百合地黄汤及其类方在肿瘤治疗中的应用

肿瘤进展及化疗、放疗、手术各种治疗过程中患者常发生的不适症状(例如抑郁、心烦、食欲时好时坏、呕吐、口苦、小便色黄、身体虚弱)与百合病类似。仲景病证结合思路也适用于肿瘤治疗。例如,百合地黄汤加减治疗非小细胞肺癌及放射性肺炎、百合类方治疗肿瘤相关性抑郁焦虑、百合知母汤加减治疗乳腺癌术后心烦夜寐难安及肿瘤并发出血,百合滑石散加减治疗直肠癌术后抑郁兼小便灼热、百合滑石代赭汤加减治疗胃癌。以百合地黄汤为主方的病证结合思路在运用到肿瘤治疗时需注意明辨证型,抓住主症,病证结合。此外,对于百合地黄汤的其他类方(百合鸡子汤、百合洗方、栝蒌牡蛎散)目前虽未见肿瘤临床文献报道,但亦可应用于今后临床实践中,从而提高患者生活质量。

基于LC-MS法研究百合地黄汤单煎及共煎液中化学成分变化

目的测定仲景古方百合地黄汤水煎液成分,并对鲜百合和鲜地黄的水煎液所含成分进行对比,为优化百合地黄汤提取工艺提供初步依据。方法以液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术为基础,定性分析百合地黄汤水煎液所含化学成分并进行归属及聚类分析,同时对百合水煎液、地黄汁所含化学成分进行比对。结果百合水煎液、鲜地黄汁中分别检测到35种、36种化学成分;古法煎煮后,在百合地黄汤水煎液中发现69种化学成分,其中有机酸类16种、糖类及苷类共6种、氨基酸及多肽类共8种、生物碱类3种;其中有8种物质为原百合水煎液与地黄汁共有,较两种原煎液新产生36种物质,且抗抑郁有效成分毛蕊花糖苷仅存在于共煎液中。结论古法百合地黄汤共煎液中抗抑郁有效成分比单煎液丰富,有助于抗抑郁有效成分的提取,LC-MS技术适用于复方提取液的含量测定,通过此研究,构建了基于质谱技术的中药复方化学物质组成表征的指纹图谱。

“四合”成就清史专家阎崇年

他因中央电视台《百家讲坛》之“清十二帝疑案”节目的热播，红遍大江南北，他在研究历史五十多年间、熟读儒家经典，悟出建树业绩的密笈。

百合地黄汤治疗更年期抑郁症的临床疗效及对神经内分泌系统的影响

目的:探讨百合地黄汤治疗更年期抑郁症的临床疗效及对神经内分泌系统的影响。方法:将86例更年期抑郁症患者随机分为两组,每组43例,对照组予氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗,治疗组在其基础上予百合地黄汤治疗,观察比较两组的临床疗效、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量评分及神经内分泌系统的改善情况(5-HT、NE、E_2、FSH、LH)等指标。结果:治疗组临床总有效率为90.7%,明显高于对照组的81.4%,提示治疗组汉密尔顿抑郁评分(HAMD)及匹兹堡睡眠质量评分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);疗程结束,两组血清5-HT和NE水平较治疗前均显著升高,而治疗组升高幅度较对照组更显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组血清E_2水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),FSH及LH水平较治疗前下降(P<0.05),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:百合地黄汤治疗更年期抑郁症临床疗效确定,可有效提高患者睡眠质量,通过调节神经内分泌系统来缓解临床不适症状。

Preparation and interface state of phosphate tailing-based geopolymers

The long-term storage of phosphate tailings will occupy a large amount of land,pollute soil and groundwater,thus,it is crucial to achieve the harmless disposal of phosphate tailings.In this study,high-performance geopolymers with compressive strength of 38.8 MPa were prepared by using phosphate tailings as the main raw material,fly ash as the active silicon-aluminum material,and water glass as the alkaline activator.The solid content of phosphate tailings and fly ash was 60% and 40%,respectively,and the water-cement ratio was 0.22.The results of XRD,FTIR,SEM-EDS and XPS show that the reactivity of phosphate tailings with alkaline activator is weak,and the silicon-aluminum material can react with alkaline activator to form zeolite and gel,and encapsulate/cover the phosphate tailings to form a dense phosphate tailings-based geopolymer.During the formation of geopolymers,part of the aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron replaced the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron,causing the polycondensation reaction between geopolymers and increasing the strength of geopolymers.The leaching toxicity test results show that the geopolymer has a good solid sealing effect on heavy metal ions.The preparation of geopolymer from phosphate tailings is an important way to alleviate the storage pressure and realize the resource utilization of phosphate tailings.

