《六度集经》词语札记

《六度集经》是汉文佛典本缘部的重要经典,口语性较强,反映了公元2世纪的语言实际。考释该经中的五条词语:等人、在产、私密、(?)薄、所由,可为汉语词汇史及汉语犬型工具书的编修提供新的研究成果。

Calculation of forest potential productivity for Tianshan forest region

Forest Potential Productivity (FPP) of 8 counties in Tianshan was cal culated, and the potential timber output of these counties was analyzed with Mia mi Model and Thornthwaite Memorial Model. Research results showed that annual av erage output of present stand in Tianshan Forest Region was 3.7 m3/(hm2. a), whi ch reached only 49% of average FPP.

Supply-Side Structural Reforms and China's Potential Economic Growth Rate

This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with the implementation of supply-side structural reforms, China＇s potential economic growth rate will reach an average of 6.5% and 5.8% respectively in the 13th Five-year Plan （2016-2020） and 14th Five-year Plan （2021-2025） periods. These rates are 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher, respectively, than that under the baseline scenario with the inertia of historic trends. In implementing supply-side structural reforms, China must transform governmental functions, break monopolies, create a comprehensive competitive market environment, foster the creation of pro-innovation mechanisms, refocus on quality and efficiency, and raise capital utilization and labor productivity.

Effect of Cropland Occupation and Supplement on Light-temperature Potential Productivity in China from 2000 to 2008

There are more people but less land in China,so food safety has always been a most important issue government concerned.With continuous population increase,economic development and environment protection,cropland occupation and supplement are unavoidable.It not only leads to the variation of cropland area,but also makes the light-temperature potential productivity per unit area different due to regional climate differentiation,therefore impacts the total potential productivity and food output eventually.So,it is necessary to analyze the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and to study its impact on total potential productivity,which is significant to reasonably develop natural resources and instruct agricultural arrangement.This study firstly discussed the variation and distribution of occupation and supplement croplands in China from 2000 to 2008,then analyzed the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and its effect on light-temperature potential productivity.The results demonstrate:1) From 2000 to 2008,the cropland variation presented occupation in the south and supplement in the north,but overall decreased.Supplement cropland was mainly from ecological reclamation(77.78%) and was mainly distributed in Northeast China and Northwest China with poor climatic and natural conditions.Occupation cropland was mainly used for construction(52.88%) and ecological restoration(44.78%) purposes,and was mainly distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,and the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River with better climatic and natural conditions.2) The climate conditions were quite different in supplement and occupation cropland areas.The annual precipitation,annual accumulated temperature and average annual temperature were lower in the supplement cropland area,and its average po-tential productivity per unit was only 62% of occupation cropland area,which was the main reason for the decrease of total potential productivity.3) Cropland occupation and supplement led to the variation of total potential productivity and its spatial distribution.The productivity decreased in the south and increased in the north,but had a net loss of 4.38315×107 t in the whole country.The increase of cropland area was at the cost of reclaiming natural forest and grassland resources,and destroying natural ecological environment,while the decrease of cropland area was mainly due to a lot of cropland occupied by urban-rural construction,which threatened the sustainable use of cropland resources.

Firm review revelation policy considering social ties among consumers

An optimization model is proposed to analyze the optimal review revelation policies and consumer online social network management strategies of e-commerce firms.The results show that displaying friend reviews to consumers does not necessarily increase firms profits.Only when positive reviews account for a large proportion of all the reviews and when the cost of showing friend reviews is not high,can showing friend reviews be more profitable than not showing such information.The distribution of social ties among consumers can affect firms profits.Even in the case that showing friend reviews to consumers is more profitable,an increase in the proportion of strong ties is not necessarily beneficial to firms.Only when the proportion of positive reviews is large enough,can firms profits increase with the increase in the proportion of strong ties among consumers.Moreover,the degree of consumer distrust in the average quality rating can also affect firms strategies for managing consumer online social networks.As the degree of consumer distrust in the average quality rating rises,firms are more likely to obtain higher profits by taking measures to increase the proportion of strong ties among consumers on their websites.

