The aim of the research is to investigate strategies used by students taking part in translation class. The strategies, which are frequently considered ＂errors＂ but in fact show their tactics to overcome their probl...The aim of the research is to investigate strategies used by students taking part in translation class. The strategies, which are frequently considered ＂errors＂ but in fact show their tactics to overcome their problems at hand. The participants were 50 graduate students taking a translation course at Lampung University, Indonesia. The research which last for four months in 2011/2012 academic year was qualitative by nature. The research instruments were protocol analysis, observation, and interviews. The protocols of their translations were coded and analyzed to identify kinds of gooffmgs and their motivating factors. Observation was intended to get data on goofings while they were on the process of translation. Interview was intended to get the data on how they translated and why they translated in the way they did. It was found that majority of goofmgs was developmental, which can be easily eradicated by exposure and appropriate training on how to translate communicatively. Feedback from the lecturer plays an important role in minimizing their goofmgs. Therefore, the lecturers are suggested to provide a lot of exposure, appropriate training on how to translate communicatively, and feedback to the participants so that they could take benefits from it.展开更多
Court interpreting as a type of dialogue or liaison interpreting has recently drawn an increasing level of attention in a variety of disciplines, including legal science, applied linguistics, and translation studies. ...Court interpreting as a type of dialogue or liaison interpreting has recently drawn an increasing level of attention in a variety of disciplines, including legal science, applied linguistics, and translation studies. Amongst discussions relevant to court interpreting, the area of sight translation has yet to be emphasized, despite its importance to the outcome of a trial. In this study I first had observations of court interpreting activities on several occasions. Based on these observations, I then formulated a questionnaire and distributed it to 86 interpreters in two training workshops organized by the Taiwan High Court in 2013. The key findings are as follows： most interpreters consider sight translation to be more difficult than other forms of interpretation in the courtroom; while conducting sight translation many interpreters pause in order to seek clarification or are interrupted; most interpreters would prefer the judge or the prosecutor to orally summarize the text to be sight translated; and, after ＂negotiation,＂ most practitioners tend to lower the level of formality when dealing with a text written in a formal style. These findings imply that interpreters conducting sight translation render a translation through ＂negotiation＂ with other participants of the activity; this negotiation can be seen as an attempt to build a ＂context＂ from the perspective of liaison interpreting. This study intends to raise the awareness of court interpreters regarding a number of key issues in sight translation, and the results are hoped to be conducive to the future study of other types of liaison interpreting and interpreting as a whole.展开更多
Case study research investigated the launching of an innovative Live Journal, as part of a professional social network, during international conference held in Israel on the subject of teacher training. Research liter...Case study research investigated the launching of an innovative Live Journal, as part of a professional social network, during international conference held in Israel on the subject of teacher training. Research literature notes various publications used to record research and academic materials, but talks less about tools accompanying academic conferences. As far as could be ascertained no online ＂live journal＂ has served the needs of a professional conference. To understand the process and contribution of the Live Journal, qualitative study was chosen, using categorical analysis to interpret materials uploaded by participants on the journal. Additionally, in-depth interviews exposed participants＇ voices and interpretations. The research aimed to identify factors encouraging or hindering the initiative＇s success, patterns of participation, participants＇ characteristics, writing styles and incumbent difficulties and aimed to present a model for optimal operation of the Live Journal. Findings indicate essential components for the journal＇s success include： participants, technology and marketing, noting the importance of each component and their correlation with other components. The journal＇s potential to assist construction of a professional community, and act as an impetus for professional development and familiarity with other professionals in the field indicates the importance of the journal and constitutes the key for success.展开更多
In the urban labor market, the rural labor force can choose whether to become self- employed or work for wages depending on their stock of human capital and local labor market conditions. A simple Mincer earnings regr...In the urban labor market, the rural labor force can choose whether to become self- employed or work for wages depending on their stock of human capital and local labor market conditions. A simple Mincer earnings regression shows that the rate of return to schooling for wage earners is two percentage points higher than that for the self-employed. After correcting for bias in sample selection, the expanded Mincer earnings equation estimated the rate of return to schooling for wage earners at between 5.3 and 6.8 percent. From the standpoint of training, we found that the simplest form of training, short-term training and formal training played an important role in promoting migrant workers’ repeat mobility. However, the simplest form of training did not have a significant effect on earnings,whereas short-term and formal training played an important determining role in this respect. Moreover, rights protection issues such as wage arrears also had an important effect on migrant workers’ repeat mobility. In handling heterogeneity and endogenous educational variables among migrant workers, the authors found that the years of schooling of the parents of migrant workers were not an ideal instrumental variable.展开更多
文摘The aim of the research is to investigate strategies used by students taking part in translation class. The strategies, which are frequently considered ＂errors＂ but in fact show their tactics to overcome their problems at hand. The participants were 50 graduate students taking a translation course at Lampung University, Indonesia. The research which last for four months in 2011/2012 academic year was qualitative by nature. The research instruments were protocol analysis, observation, and interviews. The protocols of their translations were coded and analyzed to identify kinds of gooffmgs and their motivating factors. Observation was intended to get data on goofings while they were on the process of translation. Interview was intended to get the data on how they translated and why they translated in the way they did. It was found that majority of goofmgs was developmental, which can be easily eradicated by exposure and appropriate training on how to translate communicatively. Feedback from the lecturer plays an important role in minimizing their goofmgs. Therefore, the lecturers are suggested to provide a lot of exposure, appropriate training on how to translate communicatively, and feedback to the participants so that they could take benefits from it.
