“国家创新体系”及其对高等教育的启示

“国家创新体系”又称为“国家知识创新体系”，是由知识创新和技术创新相关的机构和组织构成的网络系统，其骨干部分是企业、科研机构和高等院校，基本功能是进行并促进知识和技术的生产、传播和应用。"国家创新体系"的建设对高等教育有较为深刻的启示：高等院校要以培养创新人才为根本任务；充分发挥知识传播和知识创新作用；开发高新技术产业，推动高新技术产业的现代化建设。

科技传播体系与创新

作为国家创新体系的重要构成之一的高新知识流通辐射的科技传播体系,担负着知识向经济转化、科学技术向现实生产力的转化的极其重要的使命。为了促进各类科技机构和传播组织在功能分工的基础上实现有效联合,促进国家体系的良性运行,必须建立一种合作互动机制,组成国家科技传播体系。把国家科技传播体系与创新结合起来,并把创新作为可持续运动状态的核心构成要件,就要处理好国家科技传播体系建设过程中与其他构成要件共同运作联系中的自我更新和可持续性发展问题,构建和国家创新体系同构对应的,与发现发明体系、开发应用体系融接连通、功能互动的传播扩散体系。这是一个庞大的复杂的系统化工程,首先必须进行科技传播制度创新、科技传播技术创新、科技传播产业创新。

提高自主创新能力的对策

科技竞争是当今世界综合国力竞争的焦点，自主创新能力是国力竞争的核心，只有持续广泛的技术创新才可能使整个国家的经济跟上全球经济的迅速发展，才能保持必要的竞争实力。依靠高新技术增强综合国力，已成为世界各国的共识。为此，世界各国目前都在积极调整政策和制度，建立或完善各自的“国家创新体系”。那么，我们应该采取哪些对策呢？

建立致力核心技术攻关的区域创新体系

截至目前,我国自主创新的成就主要体现在企业的模仿创新、集成创新,而原始创新和自主核心技术非常少。建立核心技术攻关体系,应以未来市场的潜在需求为导向,以企业、大学研究机构的实验室或工程中心为主体,以科技预见为引领,以产学研合作为平台,以多学科交叉与新兴学科研究为主要路径,并且以政府作为关键性主导力量。

Industrial Ecosystem and the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries

Based on the theories of business ecosystem and national innovation system, this paper proposes a concept of industrial ecosystem. Differ from ecologists and environmentalists who regard industrial ecosystem as the natural ecosystems in which material, energy and information circulates, this paper defines industrial ecosystem as a set of factors that are vital to the development of a certain industry and their interrelationship. The industrial ecosystem consists of three sub-systems that are innovation ecosystem, production ecosystem, and application ecosystem, and subsidiary factors that include factor supply, infrastructure, socio-cultural environment, international environment and policy system. The industrial ecosystem is characterized by interdependencies, complex interactions, self-recovery and co-evolution. The development of an industry is＇ the result of the reaction of the whole industrial ecosystem; therefore, the competition in strategic emerging industries among countries is in essence the competition in industrial ecosystems. Those countries which are able to take the lead in setting up complete industrial ecosystem will occupy advantage in developing strategic emerging industries. Cultivating and developing strategic emerging industries requires promoting the development and coordination of the whole ecosystem.

Research on Formation Mechanism of Innovation-based Cluster Development

Industrial cluster has become an important part of regional economy,which status of global industry value chain is critical in the future, Innovation-based Cluster is the industrial cluster theory research at home and abroad made to deepen the difference between the lower part of the Industrial cluster. Promoting innovative industrial cluster formation not only is one of the important means and carrier to cultivate strategic emerging industries, but also an important booster construction of national innovation system. According to the connotation,evolution process and characteristics of the Innovation-based Cluster, This paper from the perspective of three to analysis Innovation-based Clusters＇ innovative influence factors to find reasonable explanation to the creative industry cluster formation and more in-depth research.