涉农高校科技赋能“土特产”升级发展的实践探索--以西北农林科技大学助推陕西富平柿子产业发展为例

产业振兴是乡村振兴的重中之重,也是实际工作的首要切入点。我国乡村生态类型多样、资源票赋各异,独具特色和优势的乡土传统产业众多,借助新科技的力量,加快“土特产”升级发展,对促进区域乡村振兴和经济社会高质量发展意义重大。文章以西北农林科技大学科技助推陕西富平柿子产业升级发展为例,介绍了富平柿子产业发展概况,阐述了西北农林科技大学科技助推陕西富平柿子产业升级发展的主要举措与取得的成效,并总结了实践经验,以期为新时期涉农高校和科研院所精准服务区域乡村振兴提供借鉴。

高校赋能“土特产” 助力乡村振兴——以河南省济源职业技术学院为例

产业振兴是乡村振兴的重中之重,要落实产业帮扶政策,依托农业农村特色资源,做好“土特产”文章。济源职业技术学院作为济源市坡头镇柳峪沟村的帮扶单位,注重因势利导、因地制宜、因校制宜,将高校在人才、智力、科技等方面的资源优势与柳峪沟村的村情民情有机结合,逐步探索出种植油料作物—加工油料作物—销售植物油的全产业链条,通过强龙头、补链条、兴业态、树品牌,带动当地经济增效、农民增收、乡村增美。

金融支农政策视角下农村金融对“土特产”产业链整合的影响研究

金融支农政策的实施,加快了金融资源向“三农”领域倾斜。农村金融是促进农村经济发展的关键点,支持“土特产”产业发展是金融服务乡村振兴的重要途径。本文从金融支农政策的视角出发,对金融支农政策、农村金融和“土特产”产业链进行概念阐述,在理论基础上,分析农村金融对“土特产”产业链整合的促进作用和潜在挑战,列举景宁农商银行的典型案例进行具体分析。最后,提出三方面对策建议,包括提供新型抵质押融资产品、强化风险防范与管理机制、构建信息共享机制和平台以推动适配模式普及,从而推动“土特产”产业链的优化整合和可持续发展。

发挥融媒体平台优势讲好地方“土特产”故事——以“学习强国”驻马店学习平台为例

随着越来越多“学习强国”地方学习平台上线运营,如何借助这一“国字号”互联网宣传的主阵地主平台,讲好地方故事、传播好地方声音、展示好地方形象,成为地方平台需要持续探索的发展课题。本文以“学习强国”驻马店学习平台近年来在内容建设方面的经验做法为例,探析地方学习平台如何发挥融媒体平台优势,深挖地方“土特产”资源,在做好“土”文章、打好“特”色牌、唱好“产”字歌上实现“破圈”“突围”的发展路径。

打好特色牌 展示“土特产”

电视节目创优,地市台要想有所斩获,出路在哪里呢?我认为,最主要的出路是:打好特色牌,展示"土特产"。也就是利用地域文化资源的优势,打好"民俗"牌,挖掘出当地文化最具魅力的亮点。与中、省台比,地方台的优势是更接近基层、更了解当地的风土民情,对地域文化有着更为亲切的认同感。近年来,围绕这一指导思想,我们创作了一大批有地域特色、有民俗内涵的优秀作品。在各级评比中获奖最多的文艺节目《东雷上锣鼓》,就是其中最为突出的一个。

乡村“农文旅”融合发展的路径

基于“农文旅”融合发展行业规模、创新业态和数字赋能的基础,针对资源开发、文化创意、媒体传播、产业链条和产品加工方面存在的问题,提出应遵循“引流—赋能—产业”的规划原则,以“旅”为起点、以“文”为亮点、以“农”为焦点,促进“农文旅”深度融合发展。

Forest structure,productivity and soil properties in a subtropical ever-green broad-leaved forest in Okinawa,Japan