Experimental study on the properties of CMTs-incorporated geopolymers prepared at low temperatures

Considering that copper mine tailings(CMTs)are commonly mixed with ordinary Portland cement,fly ash(FA),and kaolin to produce geopolymers,to make full use of CMTs,the properties of geopolymers manufactured under different material mass ratios and curing methods(standard curing,water bath curing,and 60℃curing)are evaluated with significantly increased dosage of CMTs.Porosity and unconfined compressive strength tests,X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,and energy dispersive spectroscopy are used to determine the physical and mechanical properties,microstructure,and mineral composition of geopolymers.Finally,costs and CO 2 emissions of specimens with different material mass ratios during the preparation processes are compared.The results show that during the geopolymerization of low-calcium materials,various geopolymer gels,including calcium silicate,calcium silicoaluminate,and mainly sodium silicoaluminate gels,coexist.The solid waste,cost,and carbon dioxide emission reductions can reach 100%,166.3 yuan/t,and 73.3 kg/t,respectively.Under a curing condition of 60℃,the sample with a CMTs mass fraction of 70%and an FA mass fraction of 30%meets the requirements of porosity,compressive strength.The resource utilization of CMT and FA is realized in a more economical way.

Performance of water-coupled charge blasting under different in-situ stresses

Water-coupled charge blasting is a promising technique to efficiently break rock masses.In this study,numerical models of double boreholes with water-coupled charge are established using LS-DYNA and are calibrated by the tests of rock masses subjected to explosion loads to examine its performance.The crack levels of rock mass induced by water-coupled charge blasting and air-coupled charge blasting are first compared.It is found that water-coupled charge blasting is more appropriate to fracture deep rock mass than air-coupled charge blasting.In addition,the effects of rock properties,water-coupled charge coefficients,and borehole connection angles on the performance of water-coupled charge blasting are investigated.The results show that rock properties and water-coupled charge coefficients can greatly influence the crack and fragmentation levels of rock mass induced by water-coupled charge blasting under uniform and non-uniform in-situ stresses.However,changing borehole-connection angles can only affect crack and fragmentation levels of rock mass under non-uniform in-situ stresses but barely affect those under uniform in-situ stresses.A formula is finally proposed by considering the above-mentioned factors to provide the design suggestion of water-coupled charge blasting to fracture rock mass with different in-situ stresses.

复方生地合剂治疗系统性红斑狼疮(阴虚内热型)的疗效及安全性评价

目的:研究复方生地合剂在治疗阴虚内热型系统性红斑狼疮中增效减毒、撤减激素用量和改善症状等方面的优势。方法:将60例阴虚内热型系统性红斑狼疮患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。均以中、小剂量糖质激素及羟氯喹治疗作为基础用药,治疗组加用复方生地合剂(生地黄30 g、生石膏30 g、忍冬藤30 g),对照组加用安慰剂(淮山药、焦糖)。治疗3个月,比较2组相关指标变化情况。结果:治疗3个月后,治疗组总有效率为83.33%,显著高于对照组的50.00%(P﹤0.05);治疗组中医证候积分、SLE-DAI积分均较治疗前改善(P﹤0.05或P﹤0.01),且治疗组优于对照组(P﹤0.05);治疗组激素用量较治疗前明显减少(P﹤0.05);治疗组抗ds-DNA抗体较治疗前降低(P﹤0.05),对照组治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),且治疗后2组比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。治疗组不良反应事件发生率明显低于对照组(P﹤0.05)。结论:复方生地合剂治疗阴虚内热型系统性红斑狼疮疗效明显,可显著降低中医证候积分、SLE-DAI积分,且安全性良好,能显著减少西药的毒副反应及并发症;更利于患者激素的撤减。

《楚地出土战国简册合集》图版札记二则

通过考察《楚地出土战国简册合集》中的新图版,我们发现两处过去没有注意到的字形问题:曾侯乙墓中的“凫”,过去认为从独立的“勹”旁,新图版可见“隹”“勹”共笔,此可联系并解释包山简从“凫”之字,同时望山简新图版中“凫”字也存在共笔现象;曾侯乙简新图版中有一从“兕”之字过去漫漶不识,对比古文字“兕”及相关字形,可推此形释“兕”合理。

