以“四激”为推手 促成学生自尊自律乐观向上

《品德与社会》的课程目标中指出:要学生养成自尊自律、乐观向上的态度。目前学生在这方面的现状不容乐观。笔者以"激发自信,我能行;激扬自尊,我尊重;激奋情绪,我真棒;激励自律,我坚持"为推手,以期在师生教学相长的过程中,促成学生自尊自律、乐观向上。

小学语文教学中激趣“四法”

作为新时代的教师,我们必须摒弃旧的教育教学观念,树立新的教育教学观念,在新的教育观念引导下开展小学语文教学。营造轻松愉快的学习环境,创设高效的教学课堂,让学生成为课堂的主人。教师要做好导演,采取不同的方法来充分激发学生的学习兴趣,充分调动学生的学习积极性,让学生爱上语文,喜欢语文,从中得到最大的乐趣。

Study on Relation between Endogenous Phytohormones and Ovule Abortion in Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia

This study was conducted to investigate ovule abortion of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia and its reasons. It was found that in the ovule development period of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia from 15 d after coronal opening, the levels of growth-promoting endogenous hormones in abortive ovules were lower than those in normal ovules, and the level of a growth-inhibiting hormone was always higher than those in normal ovules, indicating that ovule abortion of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia might be related to abnormal endogenous phytohormones in ovules. This study laid a foundation for further study on highly sterile phenomenon of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia seeds.

Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes liver cell proliferation via a positive cascade loop involving arachidonic acid metabolism and p-ERK1/2

Hepatitis B virus X protein （HBx） plays a crucial role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we sought to identify the mechanisms by which HBx mediates liver cell proliferation. We found that HBx upregulated the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）, 5-1ipoxygenase （5-LOX） and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 （p-ERK1/2） in liver cells. HBx-induced p-ERK1/2 was abolished by inhibition of Gi/o proteins, COX or LOX. In addition, HBx increased the amounts of prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） and leukotriene B4 （LTB4） released from cell lines derived from hepatocytes. Moreover, these released arachidonic acid metabolites were able to activate ERK1/2. Interestingly, activated ERK1/2 could upregulate the expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX in a positive feedback manner. In conclusion, HBx enhances and maintains liver cell proliferation via a positive feedback loop involving COX-2, 5-LOX, released arachidonic acid metabolites, Gi/o proteins and p-ERK1/2.

问题驱学:“四激·四学”教学模式的构建与思考——以“解直角三角形”(第1课时)教学为例

问题是数学的心脏,教学中如何处理问题与学生学习的关系长期困扰着一线教师。从情境、经验、例题、应用四个层面,分别实施生长性问题导学、开放性问题探学、变式性问题思学、发散性问题悟学,以此促进学生间生动的、富有思维碰撞的学习过程,最终实现师生的共同发展。

Nonclassical Effects of a Four-Level Excited-Doublet Atom Model

We adopt a dynamical algebraic method to study a four-level excited-doublet atom model and obtain the explicit expressions of the time-evolution operator and the density operator for the system. The nonclassical effects of the system, such as collapses and revivals of the atomic inversion and squeezing of the radiation field, are also discussed.

Effects of total soy saponins on free radicals in the quadriceps femoris,serum testosterone,LDH,and BUN of exhausted rats

Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of total soy saponins(TS) on the free radical metabolism from the quadriceps femoris muscle,serum testosterone,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) in rats exercised to exhaustion.Methods:A one-time exhausted treadmill exercise session was used.Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups:a control group—animals receiving no TS and no exercise(NTSNE),animals receiving TS but no exercise group(TSNE),animals receiving no TS but exercised to exhaustion group(NTSE),and animals receiving TS and exercised to exhaustion group(TSE).The TSNE and TSE groups were fed TS at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight once per day for 2 weeks.The NTSE group was given a placebo,and the NTSNE group was not given any treatment.The NTSE and TSE groups were exercised at speed of 30 m/min on treadmill until exhausted.The exercise time and exercise distance were recorded when the rats became exhausted and the rats were then decapitated and anatomized immediately.A 10% homogenate of the quadriceps femoris tissue was prepared.The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),glutathione reductase(GR),reduced glutathione(GSH),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),LDH,BUN,and serum testosterone were tested.Results:TS significantly increased the exercise time to exhaustion by 20.62%(p < 0.05).The MDA levels were decreased significantly in the TSNE group than in NTSNE group(p < 0.05);the T-AOC levels increased significantly in the TSNE group than in the other 3 groups(p < 0.01,p < 0.05,p < 0.05).The LDH activity significantly increased in the NTSE group than in TSNE group(p < 0.05).The BUN levels significantly increased in the NTSE group than in the other 3 groups(p < 0.01,p < 0.01,p < 0.05),and significantly increased in the TSE group than in NTSNE and TSNE groups(both p < 0.01).The serum testosterone levels increased significantly in the TSNE group than in the other 3 groups(all p < 0.01).SOD,CAT,GSH-Px,GR,and GSH were not statistically different among the groups.Conclusion:TS can significantly improve the exercised rats' serum testosterone level and antioxidant activity in their quadriceps femoris to varying degrees,decrease MDA and serum LDH and BUN levels,increase the exercise time,and delay the occurrence of the fatigue.

Detection Techniques of Femtosecond Lasers

The measurement techniques of femtosecond spectroscopy are effective method to investigate ultrafast dynamics, they are widely used in the fields of physics, chemistry and biology. In this paper, the principle, experiment setup and the approaches to deal with the experiment data were presented. Then different measurement techniques such as transient absorption spectroscopy, photon echoes, optical Kerr effect and degenerate four-wave mixing were explained with special examples. At last, the application prospect of measurement techniques of femtosecond spectroscopy was forecasted.

Effect of Avocado （Persea Americana）, Cabbage （Brassica Oleracea） and Ginger （Zingiber Officinale） on Rat Liver and Thyroid Injuries Induced by CCI4 （Carbon Tetrachloride）

Avocado, Cabbage, and Ginger are a part of a regular human diet and have antioxidant, and antitumor effects. The effect of AVOE （avocado）, GE （Ginger） and CE （Cabbage） extracts separately on liver NO （nitric oxide）, MDA （malondialdehyde）, as well as serum AST （aspartate aminotransferase）, ALT （alanine aminotransferase）, total bilirubin, TC （total cholesterol）, T.G （triglyceride）, HDL cholesterol （high-density lipoprotein）, LDL cholesterol （low-density lipoprotein）, TSH （thyroid-stimulating hormone）, T3 （Triiodothyronine）, T4 （Thyroxine） in rats treated and untreated with CC14 （carbon tetrachloride） was studied. The levels of NO, MDA, as well as serum AST, ALT, total bilirubin, TC, T.G, LDL, and TSH, showed an elevation while, HDL, T3 and T4 showed the decline in rats treated with CC14 as compared to control. Treatment of rats with AVOE and GE pre, during, and post CC14 administration improve NO, MDA, as well as serum AST, ALT, total bilirubin, TC, T.G, HDL, LDL, TSH, T3, T4 as compared to CC14. Treatment of rats with CE pre, during, and post CC14 administration did not improve in the thyroid hormones and lipid profile levels as compared to CC14. These findings suggest that avocado and ginger treatment exerts a protective effect on metabolic disorders by decreasing oxidative stress.

Multiformity of Optical Quantum Coherence Systems with Y and Inverted Y-type Schemes

Y and inverted Y-type four-level schemes for optical quantum coherence systems,which may be intuitivelyconsidered to be very simple,have not been studied intensively till now.In this paper,we present the multiformity ofthese two types of schemes by considering that they can be classified into nine possible level styles as the second-ordersub-schemes using laser fields.Further we point out the complexity of their more than one hundred realistic configurationsas the third-order four-level sub-schemes that may appear in the optical quantum coherence experiments.Throughoutthis paper we review which configurations have been studied in some research aspects and which ones not,accordingto our knowledge,in order to be propitious to next steps of theoretical and experimental investigations,especially forapplications in the fields of quantum optics,quantum information science,laser spectroscopy,and so on.

