gold nanoparticle solution, cell and animal level As a result, high resolution image of gold nanoparticles could be detected through reflection mode by confocal laser scanning microscope （CLSM） when excited at a wavelength of 633 nm. The reflected light signal of gold nanoparticles could be clearly shown in different intestinal epithelial cells no matter when they were in fixed or in living state, and the intracellular trafficking and distribution of gold nanoparticles were clearly shown in three-dimensional image. Meanwhile, this method was also applied to rat small intestine in vivo. In conclusion, we believed that this technique was a convenient and precise way to explore the transport behavior of gold nanoparticles via oral administration without fluorescent dye.展开更多
文摘The successful rate of transmission coordination of opportunistic routing （OK） is analyzea systematically, and then two efficient transmission coordination mechanisms （TCMs） are proposed for OR： a batch sliding window-based TCM and a bit map-based TCM, to reduce the total number of packet transmissions and improve end-to-end throughput for OR. The batch sliding window-based TCM avoids the oscillation of the successful rate of transmission coordination by transmitting packets in continuous batch mode so as to improve the average successful rate of transmission coordination efficiently, while the bit map-based TCM improves end-to-end throughput of OR by reducing the overhead of transmission coordination. Exhaustive simulations show that the average end-to-end throughput gains of the two proposed TCMs are 15.4% and 6.4% over the batch map-based TCM, respectively.
文摘As Busan New Port has been developed with a total scale of 30 berths in 2020, the chronic problem of Busan port, a lack of port facilities, is being addressed, and there is a growing interest in regard to port development with an optimal scale. The Korean container port development under the master plan for national port development reveals a severe problem of excess supply of port facility in some ports. This paper, the authors analysed the second and the third master plan for national port development implemented in 2001 and 2011, and a revised plan in 2006, along with the amended predictions for container throughput. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the implementation of the initial plan, and the current situation of South Korea＇s main container ports of Busan, Gwangyang, Incheon, and Pyeongtaek ＆ Dangjin was examined. Through the analysis of port vitalizations, we have examined the actual problems for the prediction of container throughput. Also, this research analysed the functional difference of each port and organized the function of each one discriminatively. Therefore, identifies the problems, which arise with making the container throughput forecasts, which is a fimdamental aspect of existing port development policy, and suggest a direction for future port development by synthesizing the results of analysis.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973 program,Grant No.2015CB932100)the National Natural Fund Project(Grant No.91330103)
文摘Oral nanoparticles play an important role in improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug. It is necessary to investigate the interaction of nanoparticles with intestinal epithelial cells. In general, nano-carriers labeled with fluorescent probes are always chosen. However, fluorescent dye via physical loading may leak in complex biological environment and lose its function to trace the transport behavior ofnanoparticles. Fluorescent probes chemically coupled on the nanoparticles may alter the properties of nanoparticles. Therefore, a facile and exact detection method is required to trace intracellular and transcellular pathways of oral nano-medicines. In our study, gold nanoparticles were selected as nano-carriers owing to their unique characteristics of light scattering. The feasibility of gold nanoparticle detection through reflected light signal was tested in different situations, including gold nanoparticle solution, cell and animal level As a result, high resolution image of gold nanoparticles could be detected through reflection mode by confocal laser scanning microscope （CLSM） when excited at a wavelength of 633 nm. The reflected light signal of gold nanoparticles could be clearly shown in different intestinal epithelial cells no matter when they were in fixed or in living state, and the intracellular trafficking and distribution of gold nanoparticles were clearly shown in three-dimensional image. Meanwhile, this method was also applied to rat small intestine in vivo. In conclusion, we believed that this technique was a convenient and precise way to explore the transport behavior of gold nanoparticles via oral administration without fluorescent dye.