文摘Court interpreting as a type of dialogue or liaison interpreting has recently drawn an increasing level of attention in a variety of disciplines, including legal science, applied linguistics, and translation studies. Amongst discussions relevant to court interpreting, the area of sight translation has yet to be emphasized, despite its importance to the outcome of a trial. In this study I first had observations of court interpreting activities on several occasions. Based on these observations, I then formulated a questionnaire and distributed it to 86 interpreters in two training workshops organized by the Taiwan High Court in 2013. The key findings are as follows： most interpreters consider sight translation to be more difficult than other forms of interpretation in the courtroom; while conducting sight translation many interpreters pause in order to seek clarification or are interrupted; most interpreters would prefer the judge or the prosecutor to orally summarize the text to be sight translated; and, after ＂negotiation,＂ most practitioners tend to lower the level of formality when dealing with a text written in a formal style. These findings imply that interpreters conducting sight translation render a translation through ＂negotiation＂ with other participants of the activity; this negotiation can be seen as an attempt to build a ＂context＂ from the perspective of liaison interpreting. This study intends to raise the awareness of court interpreters regarding a number of key issues in sight translation, and the results are hoped to be conducive to the future study of other types of liaison interpreting and interpreting as a whole.
文摘Case study research investigated the launching of an innovative Live Journal, as part of a professional social network, during international conference held in Israel on the subject of teacher training. Research literature notes various publications used to record research and academic materials, but talks less about tools accompanying academic conferences. As far as could be ascertained no online ＂live journal＂ has served the needs of a professional conference. To understand the process and contribution of the Live Journal, qualitative study was chosen, using categorical analysis to interpret materials uploaded by participants on the journal. Additionally, in-depth interviews exposed participants＇ voices and interpretations. The research aimed to identify factors encouraging or hindering the initiative＇s success, patterns of participation, participants＇ characteristics, writing styles and incumbent difficulties and aimed to present a model for optimal operation of the Live Journal. Findings indicate essential components for the journal＇s success include： participants, technology and marketing, noting the importance of each component and their correlation with other components. The journal＇s potential to assist construction of a professional community, and act as an impetus for professional development and familiarity with other professionals in the field indicates the importance of the journal and constitutes the key for success.
文摘In the urban labor market, the rural labor force can choose whether to become self- employed or work for wages depending on their stock of human capital and local labor market conditions. A simple Mincer earnings regression shows that the rate of return to schooling for wage earners is two percentage points higher than that for the self-employed. After correcting for bias in sample selection, the expanded Mincer earnings equation estimated the rate of return to schooling for wage earners at between 5.3 and 6.8 percent. From the standpoint of training, we found that the simplest form of training, short-term training and formal training played an important role in promoting migrant workers’ repeat mobility. However, the simplest form of training did not have a significant effect on earnings,whereas short-term and formal training played an important determining role in this respect. Moreover, rights protection issues such as wage arrears also had an important effect on migrant workers’ repeat mobility. In handling heterogeneity and endogenous educational variables among migrant workers, the authors found that the years of schooling of the parents of migrant workers were not an ideal instrumental variable.
