针刺大鼠“四白”传入信息对孤束核神经元放电的影响

目的:比较足阳明经中远近腧穴及手太阳小肠经腧穴和非经非穴点的传入信息在孤束核(NTS)的差异。方法:采用细胞外记录方法,以足阳明胃经“四白”穴为刺激点,并以同名经的“地仓”和“内庭”、手太阳小肠经的“颧”、非经非穴“四白”旁开点为对照,在刺激点上用手针施以捻转手法刺激30 s,在NTS寻找对来自体表刺激点有反应的神经元。结果:52只大鼠记录到资料完整的86个NTS神经元中,针刺“四白”后NTS有反应神经元出现的机率(含兴奋和抑制性神经元)为65.12%,而针刺“地仓”“内庭”“颧”“四白”旁开点有反应神经元出现的机率分别为50.00%、46.51%、34.88%、31.40%。统计表明,针刺“四白”后NTS有反应神经元出现的机率均极显著地高于针刺“地仓”“内庭”“颧”“四白”旁开点后有反应神经元出现的机率(P<0.01);针刺“地仓”和“内庭”后NTS有反应神经元出现的机率均显著高于刺激“颧”和“四白”旁开点的有反应神经元出现机率(P<0.05)。针刺上述穴和非穴区,NTS神经元主要是以兴奋为主。针刺“四白”“地仓”“内庭”“颧”“四白”旁开点,其兴奋性神经元频率变化率分别为(35.08±4.80)%、(28.25±5.46)%(、27.57±4.87)%、(20.02±4.23)%(、18.55±2.49)%,“四白”与各组之间有显著性或极显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),“地仓”“内庭”与“颧”“四白”旁开点亦有显著性或极显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:与手太阳小肠经穴以及非经非穴点比较,足阳明经穴与NTS的关系更密切;足阳明经中远近腧穴的信息传入在NTS亦存在着一定的差异,这提示腧穴均有一定的特异性。

电针“合谷”和“四白”穴对大鼠孤束核胃相关神经元电活动的影响

目的:用电生理学的方法探讨“合谷”穴与“四白”穴的传入信息在孤束核内的汇聚。方法:采用细胞外记录的方法,首先寻找到孤束核内对胃扩张敏感的神经元,然后分别电针刺激“合谷”穴和“四白”穴,观察其放电活动的变化。结果:共记录到278个有自发放电的孤束核神经元,以10 s为时间段,统计处理胃扩张前后各2 min的神经元放电数目,频率改变超出25%确定为胃扩张反应神经元,132个神经元被确定为胃扩张反应(敏感)神经元,146个没有明显反应。对132个胃扩张反应神经元做进一步的统计学分析,70个神经元的电活动被胃扩张刺激兴奋(70/132);62个神经元被胃扩张刺激抑制(62/132),其中36个神经元的放电活动被完全抑制。与胃扩张前(14.05±8.52 spikes/min)相比,兴奋性神经元的电活动增加(34.84±22.68 spikes/min)极为显著;抑制性神经元的放电变化也非常明显(由18.21±9.29 spikes/min变为7.30±6.20 spikes/min)。在132个胃扩张敏感神经元中,对电针“四白”穴和“合谷”穴均起反应的神经元有41个(41/132,占30.2%)。结论:电针“合谷”穴和“四白”穴和胃扩张可兴奋或抑制同一孤束核神经元的电活动,表明“合谷”穴和“四白”穴区的传入信息可汇聚到同一孤束核神经元上,提示孤束核很可能是合谷穴与口面部联系的中枢机制之一,从而为经络理论中的人体体表与体表上下的特定联系提供了新的实验证据。

中药“四白”祛斑面膜治疗黄褐斑疗效观察

目的 探讨中药“四白”祛斑面膜治疗黄褐斑的方法和效果。方法 148例黄褐斑患者分为两组 ,治疗组 80例采用中药“四白”祛斑面膜外用结合维生素C口服治疗 ;对照组 6 8例采用 3%氢醌乳膏外用结合维生素C口服治疗。结果 治疗组、对照组的痊愈率分别为 30 %、6 % ,两组疗效差异有极显著意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,治疗组、对照组的有效率分别为 89%、70 % ,两组疗效差异有极显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 “四白”

