语文教学要做到“四慢”

语文能力的提升是最需要慢功夫的，语文教学要做到“四慢”：慢慢读、慢慢问、慢慢说、慢慢写。

Effect of WeiJia on carbon tetrachloride induced chronic liver injury

AIM： To study the effect of WeiJia on chronic liver injury using carbon tetrachloride （CCh） induced liver injury animal model. METHODS： Wistar rats weighing 180-220g were randomly divided into three groups： normal control group （Group A）, CCh induced liver injury control group （Group B） and CCI4 induction with WeiJia treatment group （Group C）. Each group consisted of 14 rats. Liver damage and fibrosis was induced by subcutaneous injection with 40% CCh in olive oil at 3 mL/kg body weight twice a week for eight weeks for Groups B and C rats whereas olive oil was used for Group A rats. Starting from the third week, Group C rats also received daily intraperitoneal injection of Wei.lia at a dose of 1.25 μg/kg body weight. Animals were sacrificed at the fifth week （4 male, 3 female）, and eighth week （4 male, 3 female） respectively. Degree of fibrosis were measured and serological markers for liver fibrosis and function including hyaluronic acid （HA）, type Ⅳ collagen （CIV）, γ-glutamyl transferase （γ-GT）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were determined. Alpha smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） immunohistochemistry were also performed. RESULTS： CCl4 induction led to the damage of liver and development of fibrosis in Group B and Group C rats when compared to Group A rats. The treatment of WeiJia in Group C rats could reduce the fibrosis condition significantly compared to Group B rats. The effect could be observed after three weeks of treatment and was more obvious after eight weeks of treatment. Serum HA, CIV,ALT, AST and γ-GT levels after eight weeks of treatment for Group C rats were 58±22 μg/L （P〈0.01）, 57±21 μg/L （P〈0.01）, 47±10 U/L （P〈0.01）, 139±13 U/L （P〈0.05） and 52±21 U/L （P〉0.05） respectively, similar to normal control group （Group A）, but significantly different from CCh induced liver injury control group （Group B）. An increase in PCNA and decrease in α-SMA expression level was also observed. CONCLUSION： WeiJia could improve liver function and reduce liver fibrosis which might be through the inhibition of stellate cell activity.

An Experimental Study on Drugs for Improving Blood Circulation and Removing Blood Stasis in Treating Mild Chronic Hepatic Damage

Large and small doses of drugs for improving blood circulation and removing blood stasis were used in model rats to treat mild chronic hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The results show that large dose of Dang Gui ([symbol: see text] Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Dan Shen ([symbol: see text] Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) (drugs for regulating blood flow) and small dose of Yu Jin ([symbol: see text] Radix Curcumae) and Niu Xi ([symbol: see text] Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) (drugs for activating blood flow) can significantly elevate the activity of SOD (P

Effect of Sini San Freeze-dried powder on sleep-waking cycle in insomnia rats

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the Sini San at different doses on each sleeping state[slow-wave sleep 1(SWS1), slow-wave sleep 2(SWS2), rapid-eye-movement(REM), wakefulness(W)] in insomnia rats and to identify its mode of ac-tion for improving sleep.METHODS: The insomnia rats were randomly divided into a high-, medium- or low-dose group of Sini San(equal to crude drug 8.8, 4.4, or 2.2 g/kg, respectively) for seven consecutive days.RESULTS: Compared with pre-administration,SWS2 was significantly increased after administration of the low dose. Compared with pre-administration, W was significantly decreased and SWS1,SWS2, and the total sleeping time(TST) were markedly increased after administration of the medium dose. Compared with pre-administration, W was significantly decreased and SWS1, SWS2, rapid-eye-movement sleep, and TST were significantly longer after administration of the high dose. The effects of Sini San on sleep-wake cycle are dose-dependent.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Sini San extends SWS1 and SWS2, which increases the total sleeping time.