玄地滋阴合剂治疗中枢性性早熟阴虚火旺证女童199例前瞻性队列研究

目的观察玄地滋阴合剂治疗女童中枢性性早熟(CPP)阴虚火旺证的临床疗效和安全性,并分析身体质量指数(BMI)对疗效的影响。方法纳入236例CPP阴虚火旺证女童,均给予玄地滋阴合剂口服治疗,每次30 ml,每天2次,共治疗6个月。治疗前后检测患儿体重、身高、骨龄,计算BMI和BMI标准化值(BMI Z值)、骨龄与实际年龄差值;B超检测子宫卵巢大小,计算子宫容积(V子宫)、双侧卵巢容积(V左卵巢,V右卵巢)、双侧最大卵泡直径(r左卵泡及r右卵泡);检测血清性激素水平,包括促卵泡激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T),并进行中医证候评分。采用多元线性回归分析骨龄与实际年龄差值、子宫容积变化的影响因素。患儿根据基线BMI分为正常体重组及超重/肥胖组两组,比较两组患儿治疗前后骨龄、骨龄与实际年龄差值、V子宫及BMI Z值。结果最终199例患儿进入统计分析,与治疗前比较,治疗后患儿骨龄、BMI及BMI Z值增大,骨龄与实际年龄差值、中医证候积分、V子宫、V左卵巢、V右卵巢、r左卵泡、r右卵泡减小,血清FSH、LH、E2、T水平下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。骨龄与实际年龄差值变化与LH、V子宫呈负相关(P<0.05),子宫容积变化与LH呈正相关(P<0.01)。治疗前后组间比较,正常体重组(100例)患儿骨龄、骨龄与实际年龄差值、BMI Z值明显小于超重/肥胖组(99例)(P<0.01)。与本组治疗前比较,两组患儿骨龄增大,骨龄与实际年龄差值、V子宫缩小(P<0.01)。进一步对两组患儿Δ骨龄与实际年龄差值、ΔV子宫比较(Δ=治疗后值-治疗前值),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论玄地滋阴合剂治疗CPP阴虚火旺证女童可降低患儿骨龄、性激素水平,减小卵巢和子宫体积,改善临床症状,对超重/肥胖儿童效果亦佳,对CPP女童骨龄的抑制作用不受BMI影响,且安全性好。

A simulation study of formation permeability as a function of methane hydrate concentration

We modeled and studied the permeability of methane hydrate bearing formations as a function of methane hydrate concentration by artificially varying the T2 distribution as well as using a tube-sphere model.We varied the proportion of irreducible and movable water as well as the total porosity associated with the T2 distribution and found the normalized permeability as a function of methane hydrate concentration is dependent of these variations.Using a tube-sphere model,we increased the methane hydrate concentration by randomly placing methane hydrate crystals in the pore spaces and computed the permeability using either the Schlumberger T2 relaxation time formula or a direct calculation based on Darcy＇s law assuming Poiseuille flow.Earlier experimental measurements reported in the literature show there is a methane hydrate concentration range where the permeability remains relatively constant.We found that when the Schlumberger T2 relaxation time formula is used the simulation results show a curve of normalized permeability versus methane hydrate concentration quite close to that predicted by the Masuda model with N = 15.When the permeability was directly calculated based on Darcy＇s law,the simulation results show a much higher normalized permeability and only show a trend consistent with the experimental results,i.e.,with a permeability plateau,when the methane hydrate crystals are preferentially placed in the tubes,and the higher the preferential probability,the larger the range where the permeability has a plateau.

Using 4C OBS to reveal the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates at the northern continental slope of South China Sea

To investigate the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates in the northern continental slope of South China Sea, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey conducted four-component （4C） ocean-bottom seismometer （OBS） surveys. A case study is presented to show the results of acquiring and processing OBS data for detecting gas hydrates. Key processing steps such as repositioning, reorientation, PZ summation, and mirror imaging are discussed. Repositioning and reorientation find the correct location and direction of nodes. PZ summation matches P- and Z-components and sums them to separate upgoing and downgoing waves. Upgoing waves are used in conventional imaging, whereas downgoing waves are used in mirror imaging. Mirror imaging uses the energy of the receiver ghost reflection to improve the illumination of shallow structures, where gas hydrates and the associated bottom-simulating reflections （BSRs） are located. We developed a new method of velocity analysis using mirror imaging. The proposed method is based on velocity scanning and iterative prestack time migration. The final imaging results are promising. When combined with the derived velocity field, we can characterize the BSR and shallow structures; hence, we conclude that using 4C OBS can reveal the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates.