Structure, species composition, and soil properties of a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Okinawa, Japan, were examined by establishment of plots at thirty sites. The forest was characterized by a relatively low canopy and a large number of small-diameter trees. Mean canopy height for this forest was 10 m and stands contained an average of 5400 stems-ha^-1 （ -〉 3.0 cm DBH）; 64% of those stems were smaller than 10 cm DBH. The total basal area was 54.4 m^2-ha^-1, of which Castanopsis sieboldii contributed 48%. The forest showed high species diversity of trees. 80 tree species （≥ 3.0 cm DBH） from 31 families was identified in the thirty sampling plots. C. sieboldii and Schima wallichii were the dominant and subdominant species in terms of importance value. The mean tree species diversity indices for the plots were, 3.36 for Diversity index （H＇）, 0.71 for Equitability index （J＇） and 4.72 for Species richness index （S＇）, all of which strongly declined with the increase of importance value of the dominant, C. sieboldii. Measures of soil nutrients indicated low fertility, extreme heterogeneity and possible A1 toxicity. Regression analysis showed that stem density and the dominant tree height were significantly correlated with soil pH. There was a significant positive relationship between species diversity index and soil exchangeable K^＋, Ca^2＋, and Ca^2＋/Al^3- ratio （all p values 〈0.001） and a negative relationship with N, C and P. The results suggest that soil property is a major factor influencing forest composition and structure within the subtropical forest in Okinawa.

Characterization, Acid Activation and Bleaching Performance of Bentonite from Xinjiang

Bentonite produced in Xiazijie, Xinjiang (China) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), dif- ferential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The ben- tonite is composed of dioctahedral montmorillonite with predominant quantity, certain amounts of quartz, feldspar and illite and minor amounts of kaolinite, gypsum, etc. The raw bentonite has a CEC of 0.6497 meq·g-1 and allows to be characterized as typical sodium bentonite. In order to bleach cottonseed oil, optimum conditions for sulfuric acid activation of the raw bentonites were investigated, which were obtained by selecting various acid strength, at 96—98℃ and activating for 4h with 1︰2 solid-liquid ratio. The acid activation bentonites were suitable for decol- orization of cottonseed oil through removing carotene and chlorophyll. The bleaching capabilities of different pig- ments with activated bentonite with treatment of 25% sulfuric acid were 70.3%, 73.1%, 83.2%, 81.8% and 88.9%, respectively. Bleaching with acid activated bentonite gave oils lower peroxide values and acid values.

Impact of grazing on soil, vegetation and ewe production performances in a semi-arid rangeland

Controlled grazing is considered a good management strategy to maintain or increase the live weight of livestock and to reduce vegetation degradation of rangelands. The present study investigated soil characteristics, aboveground vegetation biomass dynamics and controlled grazinginduced changes in the live weight of local ewes in the semi-arid rangeland of Ahmadun, Ziarat, Balochistanprovince of Pakistan. An area of 115 ha was protected from livestock grazing in April 2014. In June 2015, soil characteristics within 0-30 cm depth i.e. soil organic matter(SOM), mineral nitrogen, p H and texture in controlled and uncontrolled grazing sites were assessed. Aboveground vegetation biomass measured in early(June) and late summer(August) in 2015 and 2016. The nutritional value i.e. crude protein, phosphorus(P), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF), calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg) and potassium(K) of dominantplant species were assessed at the beginning of experiment in 2015. Vegetation cover of controlled and uncontrolled grazing sites was also measured during the two years of the study period using the Veg Measure software. From June to November in2015 and 2016, controlled and uncontrolled livestock grazing sites were grazed on a daily basis by local ewes with a stocking rate of 2 and 1 head ha^(-1) respectively. Results reveal that the organic matter contents of coarse-textured, slightly alkaline soil of the study site were in the range of 9.4-17.6 g kg^(-1) soil and showed a strong positive correlation with aboveground vegetation biomass. The biomass of plants was 56.5% and 33% greater at controlled than uncontrolled grazing site in 2015 and 2016 respectively and plant cover was also higher at controlled than uncontrolled grazing site in both years The nutrient contents were significantly(P<0.05)lower in grasses than shrubs. In both years, the controlled grazing increased the weight gain of ewes about two folds compared to the uncontrolled grazing.The results indicate that controlled grazing improved the vegetation biomass production and small ruminant productivity.

A Quantification of the Effects of Erosion on the Productivity of Purple Soils

Research on the effects of soil erosion on soil productivity has attracted increasing attention.Purple soil is one of the main soil types in China and plays an important role in the national economy.However,the relationship between erosion and the productivity of purple soils has not been well studied.The purpose of this research was to determine if soil depth,which is dependent on the rate of erosion,has an influence on crop yield and growth.Plot and pot experiments at different soil depths were performed.Results indicate that soils from different parental materials had different growth features and crop yields due to the differential fertility of the derived soils.The yield reduction rate increases exponentially with the depth of eroded soil(level of erosion).The yield reduction rate per unit eroded soil horizon(10 cm) is approximately 10.5% for maize and wheat.