Sini Powder extract produces antidepressant-like effects in a chronic social defeat stress model of depression in tree shrews

Sini Power（SP） is a famed traditional Chinese formula that has long been used to treat depression. Here, we investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of SP extract on an established model of depression： chronic stressed tree shrew, which mimics the human condition of social stress. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Except for the na？ve group, the other animals were subjected to daily social defeat stress for 5 weeks, and during the last 4 weeks treated with SP extract（3.6 g/kg/d）, fluoxetine（15 mg/kg/d）, and vehicle, respectively. The results showed that SP extract could reverse body weight loss to a certain extent and reduce the levels of urine/serum cortisol that were initially increased by chronic social defeat. In addition, SP extract increased hippocampus norepinephrine concentrations. Our data suggested that SP extract had positive effects on the main depression symptoms in the chronic stressed tree shrew model and that it may be used to help control hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity.

Effects of Sijunzi decoction and Yupingfeng powder on expression of janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signal pathway in the brain of spleen-deficiency model rats

OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of Sijunzi decoction and Yupingfeng powder on the expression of the relevant DNAs of janus kinase （JAK）-signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） sig- nal pathway of the brain in spleen-deficiency mod- el rats. METHODS： Eighty male Wistar rats of sanitary degree were divided randomly into four groups： nor- mal group, model group, treatment group 1, treatment group 2. Besides the rats in the normal group, all the rats in other 3 groups were prepared as spleen deficiency model. The treatment group 1 were treated with Sijunzi decoction and the treat- ment group 2 were treated with Yupingfeng powder. After treatment for 6 weeks, perfusion was given and the brain was taken for detection of the ex- pression of the relevant DNAs of JAK-STAT signal pathwayofthe brain in SD rats bygene chip method. RESULTS： Spleen deficiency could lead to increase expression of JAKI, STATI and Interleukin 4 （IL-4） in the brain, but the decrease expression of Suppres- sor of cytokine signaling I （SOCSI）, prolactin recep- tor （PRLR） and binding protein 3 （GATA 3）. Sijunzi decoction could increase expression of STAT3, Pro- lactin （PRL） and GATA3, but decrease expression of JAKI, STAT, STAT4, Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha （ILIORA）, Coagulation factor II （F2）, PRLR, MAD homolog 3 （SMAD3） and IL-4. Yupingfeng powder could decrease expression of JAKI, STATI, STAT4, SOCS4_ predicted, Epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）, PRLR, High mobility group AT-hook I （HMGAI 0）, IL-4. CONCLUSION： Sijunzi decoction and Yupingfeng powder can improve immune function of the rat through influencing the genetic expression of JAK-STAT signal pathway.

Experimental Research of Electroacupuncture on ERK Phosphorylation in Rats of Hepatofibrosis

Objective： To observe the intervening effect of electroacupuncmre at Ganshu （BL 18） and Zusanli （ST 36） on ERK phosphorylation in rats of hepatofibrosis, and to explore the possible molecular mechanisms of electroacupunctre for hepatofibrosis. Methods： Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, electroacupuncture group, and medicine group. Rats in the latter three groups were hypodermically injected with the mixture of olive oil and 30% carbon tetrachloride and drank tap water containing 10% alcohol to induce hepatic fibrosis model. Rats in the electroacupuncture group were stimulated at Zusanli （ST 36） and Ganshu （BL 18） by electroacupuncture, and rats in the medicine group were treated with Colchicine. The collagen hyperplasia of rats＇ hepatic tissue was observed by Sirius Red staining, and protein expression of ERK and phosphorylated ERK （P-ERK） were observed by Western Blot. Results： Compared with those in the normal group, collagen deposition in hepatic tissue obviously increased in the model group, and P-ERK protein expression was also up-regulated obviously （P〈0.01）. Compared with those in the model group, collagen deposition in hepatic tissue decreased in the electroacupuncmre and medicine groups, and P-ERK protein expressed was down-regulated （P〈0.01）. The difference between the electroacupuncture and medicine groups had no significance. Conclusion： Electroacupuncture can prevent or delay the development of hepatic fibrosis in rats by down-regulating the protein expression of P-ERK to block MAPK/ERK signal pathway and to suppress the synthesis of extracellular matrix.

