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敦煌文献词语“貌哨”诂诠 被引量:4
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作者 黄交军 任连明 丁红杰 《辽东学院学报(社会科学版)》 2008年第4期57-63,共7页
敦煌文献词语"貌哨",目前仅见王梵志《吾富有钱时》一诗,而前辈解释多有歧见。文章立足于中古文献典籍,结合音韵、方言、汉语造词语法及文字训诂等材料重新解释了该词,从普方古等三个语言平面对词义进行多角度详尽论证,以觅... 敦煌文献词语"貌哨",目前仅见王梵志《吾富有钱时》一诗,而前辈解释多有歧见。文章立足于中古文献典籍,结合音韵、方言、汉语造词语法及文字训诂等材料重新解释了该词,从普方古等三个语言平面对词义进行多角度详尽论证,以觅其确诂,揭示语源。众多文献资料充分表明"貌哨"非为"貌魈",无"貌丑"义,应属隋唐之际的口头俗语,本义为相貌不正,词义引申为态度不正,意即看不顺眼,诗中义指(妇儿对吾)态度冷淡。 展开更多
关键词 王梵志 吾富有钱时 诂诠 语源
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中古汉语词义研究札记 被引量:1
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作者 周俊勋 朱庆之 《西南交通大学学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 2011年第4期14-17,56,共5页
将中古汉语词语"貌哨"、"帀帀"、"空"纳入从东汉到宋的整个语料背景中考察,可知"貌哨"不是一般理解的描写容貌的词,而是表示态度的形容词;"帀帀"的词义不是"形容水沸腾的样子&q... 将中古汉语词语"貌哨"、"帀帀"、"空"纳入从东汉到宋的整个语料背景中考察,可知"貌哨"不是一般理解的描写容貌的词,而是表示态度的形容词;"帀帀"的词义不是"形容水沸腾的样子",而是"密集"的意思;"空"在中古时期具有"单一,素的"的词义。之所以误释,是因为这些词语的词义发生了虚化,所以在确定其词义时,就不能仅仅满足于考察上下文,还要结合词语本身的演变轨迹,通过词义系统去求证。 展开更多
关键词 中古汉语 王梵志诗 帀帀
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Application of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in breast cancer patients 被引量:1
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作者 Tao Zhang Baoning Zhang +6 位作者 Hong Wang Baoping Chen Xiliang Wei Ying Fu Lin Liu HongyingYang Shengzu Ghen 《The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology》 CAS 2007年第1期52-54,共3页
Objective: To discuss if the sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is able to reflect the status of the axillary lymph node and the application of this technic in clinic. Methods: Using^ 99mTc-signed dextran, SLN-biop... Objective: To discuss if the sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is able to reflect the status of the axillary lymph node and the application of this technic in clinic. Methods: Using^ 99mTc-signed dextran, SLN-biopsy (SLNB) was carried out in 182 cases with breast cancer during May 1999 to September 2006. During the operation, y-detector was used for orientation. After the SLNB, a modified radical mastectomy or breast conserving surgery were carried out to the patients, then a particular separate pathological examination of the SLN was made. Results: 178 cases of SLNB were carried out successfully, and the success rate was 97.8%, the out-checked SLN of each case ranged from 1 to 4, with an average of 2.5. All SLN was located at the first level of axilla, sensitivity of the SLN B was 93.4%, specificity was 100%, false negative rate was 6.6%, false positive rate was 0, accuracy was 97.8%, positive predictive value was 100.0%, negative predictive value was 96.7%, and Youden's index was 0.934. Immunohistochemical examination was carried out in 59 cases of SLN, and 14 cases showed the existences of micro-metastasis, however, metastasis had not been found in non-SLN of these cases. Conclusion: SLN is able to reflect the metastasis of the axillary lymph node, and this can suggest the necessity of the axillary dissection in clinic. The SLNB using the isotope-tracer technic is simple and accurate. 展开更多
关键词 breast neoplasms / surgery radionuclide imaging sentinel lymph node
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Sentinel lymph node biopsy in renal malignancy: The past, present and future
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作者 Tharani Mahesan Alberto Coscione +1 位作者 Ben Ayres Nick Watkin 《World Journal of Nephrology》 2016年第2期182-188,共7页
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is now an establishedtechnique in penile and pelvic cancers, resulting in alower mortality and morbidity when compared withthe traditional lymph node dissection. In renal cancer how... Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is now an establishedtechnique in penile and pelvic cancers, resulting in alower mortality and morbidity when compared withthe traditional lymph node dissection. In renal cancer however, despite some early successes for the SLNB technique, paucity of data remains a problem, thus lymph node dissection and extended lymph node dissection remain the management of choice in clinically node positive patients, with surveillance of lymph nodes in those who are clinically node negative. SLNB is a rapidly evolving technique and the introduction of new techniques such as near infra-red fuorescence optical imaging agents and positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans, may improve sensitivity. Evidence in support of this has already been recorded in bladder and prostate cancer.Although the lack of large multi-centre studies and issues around false negativity currently prevent its widespread use, with evolving techniques improving accuracy and the support of large-scale studies, SLNB does have the potential to become an integral part of staging in renal malignancy. 展开更多