良心与觉悟

据报载,山西省翼城县县委书记耿根喜在一次民主生活会上主动检查自己有“四白”:白吃、白喝、白吸烟、白拿现象,并痛下决心改正“四白”问题。他这样做只有一个道理:良心！一个普通人的良心,一个共产党员的良心,一个人民公仆的良心。所以,他担任县长、县委书记后,翼城有了迅速的发展。最近,他被中央领导同志称为“一个有良心的县委书记”。 读罢这则报道,很是兴奋。一个县委书记的“

掀掉盖头保质量

为什么叫掀掉盖头保质量?这话还得从1999年9月份说起。 1999年,四十三团经历了冻害和历史上罕见的风灾,大部分棉田都是三次播种,全团的干部群众可谓全力以赴抗灾保苗。到9月下旬,浸透了全团人心血和汗水的棉花终于吐出了云朵般的花絮。

不如降格以求

山西翼城县委书记耿根喜在一次“自查”且“自纠”之后,中央领导同志称他为“一个有良心的县委书记”,名声大振。这个“良心”之说在人们心目中已成为“新时期”一个不成文的公仆“标准”。虽然这是再普通的人最起码应该具备的基本素质,较之“德才兼备”、“全心全意”、“完全彻底”这些正宗的高标准。

瓜蒌薤白半夏汤合桃红四物汤联合西药治疗痰阻血瘀型胸痹随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察瓜蒌薤白半夏汤合桃红四物汤联合西药治疗痰阻血瘀型胸痹疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将62例住院及门诊患者按病志号抽签方法简单随机分为两组。对照组31例:阿司匹林、单硝酸异山梨酯、美托洛尔等扩血管、抗血小板、调脂、降压、抗心绞痛等。治疗组31例瓜蒌薤白半夏汤合桃红四物汤(瓜蒌12g,薤白、法半夏各9g,熟地15g,川芎8g,当归15g,赤芍10g,桃仁9g,红花6g),水煎400m L,1剂/d,饭后30min口服,2次/d;西药治疗同对照组。连续治疗7d为1疗程。观测临床症状、心绞痛发作、心电图、不良反应。连续治疗2疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组显效18例,有效11例,无效2例,总有效率93.55%。对照组显效6例,有效16例,无效9例,总有效率70.97%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.01)。心电图改善治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]瓜蒌薤白半夏汤合桃红四物汤联合西药治疗痰阻血瘀型胸痹,疗效满意,无严重不良反应,值得推广。

Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes liver cell proliferation via a positive cascade loop involving arachidonic acid metabolism and p-ERK1/2

Hepatitis B virus X protein （HBx） plays a crucial role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we sought to identify the mechanisms by which HBx mediates liver cell proliferation. We found that HBx upregulated the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）, 5-1ipoxygenase （5-LOX） and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 （p-ERK1/2） in liver cells. HBx-induced p-ERK1/2 was abolished by inhibition of Gi/o proteins, COX or LOX. In addition, HBx increased the amounts of prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） and leukotriene B4 （LTB4） released from cell lines derived from hepatocytes. Moreover, these released arachidonic acid metabolites were able to activate ERK1/2. Interestingly, activated ERK1/2 could upregulate the expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX in a positive feedback manner. In conclusion, HBx enhances and maintains liver cell proliferation via a positive feedback loop involving COX-2, 5-LOX, released arachidonic acid metabolites, Gi/o proteins and p-ERK1/2.

Therapeutic effect of interleukin-10 on CCI_4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats

AIM： To study the therapeutic effect of exogenous interleuldn-10 on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and its passible mechanisms. METHODS： Fourty-seven SD rats were randomly divided into control group （group N） and CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis model group （group C）. After CCl4 was given for 9 wk, the model group was divided into three groups. Rats in group H were put to death immediately, rats in group T were treated with IL-10 for another three wk and then put to death, rats in group R recovered after three weeks and were then killed. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was measured by HE staining and histological activity index （HAI）. Histological activity index （HAI）, change of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ were measured by Picrosirius staining. The expression of TNF-α, HHP-2 and TIMP-1 in liver tissue was measured by S-P immunohis tochemistry.RESULTS： CCl4- induced experimental rat hepatic fibrosis model was established successfully. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was markedly lower in group T than in groups H and R, and there was no difference between the two groups. The expression of collagen types I and III was significantly suppressed in group T and was slightly suppressed in groups H and R. The positive levels of TNF-α, HHP-2 and TIHP-1 in group H increased significantly compared to those in group N （P〈0.01）. The positive signals decreased significantly in groups T and R （P〈0.01）, but positive score was significantly lower in group T than in group R （P〈 0.01）. CONCLUS10N： Exogenous IL-10 can reverse CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. IL-10 may exert its reversible effects on hepatic fibrosis by blocking CCl4-induced inflammation, inhibiting expression of HHP-2 and TIMP-1 and promoting resolution of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ.