Differences of Photosynthetic Characteristics of the Grape Cultivated in Greenhouse and Open Field in Turpan

[Objective] This study compared the leaf photosynthetic characteristics of Turpan grape cultivated in greenhouses and open field to provide a scientific basis for the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of grape. [Method] Two precocious grape varieties as experimental materials were cultivated in greenhouses and open field, and their net photosynthetic rates （Pn）, photo-response curves and CO2 response curves were determined using Li-400XT portable photosynthesis system. [Result] The leaf Pn of the two varieties cultivated in open field was higher than that in greenhouse. The Pn of Hongqitezao cultivated in open field was the highest, up to 19.79 μmol/（m^2·s）; in the photo-response curves, Hongqitezao cultivated in greenhouse had the largest Pnmax and apparent quantum yield （AQY）, while the Flame Seedless in greenhouse had the smallest light compensation point （LCP）. The light saturation point （LSP） value of greenhouse cultivation was higher than that of open field cultivation. In the CO2 response test, the dark respiration rate （Rd） and Pnmax of greenhouse cultivation were higher than those of open field cultivation, and the carboxylation efficiency （CE） of greenhouse cultivation was lower than that of open field cultivation; the CO2 compensation point （CCP） and CO2 saturation point （CSP） of greenhouse cultivation were lower than those of open field cultivation. [Conclusion] The utilization of elevated light in greenhouse cultivation was more efficient than in open field cultivation; however, the utilization of elevated CO2 in greenhouse cultivation was weaker than tin open field cultivation.

Experimental analysis and application of sparsity constrained deconvolution

Sparsity constrained deconvolution can improve the resolution of band-limited seismic data compared to conventional deconvolution. However, such deconvolution methods result in nonunique solutions and suppress weak reflections. The Cauchy function, modified Cauchy function, and Huber function are commonly used constraint criteria in sparse deconvolution. We used numerical experiments to analyze the ability of sparsity constrained deconvolution to restore reflectivity sequences and protect weak reflections under different constraint criteria. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of sparsity constrained deconvolution depends on the agreement between the constraint criteria and the probability distribution of the reflectivity sequences; furthermore, the modified Cauchy- constrained criterion protects the weak reflections better than the other criteria. Based on the model experiments, the probability distribution of the reflectivity sequences of carbonate and clastic formations is statistically analyzed by using well-logging data and then the modified Cauchy-constrained deconvolution is applied to real seismic data much improving the resolution.

地黄及其传统复方防治抑郁症研究

滋阴清热中药地黄及其传统复方(百合地黄汤、一贯煎、天王补心丹、血府逐瘀汤)在临床上可广泛应用于抑郁症的防治,然而其现代科学内涵尚不太清楚。通过对中国知网(CNKI)和PubMed等国内外文献数据库的检索分析,探讨地黄及其以上传统复方在防治抑郁症的现代研究现状及对策。研究结果表明,生地黄粗粉及其乙醇提取物均有显著的抗抑郁作用,其作用机制可能可能部分涉及恢复下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA轴)功能障碍、增强单胺能神经系统以及上调脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和酪氨酸激酶受体B(TrkB)的表达等途径;地黄传统复方(百合地黄汤、一贯煎、天王补心丹、血府逐瘀汤)均能产生抗抑郁作用,其中百合地黄汤(含百合地黄粉)的抗抑郁作用机制可能与抑制单胺氧化酶活性进而提高单胺类神经递质含量、抑制炎症反应、以及提高脑内神经营养因子的水平从而起到神经元保护作用等有关,一贯煎(主要为其加味方)的抗抑郁药理机制涉及5-羟色胺1A受体(5-HT1A)mRNA转录功能,天王补心丹的抗抑郁作用机制涉及抑制HPA轴活性、上调海马磷酸化糖原合酶激酶3β(p-GSK3β)和BDNF的蛋白表达,血府逐瘀汤(含血府逐瘀口服液)的抗抑郁作用机制可能涉及提高脑内5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平、上调海马5-HT1A和p-GSK3β的表达等有关。结合地黄及其传统复方在防治抑郁症方面的现代研究进展及存在的主要问题,提出"深入开展地黄及其传统复方(百合地黄汤、一贯煎、天王补心丹、血府逐瘀汤等)防治抑郁症的主要药效物质基础的确认及其体内过程研究、分子机制及作用靶点研究"之对策,以期为地黄及其传统复方在防治抑郁症方面的科学、高效、合理的应用提供实验支撑。

Sea level change and forecast in the future — climate of the past,today and the future