On-line Fault Diagnosis in Industrial Processes Using Variable Moving Window and Hidden Markov Model

An integrated framework is presented to represent and classify process data for on-line identifying abnormal operating conditions. It is based on pattern recognition principles and consists of a feature extraction step, by which wavelet transform and principal component analysis are used to capture the inherent characteristics from process measurements, followed by a similarity assessment step using hidden Markov model (HMM) for pattern comparison. In most previous cases, a fixed-length moving window was employed to track dynamic data, and often failed to capture enough information for each fault and sometimes even deteriorated the diagnostic performance. A variable moving window, the length of which is modified with time, is introduced in this paper and case studies on the Tennessee Eastman process illustrate the potential of the proposed method.

Recommended Medicinal Plants as Source of Natural Products:A Review

Natural product is one of the sources of drugs in pharmaceutical industry,and one of the notable origin of natural product is the medicinal plants.Medicinal plants tend to cure some certain diseases and could be a source for potential drugs.The Department of Health of the Philippines approved 10 medicinal plants namely Allium sativum(Garlic/Bawang),Blumea balsamifera(Nagal camphor/sambong),Cassia alata(Ringworm bush/akapulko),Clinopodium douglasii(Mint/yerba Buena),Ehretia microphylla(Scorpion bush/Tsaang Gubat),Momordica charantia(Bitter Melon/Ampalaya),Peperomia pellucida(Silver bush/ulasimang Bato),Psidium guajava(Guava/Bayabas),Quisqualis indica(Rangoon creeper/niyug-niyogan),and Vitex negundo(Five-leaved Chaste Tree/lagundi).The review was conducted to show that these medicinal plants are capable in treating infections and some diseases.It was found that Allium sativum for the treatmet of wounds,hypertension and tootache;Blumea balsimifera is effective in diuretic treatment for hypertension;Cassia alata for the treatment of scabies,fungal infection,athlete’s foot,tinea flava,ringworm;Clinopodium douglasii for the treatment of muscle pain,arthritis,rheumatism,cough,headache;Ehretia microphylla for the treatment of diarrhea and stomachache;Momordica charantia for the treatment of diabetes mellitus;Peperomia pellucida for the treatment of gout and rheumatism;Psidium guajava for the treatment of wounds and diarrhea;Quisqualis indica for anti-helmintic medicine;and Vitex negundo for the treatment of cough,asthma,and fever.In conclusion,these 10 medicinal plants have natural products that can be used as source for potential drugs.However,there are still many species of ethnobotanical plants that are not yet investigated thoroughly and might be a source for potential drugs.Therefore,more investigations should be done in other species of plant,most especially for the plants with practical used.

An Assessment of Determinants Responsible for Low Mango Productivity in District Muzzafargarh, Pakistan

Mango which is also known as the king of fruits in the country is the second largest growing fruit after citrus in Pakistan. Although mango is being grown in more than hundred countries none of them is comparable to Pakistani mango which is famous for its unique taste all over the world. Pakistan＇s per hectare production is much lower than its potential. The purpose of this study was to assess those factors which are preventing mango growers from getting its potential yield. For this major mango producing area, Muzzaffargarh was selected. The 110 randomly selected farmers were interviewed with a well-designed questionnaire. The mango growers were divided into three categories on the basis of landholding. The Cobb-Douglas model was used to assess the effect of different factors on the productivity. The education level and age of large farmers was found highest among small and medium farmers. Large farmers were enjoying significant high profit per acre with US$519.58 as compared to medium farmers （US$454.15） and small farmers （US$395.10）. The independent variables were explaining almost 89 percent variation in productivity of mango. The significant positive effect of orchard experience, access to extension services, the quantity of NPK, quantity of pesticides and labour cost was found. The age and intercropping practices in mango orchard had a significant negative effect on mango production. Credit facilities must be made available at lower interest rate and the range of extension services must be enhanced to increase the productivity of mango.