关键词 Sentinel lymph node biopsy Dynamic sentinel node Renal malignancy LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY Near infra-red fuorescence Penile cancer Lymphatic drainage
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Distribution pattern of solitary lymph node in middle third gastric cancer
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作者 Caigang Liu Jian Wang +5 位作者 Ping Lu (Co-First Author) Yang Lu Jixian Shan Huimian Xu Shubao Wang Junqing Chen 《The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology》 CAS 2007年第5期444-446,共3页
Objective: To investigate the distribution pathway of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in middle third gastric carci-noma, as the foundation for rational lymphadenectomy. Methods: 52 cases of middle third tumors with solita... Objective: To investigate the distribution pathway of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in middle third gastric carci-noma, as the foundation for rational lymphadenectomy. Methods: 52 cases of middle third tumors with solitary lymph nodes from 1852 gastric carcinomas were selected. The locations and histological types of metastatic lymph nodes were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Of 52 solitary node metastases cases, 37 were limited to perigastric nodes (N1), while 15 with skipping metastasis. In the 35 cases with tumor of lesser curvature, there were 17 cases found lymph nodes of the lesser curvature side (No. 3), 5 cases involved lymph nodes of the greater curvature (No. 4), and 8 cases with lymph nodes of the left gastric artery (No. 7). In the 17 cases with tumor of greater curvature, 7 cases spread to No. 4, while 3 metastasized to lymph nodes of the spleen hilum (No. 10). The difference of the histological types in groups N1 and over N1, were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Adjacent metastasis formed the primary distribution pattern of SLN in middle third gastric carcinoma, transversal and skipping metastases being also notable. 展开更多
关键词 gastric cancer lymph node metastasis sentinel lymph node
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Evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in vulvar, endometrial and cervical cancers
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作者 Jenna Emerson Katina Robison 《World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology》 2016年第1期78-86,共9页
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies are a sensitive tool in evaluating lymph nodes for multiple cancers, and in some diseases they decrease morbidity in both the short- and long-term. SLN detection in gynecologic mal... Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies are a sensitive tool in evaluating lymph nodes for multiple cancers, and in some diseases they decrease morbidity in both the short- and long-term. SLN detection in gynecologic malignancies has been studied extensively over the past decade. We review the current literature on SLN dissection in vulvar, endometrial and cervical cancers. Large, well-designed trials in each of the three types of cancer have demonstrated high sensitivity and low false-negative rates when SLN biopsy is performed in the correct patients and with an appropriate technical approach. In all of these cases the addition of ultra-staging to conventional pathology yields increased detection of micrometastatic disease. Biopsy of the sentinel nodes is feasible and safe in early vulvar malignancies, with multiple studies describing low recurrence rates in those women who have with negative SLNs. There does not appear to be a