Studies on the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical characteristics of soil and the yield of cassava＊

Bio-organic fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer which have advantages of both organic manure and fertilizer. This study investigated the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of cassava and the soil fertility. The study was carried out in the period of 2004-2005 and the material was cassava cultivar FUXUAN01. The bio-organic fertilizers were applied as basic fertilizers on four different levels of 450 kg/hm^2, 600 kg/hm^2, 750 kg/hm^2, 900 kg/hm^2 in this experiment. The growth of stem and leaf, the yield of earthnut and the starch content of tuber root of cassava and the unit weight, the hole percent, the content of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, microbes, the activity of soil urease and invertase were analyzed during the experiment. The results showed that not only can the bio-organic fertilizer promote the growth of cassava stems and leaves, increase the chlorophyll content and the photosynthesis of leaves, improve the physiological metabolism of cassava, and strengthen physiological function of anti-senility, promote the transformation from photosynthetic organism to tuber root and increase the yield and starch content in the tuber root of cassava, but also decrease the soil unit weight, increase the hole percent of soil, promote microbe activity in the soil, increase the activity of soil urease and invertase, promote the availability of nutrients, increase the content of organic matters, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and increase the utilization rate of fertilizer. It was an effective way to apply the bio-organic fertilizer to increase the yield and starch content in the tuber root of cassava, improving the physical and chemical characters of soil and increasing the soil fertility.

Vegetable Production After Flooded Rice Improves Soil Properties in the Red River Delta, Vietnam

Vegetable production in South East Asia often is in rotation with flooded rice. The puddling of the soil with flooded rice production may result in unfavourable soil conditions for the subsequent production of dry land crops. To establish whether permanent vegetable production results in favourable soil conditions for vegetables, the effects of five different permanent vegetable production systems and a system of vegetable production in rotation with flooded rice on soil properties after flooded rice were studied in a 2-year field experiment. Bulk density at 0.05–0.10 m depth layer decreased with permanent vegetable production and vegetable production in rotation with flooded rice. The decrease in bulk density was influenced by the application of organic manure and rice husks, and especially by the number of crops cultivated, suggesting that frequency of soil tillage had a major effect on bulk density. Ploughing with buffalo traction after flooded rice, in combination with construction of raised beds, could reduce or totally eliminate negative effects of puddling on soil structure. Bulk density at 0.15–0.20 m soil depth was not influenced. Soil acidity decreased significantly in all systems. Soil organic carbon increased in all systems, but significant increase was only found in two permanent vegetable production systems. Available phosphorus(P) significantly increased in two permanent vegetable production systems, with a positively correlation to the amount of P applied. The significant decrease in bulk density and increase in p H(H2O), after only 2 years, showed that soil conditions after flooded rice could be improved in a short time under intensive vegetable production.

Effect of Soil Erosion on Soil Properties and Crop Yields on Slopes in the Sichuan Basin,China

Roles of tillage erosion and water erosion in the development of within-field spatial variation of surface soil properties and soil degradation and their contributions to the reduction of crop yields were studied on three linear slopes in the Sichuan Basin,southwestern China.Tillage erosion was found to be the dominant erosion process at upper slope positions of each linear slope and on the whole short slope (20 m).On the long slope (110 m) and medium slope (40 m),water erosion was the dominant erosion process.Soil organic matter and soil nutrients in the tillage layer were significantly related to slope length and 137 Cs inventories on the long slope; however,there was no significant correlation among them on the short slope,suggesting that water erosion lowered soil quality by transporting SOM and surface soil nutrients selectively from the upper to lower slope positions,while tillage erosion transported soil materials unselectively.On the medium slope,SOM,total N,and available N in the tillage layer were correlated with slope length and the other properties were distributed evenly on the slope,indicating that water erosion on this slope was still the dominant soil redistribution process.Similar patterns were found for the responses of grain yield,aboveground biomass,and harvest index for slopes.These results indicated that tillage erosion was a major cause for soil degradation and grain yield reduction on the linear slopes because it resulted in displacement of the tillage layer soil required for maintaining soil quality and plant growth.