The sea-level change is resulted from superposition of sun, moon and other planeries, and earth itself, biological process, atmosphere and oceanography, as well as artificial actions. As a result, the sea level change is really a sensitive integral variation value of many variations, or a combined function of coupling effects of various big systems. Therefore the above mentioned superposed action of different systems and the coupling effect of sun earth and biological aspects may be called as sun earth biological coupling effect system. Based on this hypothesis, the corresponding sun dynamic, air dynamic, water dynamic and earth dynamic conceptional models are established in order to research the multiple coupling effects and feedback machsnism between these big systems. In order to determine the relations, effectness and coherent relation of different variations, the quantity, analysis is conducted through collective variation and stage division. The quantity analysis indicates that the earths spindle rotation speed is the dynamic mechanism controlling the sea level change of fluctuation. The change rate of sea level in the world is ＋1.32 ＋ 0.22 mm/a, while the sea level change rate in China is only＋1.39 ＋ 0.26 mm/a in average. If take the CO2 content as the climate marker, eight cold stages （periods） are grouped out since two hundreds years AC. The extreme cold of the eighth cold stage started approximately at 1850 years AC. and if the stage from the extreme cold to extreme warm is determined as long as 200 years, the present ongoing warm stage will end at about 2050 years, there after the temperature will begin to tower. If the stage between cold and warm extremes lasts for 250 years, then the temperature will become lower at about 2100 year. Until to that time, the sea-level is estimated to raise ＋7 - ＋11 ＋ 3.5 cm again, and there after, the sea level will begin the new lowering trend. In the same time, the climate will enter into next new cold stage subsequently.

New Tineid Genus and Species (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) from China

A new genus Unilepidotricha gen. nov. is proposed based on the type species U. gracilicurva sp. nov. collected from Yunnan, China. The photographs of the adult and the genitalia as well as the drawings of the wing venation are provided.

Rhizome Elongation Growth of Umbrella Bamboo(Fargesia murielae) Seedlings at Its Native Home in Central China

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the rhizome elongation growth of umbrella bamboo （Fargesia murielae） seedlings in China. [Method] The study was conducted in Liangfengya, Shennongjia National Nature Reserve. In the field investigation, six clumps of umbrella bamboo which grow independently were randomly selected and labeled. Rhizome elongation growth parameters, length and diameter of all the ages were measured. The age classes of bamboo rhizome were ascertained by age grade backtracking method. [Result] Field investigation suggested that at seedling phase, rhizome of umbrella bamboo prolonged very quickly under yearly time sequence, following an exponential curve. It indicated that although it was 15 years since the mother population died back, new generation had not been established its stable population yet. [Conclusion] Studying elongation regulation of umbrella bamboo may provide the theory understanding of life cycle of this long lived bamboo species.

Research on Beautiful Countryside Planning in Underdeveloped Areas from Perspective of Traditional and Modern Integration——a Case Study of Jiangjia Village, Jishui County, Jiangxi Province

In context of building beautiful countryside nationwide, underdeveloped areas are confronted by many problems, such as monotonous industry structure, simi- lar rural landscape and loss of characteristics. With a case of Jiangjia Village, Jishui County, Jiangxi Province, the research explored rural pattern, cultural characteristics, building style, development value and potential and analyzed regional cooperation, urban-rural integration, and planning first, from the perspectives of economy, culture and building in order to protect traditional economy and highlight local characteristics.

Assessment of Land Comprehensive Carrying Capacity in Lin'an City

According to regional characteristics and the actual situation in Lin ’an City, an evaluation index system of land comprehensive carrying capacity composed of three support subsystems （eco-environment, social and economic carrying capaci-ties） containing 22 evaluation indexes was established to evaluate the comprehen-sive carrying capacity of land resource in Lin’an City during 2005-2012. Meanwhile, based on the target data of overal land use plan, the level of land comprehensive carrying capacity was predicted at the end of the plan period （2020） .The results showed that land comprehensive carrying capacity had a significant growth in Lin ’an from 2005 to 2012, and the development trend was basical y sustainable. The sub-systems also had been greatly improved, in which the constant improvement of ec-ological environment carrying capacity made the largest contribution to the constant raising of land comprehensive carrying capacity. The degree of coordination between the systems was poor, in which eco-environment carrying capacity had the maxi-mum growth, far more than the social and economic carrying capacities. According to the land comprehensive carrying capacity in 2020, utilization of land resources in Lin＆#39;an city can achieve sustainable development in general. Final y, proposals of im-proving comprehensive carrying capacity were put forward in terms of the enhance-ment of eco-environment protection, accelerating economic development and policy guidance.