New lines of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) was obtained by introducing the DNA of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) into wheat cultivar 'Longchun 13'. The changes of respiratory pathway, contents of protein, Na+...New lines of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) was obtained by introducing the DNA of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) into wheat cultivar 'Longchun 13'. The changes of respiratory pathway, contents of protein, Na+ and K+ in the leaves and roots of the new lines of wheat under salt stress were determined and compared with the control cultivar, 'Longchun 13'. The decrease of the content of K+ was observed with the increase of NaCl concentrations, but the decrease was more in the control than that in the new lines, and more in roots than in leaves. Content of proline and Na+ in both two wheats lines increased greatly, but the former increased more significantly in the new lines and the latter more significantly in control both in leaves and roots. The operation of the cyanide-resistant pathway of respiration was enhanced at different degrees after salt stress and it increased much more in roots and leaves of the control plant than that in the new lines, but the cytochrome pathway of electron transport was still the main one consistently. The possible significance of these changes was discussed.展开更多
One influenza H3N2 virus, A/swine/Shandong/3/2005 (Sw/SD/3/2005), was isolated from pigs with respiratory disease on a farm in eastern China. Genetic analysis revealed that Sw/SD/3/2005 was a triple-reassortant virus ...One influenza H3N2 virus, A/swine/Shandong/3/2005 (Sw/SD/3/2005), was isolated from pigs with respiratory disease on a farm in eastern China. Genetic analysis revealed that Sw/SD/3/2005 was a triple-reassortant virus with a PB2 gene from human-like H1N1, NS from classical swine H1N1, and the remaining genes from human-like H3N2 virus. These findings further support the concept that swine can serve as reservoir or mixing vessels of influenza virus strains and maintain genetic and antigenic stability of viruses. Furthermore, we have successfully established a reverse genetics system based on eight plasmids and rescued Sw/SD/3/2005 through cell transfection. HI tests and RT-PCR confirmed that the rescued virus maintained the biological properties of the wild type Sw/SD/3/2005. The successful establishment of the reverse genetics system of Sw/SD/3/2005 will enable us to conduct extensive studies of the molecular evolution of H3N2 influenza viruses in swine.展开更多
Energy expenditure of the meridian system in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for living human bodies is one of the fundamental questions regarding the physical properties of the meridian system.As a first attempt to ...Energy expenditure of the meridian system in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for living human bodies is one of the fundamental questions regarding the physical properties of the meridian system.As a first attempt to address this,24 hand/foot meridians were modeled as a continuous channel with the sustainable movement of Qi and blood inside.Then,the fluid mechanics energy equation for steady and incompressible flow was applied to estimate the pumping power of meridian circulation,based on the meridian length,blood viscosity and circulation velocity.Additional findings based on the pumping power estimation results include:(1)new information to corroborate the determination of the production era of Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classics(Huang Di Nei Jing,《黄帝内经》);(2)a new definition for work of breathing(WOB)from a TCM perspective.This paper could lead to future research aimed at modernizing the understanding of the meridian system,Qi and TCM using quantitative methods.展开更多
文摘New lines of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) was obtained by introducing the DNA of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) into wheat cultivar 'Longchun 13'. The changes of respiratory pathway, contents of protein, Na+ and K+ in the leaves and roots of the new lines of wheat under salt stress were determined and compared with the control cultivar, 'Longchun 13'. The decrease of the content of K+ was observed with the increase of NaCl concentrations, but the decrease was more in the control than that in the new lines, and more in roots than in leaves. Content of proline and Na+ in both two wheats lines increased greatly, but the former increased more significantly in the new lines and the latter more significantly in control both in leaves and roots. The operation of the cyanide-resistant pathway of respiration was enhanced at different degrees after salt stress and it increased much more in roots and leaves of the control plant than that in the new lines, but the cytochrome pathway of electron transport was still the main one consistently. The possible significance of these changes was discussed.
文摘One influenza H3N2 virus, A/swine/Shandong/3/2005 (Sw/SD/3/2005), was isolated from pigs with respiratory disease on a farm in eastern China. Genetic analysis revealed that Sw/SD/3/2005 was a triple-reassortant virus with a PB2 gene from human-like H1N1, NS from classical swine H1N1, and the remaining genes from human-like H3N2 virus. These findings further support the concept that swine can serve as reservoir or mixing vessels of influenza virus strains and maintain genetic and antigenic stability of viruses. Furthermore, we have successfully established a reverse genetics system based on eight plasmids and rescued Sw/SD/3/2005 through cell transfection. HI tests and RT-PCR confirmed that the rescued virus maintained the biological properties of the wild type Sw/SD/3/2005. The successful establishment of the reverse genetics system of Sw/SD/3/2005 will enable us to conduct extensive studies of the molecular evolution of H3N2 influenza viruses in swine.
文摘Energy expenditure of the meridian system in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for living human bodies is one of the fundamental questions regarding the physical properties of the meridian system.As a first attempt to address this,24 hand/foot meridians were modeled as a continuous channel with the sustainable movement of Qi and blood inside.Then,the fluid mechanics energy equation for steady and incompressible flow was applied to estimate the pumping power of meridian circulation,based on the meridian length,blood viscosity and circulation velocity.Additional findings based on the pumping power estimation results include:(1)new information to corroborate the determination of the production era of Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classics(Huang Di Nei Jing,《黄帝内经》);(2)a new definition for work of breathing(WOB)from a TCM perspective.This paper could lead to future research aimed at modernizing the understanding of the meridian system,Qi and TCM using quantitative methods.