AMPK activation by peri-sciatic nerve administration of ozone attenuates CCl-induced neuropathic pain in rats

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating clinical condition with few efficacious treatments, warranting development of novel therapeu- tics. Ozone is widely used as an alternative therapy for many different pain conditions, with exact mechanisms still elusive. In this study, we found that a single peri-sciatic nerve injection of ozone decreased mechanical aUodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and normalized the phosphorylation of protein kinase C y, N-methyI-D-aspartate receptor, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in a chronic constriction injury （CCI） model in rat sciatic nerve. Meanwhile, ozone significantly suppressed CCI-induced activation of spinal microgUa. More importantly, the anti-nociceptive effect of ozone depended on the activation of 5＇-adenosine monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK）, which was proved by the fact that the phosphorylated AMPK level increased during the ozone therapy and AMPK antagonist abolished the effect of ozone in vivo and in vitro. In addition, direct injection of AMPK agonist could replicate the anti-nociceptive effect of ozone in CCI rats. In conclusion, our observations indicate that peri-sciatic nerve injection of ozone activates AMPK to attenuate CCI-induced neuropathic pain.

Realization of population inversion between 7S_(1/2) and 6P_(3/2) levels of cesium for four-level active optical clock

We demonstrate experimentally the population inversion between 7S1/2 and 6P3/2 levels of cesium in thermal cesium cell with a 455.5 nm pumping laser.We calculate the relative population probabilities at each level theoretically with the density matrix method.In a steady state,5.8% atoms are at 7S1/2 level and 2.9% at 6P3/2 level,which builds up the population inversion between the two levels.We obtain the fluorescence spectra produced in thermal cesium cell in our experiment.The measured relative intensity of each available fluorescence spectral line in the experiment agrees very well with the theoretical result.The demonstrated population inversion between 7S1/2 and 6P3/2 levels can be used to construct an active optical clock of four-level system with a wavelength of 1469.9 nm.

The alleviating effect of quercetin on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its underlying mechanism

Quercetin, a phenolic phytochemical widely present in vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities, and it has been successfully used in the treatment of acute and chronic diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the alleviation effect of quercetin on rat liver fibrosis and explore its mechanism of action. Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, and quercetin group, with six rats in each group. Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1 m L/kg carbon tetrachloride(50% v/v in olive oil) twice a week for 6 weeks, and quercetin(100 mg/kg/d) was administered orally in the 7th week until the end of the 12th week. Blood and liver samples were collected at 1 h after the last administration. Serum liver function parameters(AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and TBA) were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. H&E, Masson, and Sirius red staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of liver tissue. Western blotting analysis was used to evaluate the expressions of liver fibrotic factors(TGF-β1, α-SMA, MMP2, and MMP9) and bile acid-related regulatory proteins(FXR, CYP7A1, CYP8B1, and CYP27A1). The oxidative stress markers(GSH, GSH-Px, GR, SOD, and MDA) in the liver tissue were detected using corresponding kits. The contents of bile acids in the liver tissue were determined by LC-MS/MS. The results showed that compared with the model group, quercetin treatment could significantly reduce serum AST, ALT, and TBA levels(P < 0.05). The fibrotic liver injury was significantly improved, and the expressions of fibrotic factors TGF-β1, α-SMA, MMP2, and MMP9 were significantly decreased(P < 0.05). Liver GSH, GSH-Px, GR, and SOD levels were significantly increased(P < 0.05), and the MDA level was significantly decreased(P < 0.05). The contents of hepatic bile acids were significantly decreased(P < 0.05), the expression of FXR was significantly increased(P < 0.05), and the expressions of CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 were significantly decreased(P < 0.05). This study suggested that quercetin could effectively alleviate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis injury, and its mechanism of action was related to improving the liver’s ability to resist oxidative stress and reducing the expressions of fibrotic factors and bile acid synthesis.