YKL40 expression in CD14^+ liver cells in acute and chronic injury

AIM:To demonstrate that CD14 + cells are an important source of the growth factor YKL40 in acute and chronic liver damage.METHODS:Rats were inoculated with one dose of CCl4 to induce acute damage.Liver biopsies were obtained at 0,6,12,24,48 and 72 h.For chronic damage,CCl4 was administered three days per week for 6 or 8 wk.Tissue samples were collected,and cellular populations were isolated by liver digestion and purified by cell sorting.YKL40 mRNA and protein expression were evaluated by realtime polymerase chain reaction and western blot.RESULTS:Acute liver damage induced a rapid increase of YKL40 mRNA beginning at 12 h.Expression peaked at 24 h,with a 26fold increase over basal levels.By 72 h however,YKL40 expression levels had nearly returned to control levels.On the other hand,chronic damage induced a sustained increase in YKL40 expression,with 7and 9fold higher levels at 6 and 8 wk,respectively.The pattern of YKL40 expression in different subpopulations showed that CD14+cells,which include Kupffer cells,are a source of YKL40 after acute damage at 72 h[0.09 relative expression units(REU)]as well as after chronic injury at 6 wk(0.11 REU).Hepatocytes,in turn,accounted for 0.06 and 0.01 REU after 72 h(acute)or 6 wk(chronic),respectively.The rest of the CD14cells(including T lymphocytes,B lymphocytes,natural killer and natural killer T cells) yielded 0.07 and 0.15 REU at 72 h and 6 wk,respectively.YKL40 protein expression in liver was detected at 72 h as well as 6 and 8 wk,with the highest expression relative to controls(11fold;P≤0.05)seen at 6 wk.Macrophages were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.We demonstrate that under these conditions,these cells showed maximum expression of YKL40 at 12 h,with P<0.05 compared with controls.CONCLUSION:Hepatic CD14 + cells are an YKL40 mRNA and protein source in acute and chronic liver injury,with expression patterns similar to growth factors implicated in inflammationfibrogenesis.

Responses of Prophenoloxidase System and Related Defence Parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei to Low Salinity

In this study,we investigated the effects of low salinity(26 and 21) on the prophenoloxidase(proPO) system and related defence parameters in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.The results showed that low salinity induced a significant increase of dopamine(DA) concentration in haemolymph at 6 h of the experiment;on the other hand,total haemocyte count(THC),differential haemocyte count(DHC) and PO activity decreased over time to the lowest level at 24 h and remained low thereafter.Serine Protease(SP) and Proteinase Inhibitor(PI) activity in the two lower salinity treatments decreased to the lowest level at 12 and 24 h,respectively,and both recovered to the control level at 72 h.In contrast,α2-macroglobulin(α2M) activity in the two lower salinity treatments peaked at 24 h and then decreased to the control level at 72 h.Therefore,it may be concluded that stress-induced DA plays an important temporary role in neurotransmission and causes immune response in L.vannamei in adapting to salinity changes.

Tetracycline-inducible protein expression in pancreatic cancer cells: Effects of CapG overexpression