survival benefit to lymphadenectomy over SLN biopsy and quality of life is improved in women undergoing SLN biopsy. Optimal treatment strategies for women with positive nodal biopsies, particularly in cases with micrometastatic disease, remain unclear. Multiple large studies investigating the utility of SLN biopsy in endometrial malignancy have found that sentinel nodal status is a reliable predictor of metastases in women with low-risk disease. Prospective studies are ongoing and suggest sentinel nodal detection may soon become widely accepted as an alternative standard of care for select cases of endometrial cancer. In cervical cancer, SLN biopsy is accurate for diagnosing metastatic disease in early stage tumors (≤ 2 cm diameter or stage ≤ IB2) where the risk of metastasis is low. It is unknown if women who undergo SLN biopsy alone will have different survival outcomes than women who undergo complete lymphadenectomy in these cases. In a specific population of women with vulvar cancer, SLN dissection is an effective and safe alternative to complete dissection. It can be offered as an alternative management strategy in these women. In women who do undergo SLN biopsy, it is associated with improved quality of life. Promising evidence supporting the utility of SLN dissection in endometrial and cervical cancer continues to emerge, and it may soon become a reasonable option for select patients. However, continued research and refnement of appropriate patient selection and long-term follow-up are necessary. 展开更多
关键词 Gynecologic malignancies Sentinel lymph node Endometrial cancer Cervical cancer Vulvar cancer
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Signif icance of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy and Immunohistochemistry in Diagnosis and Staging of Stage-cN0 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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作者 Yong Ding Jingqiu Bu Jiahe Tian Rongfa Bu Baixuan Xu Mingzhe Shao 《Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology》 CSCD 2007年第1期56-60,共5页
OBJECTIVE To assess the significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), serial section and cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining in the diagnosis and staging of Stage-cNO oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC),... OBJECTIVE To assess the significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), serial section and cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining in the diagnosis and staging of Stage-cNO oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), METHODS A blue stain, 99mTc-dextran SPECT lymphoscintigrapgy and intraoperative y-ray probes were used to examine the sentinel nodes in 31 cases with Stage-oNO oral cancer, The H&E staining and a cytokeratin AE1/ AE3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessment, with serial sections, were conducted to provide results obtained from a routine pathological examination of lymph nodes, The value of the routine pathological examination of the sentinel lymph node (SLN), serial sections and IHC determination for cervical lymph node metastasis of Stage-cN0 OSCC was appraised, RESULTS A total of 45, 55 and 51 SLNs were examined in 25 (80%), 31 (100%) and 30 (96,5%) of the cases, by using the blue stain, y-ray probes, and SPECT lymphoscintigraphy, respectively, The average SLNs found in each case of the groups was 1,4 (1 to 3) and there were 1,302 non-NSLNs, Six positive SLN metastases were detected by routine pathological examination, among which 1 case was found to be an accompanied positive metastasis of non-SLN, One positive SLN metastasis was found after examination of serial sections plus routine H&E staining and 2 were detected using serial sections plus AE3 immunohistochemical staining methods, No positive NSLNs were found in the study, CONCLUSION In order to make more progress in accurate SLNB diagnosis, serial sections and IHC (AE1/AE3) methods can be used for examination of the micrometastases which are difficult to identify by routine pathological sections and H&E staining. 展开更多
关键词 oral squamous cell carcinoma sentinel lymph node MICROMETASTASIS serial sections immunohistochemistry.
