一部批判知识分子的小说:布莱希特的《图伊小说》

在布莱希特一生创作的为数不多的小说中,有一部批判知识分子的作品:《图伊小说》。“图伊”是布莱希特自创的概念,以此指代将自己的智力当作商品出售的知识分子群体。他们服务于权力,成为资产阶级统治阶层的重要组成部分。布莱希特用极具夸张的讽刺手法描绘了支玛国各类“图伊”的群体形象,揭示了“图伊”背后的意识形态——脱离社会实践与革命的唯心主义哲学,以及“图伊主义”终将发展为象征法西斯主义的“登克主义”的必然趋势。小说呈现出布莱希特的马克思主义唯物历史观,即:站在阶级斗争的立场批判资产阶级知识分子,揭露资本主义的内在矛盾以及最终走向自我毁灭的历史结局。

Evaluation of soil erodibility factor(k)for loess derived landforms of Kechik watershed in Golestan Province,North of Iran

The technique proposed by Wischmeier ＆ Smith for estimating the soil erodibility factor is among the most important methods in this regard. Given the high amounts of silt and lime content in loess soils of eastern parts of Golestan province in Iran, this study aims to evaluate the ability of Wischmeier ＆ Smith index to estimate the soil erodibility of this region. Soil erodibility was first obtained by Wischmeier nomograph and then was compared with the actual values obtained by selecting six plots and then performing physical and chemical tests on these samples. Using the nomograph, Wischmeier index was calculated to be about 0.05-0.092 Mg h MJ？1 mm？1. The results showed that Wischmeier index was 182, 4.11, 6 and 0.35 times than actual value in field with half-hour rainfall, Fournier index, SWAT value with half-hour rainfall and SWAT value with Fournier index, respectively. Obtained results showed that erodibility estimated by Wischmeier ＆ Smith index was higher than the actual measured value. Poor performance of this index in loess soils indicates the need for further research in this field.

Representing Islam in China： A Case Study on the Religious Motifs of Uyghur Sermon Poems

As a unique local convention of Islamic proselytizing, Uyghur religious specialists in the present Turpan Basin are using a kind of folk songs ＂qoshaq＂ to organize motifs and materials for their religious sermons. Though the poems are particularly used as religious texts at mosque preaching and other chances of Islamic proselytizing, their contents give insights into the ways of local Uyghurs to understand various daily happenings through the lens of Islamic doctrines. This issue can be taken as a process of the localization of Islamic culture among Uyghurs, therefore, it provides comprehensive pictures on the Islamic ways of local Uyghurs to accommodate their social realities. Through undertaking analyses on the structure, style, contents of the poems, this paper makes efforts to unfold the symbolic landscape of the poems implied, making clear the logic bases of those religious motifs and the attitudes Uyghur preachers had toward social realities.

Investigating Iranian Test-takers＇ Performance Over Taking Different Modalities of Listening Comprehension Test

Visual and pictorial materials are extensively used in teaching listening comprehension textbooks. Although the use of still image is currently implemented in some distinguished testing systems, video test is not a popular modality due to the fact that this kind of test may result in test-takers＇ confusion during the test. In the present study, a sample of 80 Iranian EFL （English as a Foreign Language） students was selected to compare their performance on three different modalities of listening test： audio-only test, pictorial （listening with still image test）, and visual （video） listening test. The analysis of one-way repeated measure ANOVA （Analysis of Variance） was used to compare the students＇ scores. The results of Bonferroni Post Hoc Test confirm that there were significant differences in scores among audio-only, pictorial, and visual tests. The results of this study highlight the greater performance of students in pictorial listening test which is statistically significant.

Graphic Organizers and Reading Comprehension Ability： Evidence From Iranian EFL University Students

The present study investigated the impact from GOs （Graphic Organizers） upon reading comprehension ability. To this end, an OPT （Oxford Placement Test） was administered to a research population （N = 354） in order to homogenize it. On the basis of the test results, the population was sorted into three groups of reading-low, reading-mid, and reading-high students. Sixty participants with the lowest level of reading comprehension proficiency were randomly selected and assigned to an EG （Experimental Group） （N = 30） and a CG （Control Group） （N = 30）. Afterwards, a TOEFL （Test of English as a Foreign Language） reading comprehension pretest was administered to both groups in order to determine their current level of reading proficiency. Then, the EG received 10 successive 90-minute sessions on GOs as post-reading strategies for expository text comprehension, while the CG received the same amount of treatment on other post-reading strategies. In the end, another TOEFL reading comprehension posttest was administered to the research groups to measure their reading comprehension performance level after the treatment. The results revealed that GOs were statistically more significant and effective for the low-skilled readers than other post-reading strategies.

Emergy Based Sustainability Scenario Analysis of Oasis Agricultural Systems: A Case Study from Xinjiang, China

How to coordinate arid eco-environmental protection and oasis agricultural development and avoid desertification is a key problem in achieving the sustainable development of oasis human- earth systems. We analyzed the temporal characteristics and overall tendency of an arid oasis agricultural production system in Yining County, China by means of emergy methods and ternary diagrams theory. From 1989–2008, total emergy input and output of the oasis agricultural system in Yining County had a trend of sustainable development. According to the sustainability analysis with emergy indices, the agricultural production systems in Yining County were still at a sustainable status. However, the emergy-based sustainability index （ESI） followed a decreasing trend. Scenario analysis of the sustainability lines based on ternary diagrams showed that both the F （input from economic component） and N （input from nonrenewable resource） leading modes had limitations in the study case. The agricultural production of Yining County should adopt the R leading mode, in which the percentage of non-renewable resources in the local system will be kept roughly unchanged, while the fraction of purchased inputs and renewable resources will be decreased in synchronism. In this way, the contribution from local renewable resources to agricultural production will be increased, and sustainable development ensured.

Microcanonical Phase Diagram of the BEG and Ising Models

The density of states of long-range Blume-Emery-Criffiths （BEG） and short-range lsing models are obtained by using Wang-Landau sampling with adaptive windows in energy and magnetization space. With accurate density of states, we are able to calculate the mierocanonical specific heat of fixed magnetization introduced by Kastner et al. in the regions of positive and negative temperature. The microcanonical phase diagram of the Ising model shows a continuous phase transition at a negative temperature in energy and magnetization plane. However the phase diagram of the long-range model constructed by peaks of the microeanonieal specific heat looks obviously different from the Ising chart.

Beyond the Western Tower： An Existential Reflection

My purpose here is to offer a critical self-reflection and meditation on Deng Zhenglai＇s unexpected and tragic passing. Drawing from the classical and critical Western traditions, with intermingled references to the Heraclitus, Plato, Aristotle, Hegel, Marx, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Freud, Benjamin, and Foucault, among others,I consider Deng＇s death as a personal death and as well as the death of everyman, while also humbling myself in consideration of his many achievements and sacrifices. The passing of a person like Deng offers a moment of sobriety and pause, when the best among us lays face up under a thin white sheet. Such people attract both supporters and critics and the only certainty between them is that death is that final, terrible cure, the one that settles all scores. Sometimes, such moments of sobriety produce their opposite, whether a modicum of panic or outright hysteria, when emotional responses overwhelm rational ones. When that happens it is helpful for the secular mind to return to philosophy, albeit like a penitent seeking both mercy and a few moments more within and without the Mystery and eternal pity.