The Effect of N-Fertilization on Rosmarinus Officinalis L. （An Upright Variety） Yield in Central Greece

The effect of three different N-fertilization levels （NI： 625, N2：385 and N3：770 kg hal; where in case of N1 was used the 3-6-10＋3MGO＋30% OM and in cases of N2-N3 the 26-0-0 fertilizers） on fresh and dry weight of the perennial Rosmarinus officinalis （upright cultivar） was investigated during the 2nd year after establishment at the Experimental Farm of the Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly in Greece （TEI; Larissa plain） in 2015. It is well documented that the crop reaches its potential yield on the third year of cultivation and continues producing biomass for as long as eight years. Complete weather data （air temperature, radiation, air humidity, precipitation） were recorded hourly in an automatic meteorological station, which was installed to the experimental farm of TEI. Upon harvest （November 3rd 2015）, the crop reached a maximum fresh yield of 11.67 tons per hectare and dry yield of 4.3, respectively. The average fresh weight was 8.2, 8.4 and 8.9 t hal and the dry weight were 2.6, 3.1 and 3.2 t ha-1 for the N1, N2 and N3 levels, respectively. Furthermore the higher moisture content was observed in the case of N1 level （68%）. Therefore, the above data show that rosemary cultivation could be a promising alternative crop, especially in case of the consideration that average selling price of dry rosemary in Greece is 3.5 ∈ kg^-1 and the average gross income exceeds the amount of 10,000 ∈ ha^-1.

Evaluation of Potential Productivity of Woody Energy Crops on Marginal Land in China

Energy crops are a basic material in the bioenergy industry, and they can also mitigate carbon emissions and have environ- mental benefits when planted on marginal lands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential productivity of energy crops on marginal lands in China. A mechanistic model, combined with energy crop and land use characteristics, and meteorological and soil parameters, was used to simulate the potential productivity of energy crops. There were three main results. 1） The total marginal land in China was determined to be 104.78 × 106 ha. The 400-mm precipitation boundary line, which is the dividing line between the semi-humid and semi-arid zones in China, also divided the marginal land into shrub land and sparse forest land in the southeast and bare land, bare rock land, and saline alkali land in the northeast. 2） The total area of the marginal land suitable for planting energy crops was determined to be 55.82 × 106 ha, with Xanthoceras sorbifolia and Cerasus humilis mainly grown in the northern China, Jatropha curcas and Comus wilsoniana mainly grown in the southwest and southeast, and Pistacia chinensis mainly grown in the central area, while also having a northeast-southwest zonal distribution. 3） Taking the highest yield in overlapping areas, the potential productivity of target energy crops was determined to be 32.63 × 106 t/yr. Without considering the overlapping areas, the potential productivity was 6.81× 106 t/yr from X. sorbifolia, 8.86× 106t/yr from C. humilis, 7.18 ×106t/yr from J. curcas, 9.55 × 106t/yr from P. chinensis, and 7.78 ×106 t/yr from C. wilsoniana.

High-quality aluminum turbocharger impellers produced by thixocasting

The thixocasting process was chosen to produce the impellers as it is capable of producing castings with extremely high internal quality.Slugs cut from the DC cast bars are re-heated to the semi-solid casting temperature, and a specially-designed runner and gating system is used to prevent oxide from the surface of the slugs from becoming incorporated into the impeller.The technology used to produce the semi-solid impellers is described in detail.The semi-solid cast impellers, produced from an Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy, are heat treated to the T6 temper.Results from testing are presented demonstrating that the impellers are free of porosity and other internal defects.Both mechanical property and fatigue data are presented showing that the semi-solid impellers have better properties than impellers produced by conventional casting and similar properties to forged and machined impellers.A short study is also described which identified suitable processing parameters to minimize hot tearing in the complex-shaped turbocharger impellers semi-solid cast from alloy 201.The surfaces of the impellers were examined using penetrant testing, and the results of modifying processing parameters on the propensity for surface cracking are presented.An aging study was performed to identify optimum mechanical strength.

夏播大豆荚而不实影响因素与防控措施

大豆荚而不实在黄淮海流域普遍发生,且呈逐年加重趋势,给农业生产以及育种研究带来较大损失,防控形势日益严峻,已成为黄淮海流域大豆生产上亟待解决的重要问题。大豆荚而不实的发生既与品种遗传特性有关,又与植株生长状况、水肥供给、环境因子及病虫危害有密切联系。从夏播大豆的秕荚率遗传、耕作制度、栽培措施、气象因素及病虫危害方面分析了大豆荚而不实的影响因素与防控措施,以期对大豆荚而不实有更全面的了解,同时对今后的研究方向进行了探讨,为综合防控措施的优化提供参考信息,并为抗病抗虫品种的培育提供新思路。