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Sentinel Lymph Node Identification in Endometrial Cancer
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作者 Bin Li Lingying Wu +5 位作者 Xiaoguang Li wHaizhen Lu Ping Bai Shumin Li Wenhua Zhang Jǖzhen Gao 《Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology》 CSCD 2009年第2期124-128,共5页
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of intra-operativedetection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in the patient withendometrial cancer (EC).METHODS Thirty-one patients with Stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ endometrialcancer, who underw... OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of intra-operativedetection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in the patient withendometrial cancer (EC).METHODS Thirty-one patients with Stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ endometrialcancer, who underwent a hysterectomy and a lymphadenectomy,were enrolled in the study. At laparotomy, methylene blue dyetracer was injected into the subserosal myometrium of corpusuteri at multiple sites, and dye uptake into the lymphatic channelswas observed. The blue nodes which were identified as SLNs weretraced and excised. The other nodes were then removed. All of theexcised nodes were submitted for pathological hematoxylin andeosin (H&E) staining examination.RESULTS Failure of dye uptake occurred in 4 of the 31 cases(12.9%) because of spillage, and no lymphatic coloration wasobserved there. Lymphatic staining was clearly observable as bluedye diffused to the lymphatic channels of the uterine surface andthe infundibulopelvic ligaments in 27 (87.1%) cases. Concurrentcoloration in the pelvic lymphatic vessels was also observed in 22of the 27 patients. The SLNs were identified in 23 of the 27 (85.2%)cases with a lymphatic staining, with a total number of 90 SLNs,and a mean of 3.9 in each case (range, 1-10). Besides one SLN (1.1%)in the para-aortic area, the other 89 (98.9%) were in the nodes ofthe pelvis. The most dense locations of SLNs included obturator in38 (42.2%) and interiliac in 19 (21.1%) cases. In our group, pelviclymphadenectomy was conducted in 27 (87.1%) patients andpelvic nodal sampling in 4 (12.9%). Of the 31 cases, a concurrentabdominal para-aortic lymph node sampling was conducted in7. A total of 926 nodes were harvested, with an average of 39.8 ineach case (range, 14-55). Nodal metastases occurred in 3 patients(9.7%), 2 of them with SLN involvement and the other withoutSLN involvement. Adverse reactions or injury related to the studywas not found.CONCLUSION Application of methylene blue dye is feasible inan intra-operative SLN identification of endometrial cancer. Thetechnology is convenient, safe, and worth further investigation. 展开更多
关键词 endometrial tumor lymphatic metastasis sentinel lymph node biopsy lymphadenectomy.
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找准内参“哨点” 助力基层治理--以富阳日报社新闻内参为例
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作者 徐时松 《中国报业》 2021年第23期58-59,共2页
“知屋漏者在宇下,知政失者在草野”。受地域的限制,县级融媒体的传播力、影响力受到一定的局限,但县级融媒体有其贴近基层、贴近群众、贴近实际的独特优势。通过深入基层调查研究,找准新闻内参“哨点”,不断提升新闻内参的精准性,撰写... “知屋漏者在宇下,知政失者在草野”。受地域的限制,县级融媒体的传播力、影响力受到一定的局限,但县级融媒体有其贴近基层、贴近群众、贴近实际的独特优势。通过深入基层调查研究,找准新闻内参“哨点”,不断提升新闻内参的精准性,撰写出高质量的新闻内参,助力基层社会治理,对增强县级融媒体引导力、公信力具有重要意义。 展开更多
关键词 新闻内参 “哨点” 精准性 基层治理
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新拍手识字歌
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作者 志军 《阅读(小学生双语低年级版)》 2009年第4期18-19,共2页
伸出小手拍一拍,快乐识字看过来,小小肖字会变脸,千变万化真精彩。你拍一,我拍一,吹起口哨多动听;
关键词 小学 语文教学 汉字 识字方法 “哨” “消”
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Sentinel lymph nodes lymphoscintigraphy and biopsy in breast cancer
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作者 徐敏 刘琳 +1 位作者 孙耘田 陈盛祖 《Chinese Medical Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第8期1137-1140,145-146,共4页
OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical value of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection by lympho- scintigraphy and gamma ray detecting probe (GDP) and to assess the value of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining combin... OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical value of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection by lympho- scintigraphy and gamma ray detecting probe (GDP) and to assess the value of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC) analys is for detecting micrometastasis in lymph nodes (LNs).  