AIM: To establish stable tetracycline-inducible pancreatic cancer cell lines. METHODS: Suit-2, MiaPaca-2, and Panc-1 cells were transfected with a second generation reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator protein (rtTA2S-M2), under the control of either a cytomegalovirus (CMV) or a chicken β-actin promoter, and the resulting clones were characterised.RESULTS: Use of the chicken (β-actin) promoter proved superior for both the production and maintenance of doxycycline-inducible cell lines. The system proved versatile, enabling transient inducible expression of a variety of genes, including GST-P, CYP2E1, S100A6, and the actin capping protein, CapG. To determine the physiological utility of this system in pancreatic cancer cells, stable inducible CapG expressors were established. Overexpressed CapG was localised to the cytoplasm and the nuclear membrane, but was not observed in the nucleus. High CapG levels were associated with enhanced motility, but not with changes to the cell cycle, or cellular proliferation. In CapG-overexpressing cells, the levels and phosphorylation status of other actin-moduating proteins (Cofilin and Ezrin/Radixin) were not altered. However, preliminary analyses suggest that the levels of other cellular proteins, such as ornithine aminotransferase and enolase, are altered upon CapG induction. CONCLUSION: We have generated pancreatic-cancer derived cell lines in which gene expression is fully controllable.

A Novel Hydrolytic Product from Flesh of Mactra veneriformis and Its Bioactivities in Calcium Supplement

To prepare calcium-binding peptides, the flesh residue of Mactra Veneriformis was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. By comparing the capability of combining calcium of the hydrolyzates, pepsin was confirmed to be the most suitable enzyme for hydrolyzing the flesh residue to release calcium-binding peptides among the seven tested proteases. The pepsin hydrolyzate (PHM) was divided into three fractions according to the molecule weight of its composition, which ranged from 0.5 to 15 kDa. The low-molecule-weight fraction named PHM-3 had the highest capability in combining calcium. The peptides existing in the PHM-3 fraction consisted of higher contents of Glu, Ala and Leu, and could produce one type of calcium-peptide complex by powerfully chelating calcium ions. PHM-3 products could effectively increase calcium absorption and retention while they decreased the calcium excretion in animal tests. Additionally, symptoms caused by low calcium bioavailability in ovariectomized rats, such as bone mineral density reduction and mechanical strength loss could be significantly ameliorated by the hydrolytic products addition in diet.

CONSIDERATIONS IN MAKING PRESCRIPTIONS FOR DIABETES

Integrating the Knowledge of TraditionalChinese Medicines and Western MedicineDiabetes mellitus(DM)falls into thecategory of Xiaoke(消渴)in TCM.From

Research on Pollen Grains of Tetraploid Lines and Diploid Control Line of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis.

[Objective] The aim was to study characters of pollen grains of tetraploid lines and diploid control line of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis.,morphological characters,fertility of pollen grain and germination percentage of seeds. [Method] Pollen grains were prepared by sulphuric acid-acetyl oxide decomposition method. The lengths of polar axis and equatorial axis of pollen grains were determined with general optical microscope. The morphology of pollen grains was observed with SEM (scanning electron microscope) and the typical visual fields of 2 500× (or 2 000×),7 000× were taken pictures. [Result] Comparing with the diploid control line,the pollen grains of five tetraploid lines which were tested were different from the diploid line in morphology,sculpture,etc.. 4 of the 5 tested samples were significant larger than the diploid line in size and one was similar to the diploid line. [Conclusion] This research provided references for breeding tetraploid improved varieties of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis. with good fertility and high germination percentage.

Construction of HLA/Peptide Tetramer with Peptide-Linked β_2 Microglobulin

Analysis of the frequency of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) ex vivo is largely dependent on the use of MHC/peptide tetramers. However, the latter reagents have not been widely available, most likely because of their costly and time-consuming production. In this report we utilized an economic strategy to construct HLA/peptide tetramers with recombinant peptide-linked β2 microglobulin (β2m). The HLA-A2-restricted, melanoma antigen MARTI-derived pep- tide MART127-35( AAGIGILTV) was fused to the N terminus of human β2m through a 15-amino acid (aa)-long linker before being refolded with the recombinant biotinylated HLA-A2 heavy chain ectodomain. The resulted 2-component (2C) monomer was then tetramerized with phycoerythin-labeled streptavidin. The experimental result showed that the 2C HLA-A2/ MART127-35 monomer was shown to bind to the HLA class complex-specific monoclonal antibody W6/32 and the HLA-A2/ MART127-35 complex-specific single chain antibody fragment (scFv) 8.3, suggesting the correctness of its specificity. Fur- thermore, the 2C HLA-A2/MART127-35 tetramer detected a specific CD8+ T cell population in HLA-A2-restricted melanoma infiltrating lymphocytes as the conventional 3C HLA-A2/MART127-35 tetramer. The yield of 2C HLA-A2/MART127-35 monomer was 2. 5 times more than that of the conventional 3C monomer. Taken together, these data indicate that the HLA-A2/ MART127-35 tetramer can be generated conveniently through the use of MART127-35 peptide-β2 m fusion proteins, which can fa- cilitate the monitoring of HLA-A2-restricted, MART1-specific CTL responses in patients with melanoma.

