基于“图式理论”的未成年人阅读推广策略研究

未成年人阅读是全民阅读的重要组成部分。文章利用"图式理论"对未成年人阅读进行了分析,介绍了未成年人阅读推广工作面临的问题,提出了图书馆开展未成年人阅读推广工作的策略。

心理语言学中的“图式理论”与英语阅读教学

从“图式理论”对英语阅读教学的指导意义出发，分析了三个方面的问题；心理语言学中的“图式理论”；语言知识、背景知识在推测过程中的作用；教师在阅读课教学中的特定作用。通过分析，文章认为提高英语的阅读能力离不开推测技能的培养，而正确的推测又离不开必要的语言知识和背景知识，离不开对“图式”的运用。这些分析对于英语教学具有一定的启发意义。

认知角度的隐喻研究

隐喻是一种修辞方式的同时,更是一种认知现象,是人类思维的一种独特手段。人类思维的过程实质上是隐喻性的,认知及思维的过程都是通过类比实现的。文章从认知角度对隐喻展开研究,借用"图式理论"分析隐喻的认知模式,以人类思维的概念系统为依据对隐喻进行分类,从五个方面归纳隐喻的语义特征,结合实例分析隐喻认知过程中的语义转移所具有的特点,进而从相似性隐喻和创造相似性隐喻两个方面揭示出隐喻的认知功能。

On the mode of CRI English assisting college English teaching

The English News of CRI possesses many advantages such as abundance of information and being easily accessible for English learners within the mainland of China. Unfortunately, it has been ignored by most teachers of English and students. Based on the input hypothesis, affective filter hypothesis and schemata theory, this paper probes the mode of CRI English assisting English teaching in college.

Probabilistic contour extraction based on shape prior model

Statistical shape prior model is employed to construct the dynamics in probabilistic contour estimation.By applying principal component analysis,plausible shape samples are efficiently generated to predict contour samples.Based on the shape-dependent dynamics and probabilistic image model,a particle filter is used to estimate the contour with a specific shape.Compared with the deterministic approach with shape information,the proposed method is simple yet more effective in extracting contours from images with shape variations and occlusion.

Comparison of convective parameterizations in RegCM4 experiments over China with CLM as the land surface model

in the latest version of the international Centre for Theoretical Physics＇ regional climate model, RegCM4, CLM was introduced as a new land surface scheme. The performance over China of RegCM4-CLM with different convection schemes is analyzed in this study, based on a series of short- term experiments.The model is driven by ERA-Interim data at a grid spacing of 25 km.The convection schemes employed are： Emanuel; Grell; Emanuel over land and Grell over ocean; Grell over land and Emanuel over ocean; and Tiedtke. The simulated mean surface air temperature and precipitation in December-February-January and June-July-August are compared against observation. In general, better performance of Emanuel is found both for temperature and precipitation, and in both seasons. Thus, the model physics of CLM and Emanuel for the land surface processes and convection, respectively, are recommended for further application of RegCM4 over the China region. The de^ciencies that remain in the model arealso outlined and discussed.

Insight of schema theory into interpretation practice

Schema is an important concept in cognitive psychology, referring to how different types of information are connected in our brain, and the process of activating stored information. In view of modern schema theory, this paper focuses on its application in the three stages of interpretation practice. Schema plays a role in preparation before interpretation, which includes enhancing the interpreter＇s linguistic competence, and enlarging his storage of background information; schema influences performance during interpretation in terms of comprehension and note-taking; summary after interpretation is to supplement original schema. With the guidance of schema theory, interpretation practice can be carried out in an effective way.

Schema Theory and Business English Teaching

Schema Theory, which emphasizes on the effects of existing knowledge on language learning, has been applied into varied areas of language teaching. And BE （business English）, on the other hand, is drawn more and more attentions as a specialized usage of language. This paper will probe into the application of Schema Theory into BE teaching through discussing three types of schemata. In order to facilitate learning, BE teachers should help students modify their exiting schemata, such as teaching them the terminology used in BE, and the factual and socio-cultural knowledge of the business, and improve their ability to speak and listen English in business

Schema theory and its application in teaching listening for non-English major undergraduates

Both empirical research findings and teaching experiences show that most non-English major undergraduates who are poorly aware of the cognitive psychological aspect of listening usually pay far greater attention to their improvement of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, etc. only in listening class. That might be part of the reason, and the author will discuss the application of information-processing model theory, schema theory in particular from the angle of cognitive psychology in listening comprehension course, hoping to remove barriers in the listening procedure to achieve better progress for students in listening ability.

Cultural Schema and Intercultural Communicative Competence

Cultural schemas, as cognitive structures and generalized collections of knowledge of past experiences that are organized into related knowledge groups, can be used to perceive and understand various cultural phenomena in the communication. People carry different schemas （background knowledge） that play an important role in guiding people＇s behaviors in intercultural communication. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to theoretically apply communication strategies to the development of intercultural communicative competence in light of Cultural Schema Theory. It focuses on the relationship between cultural schema and intercultural communicative competence. Some pedagogical implications are given that cultural schema could be previously intended to help communicaters have a better and easier life when they are living in other countries, such as awareness raising, knowledge acquisition, emotional management, and skills development. This paper is written on the basis of a collection of the Chinese university students＇ experience of culture-learning. The study has certain significance in the practice on cultural acquisition, communication competence, and intercultural communication.

