The political theatre in the Arab world emerged from rough seas of opposition and state monitoring schemes. Some critics may claim that political tendencies in Arab theatre can be traced to the early contributors to A...The political theatre in the Arab world emerged from rough seas of opposition and state monitoring schemes. Some critics may claim that political tendencies in Arab theatre can be traced to the early contributors to Arab theatre Others attribute the emergence of this theatre to the revolution of Egypt＇s Nasir. However, the Syrian playwright Sa＇d Allah Wannus may be viewed as the true representative of this kind of theatre in the Arab world. Shocked by the defeat of the Arabs by Israel in 1967, he began what he coined ＂theatre of politicization＂, aiming to attack Arab governments and blaming them for the defeat, and at the same time, insighting his audience to revolt against existing political ideas. In this kind of theatre, the audience assumed ever-increasing importance. Wannus wrote several plays, the aim of which was to develop a mentality and strengthen a collective consciousness in an Arab historical context. This article aims to exploring the concept of theatre of politicization and the impact of that on Arab political theatre展开更多
What is the true sense of freedom？ Man is free and lacks freedom. The author considers the example of Louis XIV. It seemed that he held the sovereignty as the king of the absolute monarchy and the greatest freedom. B...What is the true sense of freedom？ Man is free and lacks freedom. The author considers the example of Louis XIV. It seemed that he held the sovereignty as the king of the absolute monarchy and the greatest freedom. But all his teeth were pulled out to protect him from illness and in his exercise as the king, he had many official obligations. Though he was king, he was free and lacked freedom. According to J. J. Rousseau （1762） who discussed the principle of freedom and oppression （deprivation）, if man realizes freedom, it needs to express his duty and subordination to the state. Therefore man is free and lacks freedom. What is the situation of contemporary citizens？ Instead of the oppression by the state, the citizen is controlled by the mass media. The best example is the drama observed about the prime ministers of Japan. There were many manipulations by the mass media. For our benefit we need to educate the persons who have good sense. We should remember that our freedom is not absolute. We are free and lack freedom, too. Often man searches freedom and comfort but often, on the contrary, he faces the lack of freedom. Electricity that is produced by a nuclear plant is useful, but the explosion of the nuclear plant creates a huge damage and tragedy, In a sense, deprivation is larger than freedom, because it could teach us self- awareness, moderation and let us know that we have enough.展开更多
Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing th...Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing the pollution, and solving the poUution problem after it is arised. Although the first one is preferred, in many developing countries the general tendency is as the solution of pollution after generation. Neither politicians nor public are willing to pay before seeing the threat, although they should be. This conflict decelerates the works to keep the environment and increase the non-success stories and problemmatic situatons. The growing concern in pollution problems gave rise to intensive coverage of the media as one of their main public responsibilities. Because file influence of the media has been regarded as a powerful force in society for many years, the coverage of environmental problems increase the awareness and reduce the resistance against the engineering works. Under these circarnstances this study focuses on the effect of media on public awareness and their participation in the solution of environmental problems. When the journalists are aware of their role in environmental issues, the program will be of high quality and accomplishes the objective, therefore supporting the Environmental Engineers in creating solutions. As a sample, a national Turkish commercial broadcasting company programs were investigated via contents analy sis and discussed.展开更多
文摘The political theatre in the Arab world emerged from rough seas of opposition and state monitoring schemes. Some critics may claim that political tendencies in Arab theatre can be traced to the early contributors to Arab theatre Others attribute the emergence of this theatre to the revolution of Egypt＇s Nasir. However, the Syrian playwright Sa＇d Allah Wannus may be viewed as the true representative of this kind of theatre in the Arab world. Shocked by the defeat of the Arabs by Israel in 1967, he began what he coined ＂theatre of politicization＂, aiming to attack Arab governments and blaming them for the defeat, and at the same time, insighting his audience to revolt against existing political ideas. In this kind of theatre, the audience assumed ever-increasing importance. Wannus wrote several plays, the aim of which was to develop a mentality and strengthen a collective consciousness in an Arab historical context. This article aims to exploring the concept of theatre of politicization and the impact of that on Arab political theatre
文摘What is the true sense of freedom？ Man is free and lacks freedom. The author considers the example of Louis XIV. It seemed that he held the sovereignty as the king of the absolute monarchy and the greatest freedom. But all his teeth were pulled out to protect him from illness and in his exercise as the king, he had many official obligations. Though he was king, he was free and lacked freedom. According to J. J. Rousseau （1762） who discussed the principle of freedom and oppression （deprivation）, if man realizes freedom, it needs to express his duty and subordination to the state. Therefore man is free and lacks freedom. What is the situation of contemporary citizens？ Instead of the oppression by the state, the citizen is controlled by the mass media. The best example is the drama observed about the prime ministers of Japan. There were many manipulations by the mass media. For our benefit we need to educate the persons who have good sense. We should remember that our freedom is not absolute. We are free and lack freedom, too. Often man searches freedom and comfort but often, on the contrary, he faces the lack of freedom. Electricity that is produced by a nuclear plant is useful, but the explosion of the nuclear plant creates a huge damage and tragedy, In a sense, deprivation is larger than freedom, because it could teach us self- awareness, moderation and let us know that we have enough.
文摘Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing the pollution, and solving the poUution problem after it is arised. Although the first one is preferred, in many developing countries the general tendency is as the solution of pollution after generation. Neither politicians nor public are willing to pay before seeing the threat, although they should be. This conflict decelerates the works to keep the environment and increase the non-success stories and problemmatic situatons. The growing concern in pollution problems gave rise to intensive coverage of the media as one of their main public responsibilities. Because file influence of the media has been regarded as a powerful force in society for many years, the coverage of environmental problems increase the awareness and reduce the resistance against the engineering works. Under these circarnstances this study focuses on the effect of media on public awareness and their participation in the solution of environmental problems. When the journalists are aware of their role in environmental issues, the program will be of high quality and accomplishes the objective, therefore supporting the Environmental Engineers in creating solutions. As a sample, a national Turkish commercial broadcasting company programs were investigated via contents analy sis and discussed.