Assessment of the Potential Use of Hydroponic Effluents for Fodder Production

The performance of Guatemala grass （Tripsacum laxum） under fertigation using hydroponic effluents at different dilution rates （effluent：water： 4：0, 3：1, 1：1, 1：3, 0：4） was compared to fertilisation using farmers＇ fertiliser rate of 475 kg 17：8：25/ha applied at planting ＋ 235 kg Sulphate of Ammonia/ha applied as top dressing one month after and 150 kg 17：8：25/ha applied after each harvest. Yield response obtained in plots fertilised using undiluted hydroponic effluents was 16.7% lower than that recorded in plots fertilised using farmers＇ fertiliser rate. The study showed that there-is potential for using hydroponic effluents （undiluted or diluted in the ratio of 3 HE： 1 water） in fodder production as it can provide sustainable yield in the range of 39.5-41.7 t/ha per harvest. Moreover, dilution rate of hydroponic effluents has a direct impact on crop development and fresh biomass yield. Fodder crop yield responded negatively to the increase dilution of hydroponic effluents from 4HE： 0 water to 3HE： 1 water, 1HE： 1 water and 1HE： 3 water. Consequently, the use of hydroponic effluents can eventually help to save on mineral fertiliser use and reduce cost of production while at the same time address environmental hazards related to hydroponic effluents disposal.

On-line forecasting model for zinc output based on self-tuning support vector regression and its application

An on-line forecasting model based on self-tuning support vectors regression for zinc output was put forward to maximize zinc output by adjusting operational parameters in the process of imperial smelting furnace. In this model, the mathematical model of support vector regression was converted into the same format as support vector machine for classification. Then a simplified sequential minimal optimization for classification was applied to train the regression coefficient vector α- α* and threshold b. Sequentially penalty parameter C was tuned dynamically through forecasting result during the training process. Finally, an on-line forecasting algorithm for zinc output was proposed. The simulation result shows that in spite of a relatively small industrial data set, the effective error is less than 10% with a remarkable performance of real time. The model was applied to the optimization operation and fault diagnosis system for imperial smelting furnace.

At the Crossroads： Examining a New Paradigm for Documentaries in the Twenty-First Century

The culture and history of traditional documentaries carries a set of expectations about types and topics, which are covered by the genre. Documentaries are designed to push social agendas with few thoughts to the audience reaction. They align more closely with the vision of the creators and producers, often delivering ideological expressions that present cultural, political, and historical content. However, this might be a voice from the past as television, film, and consumer-generated content finds easy voices for expression due to accessibility of technology in the digital era. The role of documentaries as a genre is in the process of changing. The challenges to this type of production are the result of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Production costs for creating documentaries have simultaneously soared and shrunk, depending on the accessibility of equipment, post-production facilities and distribution. Of course there are many exceptions to this rule given outlets such as film festivals and YouTube as well as Michael Moore-level auteurs. External influences center on the blurring of lines, caused by the proliferation of television programs under the ＂umbrella＂ of reality television. This, in turn, begs the question： Is reality programming the new documentary or is it a new separate genre？ This discussion will explore the overlap and similarities that exist between documentary programming and reality television programming. Furthermore, it will develop a paradigm of comparisons that re-examines the role and character of documentary production and aesthetics within the landscape of the reality television genre.

Brand Development and Transmedia Production The Geofreakz Case Study

This paper looks at how brand development and marketing communication rules are useful, if not essential tools in the transmedia storytelling process. After providing clarification on the meaning of true transmedia content, the author suggests that this fi）rm of narrative necessitates a variety of techniques that are beyond those found in the traditional skill set of the linear storyteller. The paper introduces a multi-layered model to help provide a structure for the development of transmedia narrative. It also outlines various stages of development and their specific characteristics. These include the establishment of a core message, introductory, development, and mature narrative phases. It draws extensive]Ly from a case study in transmedia storytelling co-produced by the author. The project, entitled Geo Freakz is rooted in the family sport of geocaching and was initially released on a trial basis, in Canada. The project includes webisodes, multiplayer on line games, TV programming, and live events. Collaborative partners are drawn from several media modalities. Findings from the case to date are used to illustrate the model presented in the paper as well as outline challenges in transmedia storytelling yet to be dealt with.