METHODS: Forty-two patients with breast cancer were included in this study. (99)Tc(m)-dextran was injected peritumourally. Lymphoscintigraphy images were obtained in anterior and lateral views. SLNs were removed with the aid of GDP during surgery. A standard axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) dissection was performed. All lymph nodes were first analyzed by HE staining. When all of the SLNs in a patient were negative, the ALNs were subjected to additional HE staining combined with IHC analysis. RESULTS: SLNs were successfully detected and removed in 39 (92.9%) of the 42 patients. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of SLN biopsy were 92.9% (13 in 14), 100% (25 in 25) and 97.4% (38 in 39) respectively.  Additional HE staining combined with IHC analysis of the ALNs detected micrometastasis in 3 SLNs (2 cases), but there were no positives in the non-sentinal lymph nodes (NSLNs). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that lymphoscintigraphy and GDP may be used to detect SLN. Additional HE staining combined with IHC analysis of the ALNs may help predict micrometastasis. Biopsy of SLN may be an accurate method for staging breast cancer. 展开更多
关键词 Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ADULT Aged Breast Neoplasms DEXTRANS FEMALE Humans IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY Lymph Nodes Middle Aged Organotechnetium Compounds
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Secondary sentinel lymph node tracing technique: a new method for tracing lymph nodes in radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer 被引量:2
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作者 Zong-lin LI Huai-wu JIANG +3 位作者 Min SONG Liang XU Dong XIA Qing LIU 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第11期897-903,共7页
Objective: To explore the feasibility and clinical value of secondary sentinel lymph node (SSLN) tracing technique in radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Methods: From January 2009 to June 201... Objective: To explore the feasibility and clinical value of secondary sentinel lymph node (SSLN) tracing technique in radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Methods: From January 2009 to June 2011,247 patients who suffered from gastric angle cancer with metastasis in No. 3 group lymph nodes were divided randomly into groups A and B. Methylthioninium chloride was injected into the peripheral tissue of the metastatic No. 3 group lymph nodes of 138 patients in group A before tumor resections. SSLNs were traced and individual lymphadenectomies were carried out based on the biopsy results of the SSLNs. Standard D2 radical gastrectomies were carried out directly on 109 patients in group B. Postoperative follow-up and survival analysis were carried out for patients in both groups. Results: SSLNs were found in 114 (82.6%) patients in group A. Ninety of those patients (78.9%) demonstrated existing metastasis in SSLNs. According to Kaplan-Meier's method, the postoperative 3-year cumulative survival rates were 63.5% and 47.5%, and the median survival time were 40 and 36 months for the patients of groups A and B, respectively (P〈0.05). Conclusions: The SSLN tracing technique is feasible in radical gastrectomy for AGC. It gives surgeons important information about the terminal status of lymph node metastasis and provides some scientific basis for individual lymphadenectomy. 展开更多
关键词 Secondary sentinel lymph node (SSLN) Advanced gastric cancer (AGC) Individual lymphadenectomy Survival analysis
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Observation and analysis of whistler-mode wave and electrostatic solitary waves within density depletion near magnetic reconnection X-line
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作者 LI ShiYou ZHANG ShiFeng +2 位作者 CAI Hong DENG XiaoHua YANG HuaBo 《Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第4期652-658,共7页
The PWI/WFC data onboard Geotail during one burst time interval when Geotail is skimming a magnetic reconnection diffusion region in the near-Earth magnetotail is carefully analyzed.Both the whistler-mode wave and the... The PWI/WFC data onboard Geotail during one burst time interval when Geotail is skimming a magnetic reconnection diffusion region in the near-Earth magnetotail is carefully analyzed.Both the whistler-mode wave and the electrostatic solitary wave are found within the region with density depletion on the boundary layer near the magnetic reconnection X-line.The whistler-mode wave is electromagnetic whistler wave propagating quasi-parallel to the ambient field with a small angle between the wave vector and the ambient magnetic field.The whistler-mode wave associated with ESWs suggests that enhanced electromagnetic whistler-mode fluctuations can also be generated after the decay of the ESWs,which is different from the 2-D PIC simulation results. 展开更多
关键词 magnetic reconnection whistler-mode electrostatic solitary waves density depletion
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