The Application of Schema Theory to English Reading Teaching in Junior High School

Reading is an effective means to cultivate junior high school students＇ comprehensive ability of using English and plays an important role in English study. Schema theory is a scientific reading theory advocated by modern teaching, and it regards the reading comprehension as a process that readers＇ knowledge and skills interact with the information in the reading material. In this paper, a questionnaire is conducted to reveal the fact that students lack schemata in reading and then a proposal that language schema, content schema, and form schema be integrated to activate students＇ existing schemata in the process of reading is put forward

Domestication and Foreignization from Perspective of Schema Theory --Culture： an Indispensible Element in Translation

Observing the effects brought by the universal and individual features of the schema inbred in the different languages and cultures, the author touches on the domesticating and foreignizing methods in the process of translation in cultural background from the perspective of schema theory.

The Application of Schema Theory to Teaching Listening Comprehension of College English

Listening is the most important and different skill among the fbur basic language skills---listening, speaking, reading and writing. Schema theory holds the view that listeners＇ background knowledge plays a key role in understanding a new text. Applying schema theory to teaching listening comprehension, the author introduces the ＂three-stage＂ teaching mode. Activating the existing schemata and building the related semantic map in the pre-listening stage, bettering the semantic map in while-listening stage, and practicing the newly-existed schemata in post-listening stage can make all the teaching procedures a whole, and make students feel much easier to understand the listening materials.

The Application of the Psychological Linguistics Theory in College English Reading Teaching

The training of reading skill is the focal point of college English teaching. Psychological linguistics provides a new point of view for college English teaching. From the aspect of psychological linguistics theory this paper discusses some issues, including how to train students to complete the reading process independently, how to build the schema to achieve integrated discourse comprehension, how to choose the most appropriate reading model, in order to improve the English reading skill and provide some enlightenment for college English reading teaching.

THE ROLE OF BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE IN READING TEACHING

For a long time, it has been thought that any reader can comprehend a text well if such factors asvocabulary and grammar are not beyond his knowledge. However, the reading effect seems unsatisfying,which poses a great challenge for reading teaching. In this paper, the author explores the reading process andapplies the Schema Theory, in order to prove the important role of background knowledge in readingcomprehension. Based on this discussion, suggested teaching methods are available for employing backgroundknowledge in reading teaching.

SCHEMA THEORY OF TRANSFER AND ENGLISH TEACHING

This paper tries to illustrate the pragmatic sense of schema theory in English teaching from the perspective of cognitive psychology. The process of knowledge acquisition is an assimilative process, in which the logic sense of the material in the form of words or any other symbolic representation interact with the notions in students' cognitive structure and hence produce individual psychological sense. This paper also observes teaching of English reading from the following six dimensions of the three perspectives of micro-proposition, synthetic-proposition and macro-proposition:1.degree of similarity of basic category words; 2. ambiguity of words and sentences; 3. ambiguity of the 'signifying' and the 'signified'; 4. the distance between the 'signifying' and the 'signified'; 5. the regressive search of cognition; 6. the unification of the 'part' and the 'whole'. The paper probes into the factors that influence students' cognitive process and the practice of schema theory in teaching.

WRESTLING WITH TWO THEORIES IN TEXT COMPREHENSION — A CRITICAL REVIEW OF HOSSEIN NASSAJI'S ARTICLE IN LANGUAGE LEARNING

This paper critically reviews Hossein Nassaji's Language Learning article, which systematically overviews the recent language processing theories, it is especially pertinent to schema theory as well as Walter Kintsch's construction-integration (CI) theory in reading comprehension. The article thoroughly investigates the unified theory (as Kintsch defines), construction-integration theory in text comprehension, which is mainly based upon the comparison with and analysis of the applications of schema theory from the perspective of language reading comprehension. The author tries to work out and illustrate this model as an alternative approach to the schema-oriented models previously used to solve reading comprehension problems in language teaching and leaning.

Self-maps of p-local infinite projective spaces

Abstract Denote by z（p） （resp. Zp） the p localization （resp. p completion） of z. Then we have the canonical inclusion Z（p）→ zp. Let S2n-1（p） be the p-local （2n- 1）-sphere and let B2n（p） be a connected p-local space satisfying S2n-l（p）≌ΩB2n（p）, then H＊B2n（p）,Z（p）） = Z（p）[U] with ｜u｜ = 2n. Define the degree of a self-map f of B2n（p） to be k E Z（p） such that f＊（u） = ku. Using the theory of integer-valued polynomials we show that there exists a self-map of B2n（p） of degree k if and only if k is an n-th power in Zp.

TEACHING EFFICIENT READING IN A COLLEGE ENGLISH CLASSROOM

English, has not only become the international language as it is spoken by a large number of native speakers of other languages and severs as a language of wider communication but also has achieved a genuinely global status owing to its special role recognized in every country. Under such circumstances, greater importance has been attached to English teaching of which reading has been given some privileges at the tertiary level in China.Hence, it is very essential for language teachers to have a good understanding about how to teach reading in a College English classroom.This article discusses what reading is, the important issues in teaching reading and gives some proposals for how to teach reading efficiently in a College English classroom, aiming to give an idea that reading can be learnt effectively if students are motivated,exposed to English language and given chances to use English.

Recognition of Red Cell and Megakaryocyte Based L-Shaped Envelope Function

In order to explore the cell composition and its metabolism,it is important to let computer recognize the cells and get the counts of different cells for a sample.This paper proposes an L-shaped envelop function and the related fuzzy clustering method as a way to identify the megakaryocyte and the red cell from the sliced marrow image.This method is useful when the staining is insufficient and the color cannot be used as the identifying factor.This method uses the experimental histogram data to fit the L-shaped function and then use it as the envelop for the match test.The fuzzy c-means(FCM) performance index is used to test the adjacent area and get the minimum and finally secure the identification.The new method is not limited to megakaryocyte or red cell and can be used for general purposes of cell recognition.Tests show that this envelop function can ensure the recognition rate with different staining batches and can reach satisfied counting under similar illumination condition.