Regulation of alternative splicing of Bcl-x by IL-6,GM-CSF and TPA

The splicing of many alternative exons in the precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is regulated by extracellular factors but the underlying molecular bases remain unclear. Here we report the differential regulation of Bcl-x pre-mRNA splicing by extracellular factors and their distinct requirements for pre-mRNA elements. In K562 leukemia cells, treatment with interleukin-6 (IL-6) or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) reduced the proportion of the Bcl-xL variant mRNA while treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) had no effect. In U251 glioma cells, however, TPA efficiently increased the Bcl-xL level. These regulations were also seen for a transfected splicing reporter mini-gene. Further analyses of deletion mutants indicate that nucleotides 1-176 of the downstream intron are required for the IL-6 effect, whereas additional nucleotides 177-284 are essential for the GM-CSF effect. As for the TPA effect, only nucleotides 1-76 are required in the downstream intron. Thus, IL-6, GM-CSF and TPA differentially regulate Bcl-x splicing and require specific intronic pre-mRNA sequences for their respective effects.

万启南辨治内伤发热

万启南教授认为内伤发热不外乎气、血、阴、阳、肝、湿、瘀等,与气血阴阳失衡、脏腑功能失调有关。临证首辨阴阳,再分虚实,辨明气血,归属脏腑;分为阴虚发热、阳虚发热、气虚发热、血虚发热、气郁发热、血瘀发热、痰湿郁热。理气疏肝泻热-加味逍遥散,郁久化火-龙胆泻肝汤,益气养阴助阳-地黄饮子、青蒿鳖甲汤、清骨散、生脉散,清热化湿退热-甘露消毒丹,湿热并重-苍术白虎汤,祛瘀养血退热-血府逐瘀汤、桃红四物汤,清营解毒退热-白虎汤、清营汤、犀角地黄汤、清瘟败毒饮、安宫牛黄丸、紫雪丹。万启南强调辨证施治,攻补兼施,顾护脾胃,辨病与辨证结合。附内伤发热(气血两燔兼气阴两虚)验案1则。

“万元肚”与不昧“良心”

“万元肚”与不昧“良心”桐志报载：山西省翼城县委书记耿根喜在一次民主生活会上，坦诚地暴露了自己白吃、白喝、白吸（烟）、白拿的问题。他诚恳他说：“我不是万元户，但肚子里白吃白喝的不止万元，可以说是个‘万元肚，，回想起来很惭愧、很痛心……”从此，他从戒烟...

白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物提高耐药人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/DOX对阿霉素的敏感性

目的:研究白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物(TMS)对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和耐阿霉素(doxorubicin,DOX)的人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/DOX这两株细胞增殖的影响,探讨白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物能否提高耐药细胞MCF-7/DOX对阿霉素的敏感性。方法:用SRB法检测白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物的细胞毒性,同时检测白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物和DOX联用后对细胞株MCF-7/DOX药物敏感性的影响,用Western-blot方法检测不同浓度的白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物对P-gp蛋白表达的影响,罗丹明转运实验考察白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物对P-gp转运活性的影响。结果:白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物(7.5、15、30μg/ml)能够有效抑制耐药细胞MCF-7/DOX的增殖,然而与此相应的浓度范围内白藜芦醇的细胞增殖抑制作用较差,使用非细胞毒性剂量(3、6μg/ml)的白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物能有效提高MCF-7/DOX对阿霉素的敏感性,Western-blot结果显示6μg/ml的白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物能够明显下调P-gp的表达,此外,罗丹明转运实验显示白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物组(3、6μg/ml)细胞内罗丹明123积累量均有上升,表明白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物可以抑制P-gp的转运活性。结论:白藜芦醇四甲氧基衍生物可通过抑制P-gp表达和活性的方式增加MCF-7/DOX对阿霉素的敏感性,从而逆转耐药。