“哥曼德”巾帼英雄第一人

作为世界上历史最悠久、时间最漫长、内容最艰难的特种兵选拔训练，自第二次世界大战设立以来，英国海军陆战队“哥曼德”训练曾经让无数须眉或望而却步，或中途退出，令人仰慕的绿色贝雷帽和“哥曼德”臂章似乎永远只属于极少数勇士。然而，2002年，这个保持了近60年的“哥曼德”训练记录却被菲利帕·塔特莎尔打破，她成为了英军历史上第一位、也是迄今为止惟一一位戴上英国皇家海军陆战队“哥曼德”绿色贝雷帽的女性。

亲历英军“哥曼德”训练

有人说凡是碰到战争,美国总统布什的第一反应就是:“我们的航空母舰在哪里?”而英国首相布莱尔的第一个反应则是:“我们的海军陆战队在哪里?”从海湾战争、阿富汗战争到伊拉克战争,到处都可以看到佩戴绿色贝雷帽和“哥曼德”臂章的英国皇家海军陆战队。那么他们到底是怎样训练的呢?2002年7月,我在英国皇家海军学院学习期间,到英国海军陆战队突击队员训练中心体验了“哥曼德”训练。

特种部队大扫描

9．11事件及其一系列连锁反应标志着新世纪不会比上个世纪太平多少。纵观近几年所发生的几场局部战争，总少不了特种部队的身影，其所发挥的作用，也越来越为世人所瞩目。

是军营也是炼狱——英国海军陆战队训练中心见闻

作为英国特种部队，历史上的“哥曼德”曾经叱咤风云；作为英国海军陆战队，当代的“哥曼德”依然威名远扬。2002年，我在英国皇家海军学院学习期间，有幸参观了“哥曼德”训练中心，并亲身体验了“哥曼德”训练。“哥曼德”训练中心不仅拥有现代化的训练手段和先进的训练方法，其独特的训练“悖论”更是耐人寻味，发人深思。

The Pontecorvo Affaire Reappraised： Five Decades of Cold War Spy-Stories （1948-1998）

In August 1950, the nuclear physicist Bruno Pontecorvo suddenly left Rome for Stockholm and disappeared without leaving any trace. Pontecorvo had joined the British atomic bomb project. His abrupt disappearance quickly became an international affaire, causing much concern to the western intelligence services, who were worried about the escape of atomic secrets to the Soviet Union, especially after Fuchs＇ famous case. In the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics （USSR）, Pontecorvo was welcomed with honour, but also isolated from the rest of the world for many decades. He always denied any direct involvement in the Soviet nuclear programme. According to him, he moved to Russia because of his socialist beliefs, working only on particle physics and peaceful applications of atomic energy. Who was really Bruno Pontecorvo？ A pacifist like Robert Oppenheimer or a communist agent like Klaus Fuchs？ Did he have access to any information about the Manhattan Project during the war, thanks to his friendship with Enrico Fermi？ Did he spy on the Anglo-Canadian programme like Igor Gouzenko, before moving to Russia？ Did he join Soviet military projects across more than 30 years in Dubna？ The author will discuss how the perception of Pontecorvo＇s case changed in the public opinion from the 1950s until the 1990s, as a mirror of the tensions between the two blocks. The whole affaire was object of harsh political confrontation in Italy for almost 50 years. Therefore, the author will also focus on the role played by the Italian communists in Pontecorvo＇s defection to the USSR as well as on such a local debate, which reflects the history of the post-war Italian Communist Party （PCI） until the end of the Cold War.

中国特种部队

说起特种部队，人们很容易想起英国的“哥曼德”、美国的“绿色贝雷帽”、俄罗斯的“阿尔法”、以色列的“野小子”……这些各种异帜的精锐之师，以超能力的战斗队员、超常规的编制装备和神秘莫测的战斗行动，在世界战争舞台上上演了一幕幕惊心动魄的真人剧。

特种部队巡礼之英国特别空勤团

“哥曼德”的继承者SAS诞生于第二次世界大战初期，最初的名字是“空降哥曼德”。1941年7月，这支部队在北非开展行动，改名“L支队”。他们凭借60多人的力量，在1年时间内炸毁了德军数十个弹药库以及200余架飞机，获得了“红魔”的称号。