Online Monitoring the Products Quality by Measuring Cavity Pressure during Injection Molding

Injection molding is a complicated production technique for the manufacturing of polymer products. During injection molding, it＇s hard to predict molding quality; the injection molding parameters, such as mold temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure and packing time, affect the final properties of product. The cavity pressure is a significant key factor. Residual stress and injection molding weight are significantly affected by the cavity pressure. This study created an approach to predict weight of injection-molded by real-time online cavity pressure monitoring. This study uses a 6-inch with thickness lmm light guide panel and the largest area beneath the pressure curve of time as well as the maximum pressure as its characteristic. The upper and lower limits of the control are set to ＋2 standard deviations, and GUI （Graphical User Interface）-based LabVIEW software is used to perform calculation and analysis of the pressure curve. The results of the experiment show that the online internal cavity pressure monitoring system can effectively monitor the quality of the molded products. In 500 injection molding cycle tests, its error rate was less than 8%, whereas the deviation in mass of the molded products selected through the system＇s filtering process was successfully controlled to be within ±4%.

WebPIPA （Web Based Paddy Irrigation Productivity Assessment）： An Online Irrigation Water Supply Management for Tanjung Karang Rice Irrigation Scheme （TAKRIS）

Irrigation water management has significant economic implications in developing countries like Malaysia. As in many countries, Malaysia is also espousing internet as a platform of new possibilities for information access and sharing. Thus web based decision tools are pertinent in managing water, which is becoming a source of conflict between domestic, industry and agricultural use in this emerging technological and information age. Decision Support System （DSS） created in the past was theoretically acceptable but practically not effective in the transfer of scientific knowledge from research labs to the end-users to support them in decision making. The Web Based Paddy Irrigation Productivity Assessment （WebPIPA） is an example of DSS created to provide an effective conduit for the transfer of scientific knowledge from research labs to the end-users to support them in decision making. WebPIPA serves as an innovative, user friendly and efficient management tool for run-of-river rice irrigation system. It is a web based program that requires users to login through user name and password WebPIPA is developed using Net framework and ASP. Net Programming Languages of Microsoft. Net 2003 environment. A 3-tier architecture framework was carefully studied and was implemented to create the WebP1PA model. Mathematical model developed for aiding irrigation decisions must be oriented towards addressing various issues in addition to the scientific ones for better acceptability. All government and private agencies, researchers, station users, farmers, investors and buyers related to this study area will be able to access and share the database through the internet. By strengthening the involvement of government departments, the database can be very effectively used by all stakeholders at the same time narrowing the gap between the urban and rural communities in the development of country.

Structured Product＇s Hidden Value

This empirical study explores Can-Do structured products engineered by Johannesburg Securities Exchange （JSE） of South Africa around June 2006. However, as time evolved, different types of Can-Do structured products were developed. Can-Do structured product, called XFWQ, is used as an example in this empirical study. As previous empirical studies by Georgieva （2005） and Subandh （2007） have confirmed that there are embedded exotic options within structured products that generally make these products to be expensive, and in most cases less profitable compared with plain-vanilla assets, the empirical study confirmed that there is an embedded shout option with the Can-Do structured product. Furthermore, the empirical study shows that there is extra value to the structured product indicated by European long call option that does not accrue to the investors when time of expiration reaches maturity.

A Novel Solar Driven Micro-CliP System： A State of the Art Review

The state-of-the-art solar power system technologies are presented. Various methods of capturing solar energy using solar collectors such as parabolic trough collectors and dish collectors are reviewed. Combined heat and power （CHP） systems driven by concentrating solar absorbers and supplemented by biomass boilers are proving to be the most promising methods of domestic power generation, μCHP systems eliminate losses associated with power distribution and transmission opposed to the large scale power generation methods. The systems can utilize about 75% of solar energy to provide electric and thermal energy direct to end users. The driving potential behind μCHP systems is the thermal efficiency the systems can achieve and their market significance. Despite huge potential market for μCHP systems, the systems are yet to be seen available in commercial market. Hence the authors of this paper are currently developing such type of CHP system with electricity production being of prime importance.