视唱练耳学科建设中的“还原论”与“反还原论”思考——以《雷·卡法国视唱教程》的理论体系为例

视唱练耳学科体系的建立,长期以来受到自然科学学科中以“还原论”为基础理论的影响,将音乐作为一门科学,依据音乐的要素,如音高、音程、节奏、节拍、和声、旋律、曲式、复调等进行“分解式”的训练,在强化训练各项单独技能之后,以期达到最后理想化的整合。然后,这种模式训练并没有直接指向预期中受训练者的优秀的音乐感知力、理解力和表现力,视唱练耳教材中的经典巨制《雷·卡法国视唱教程》,其中所遵循的音乐文化中特有的整体性、完整性的思维逻辑,以及各音乐要素之间的高度有机整合等,成为视唱练耳学科中“反还原论”的典型例子。事实证明,长期以来占主导地位的“还原论”对于一些人类复杂现象的解释,如社会经济、政治文化、以及艺术,其中包括音乐文化,已经表现出难以前行的病灶,因此,跳出自然科学中“还原论”思维逻辑,遵循音乐文化作为复杂体系范畴的事实,重新审视视唱练耳学科的体系构建,对于该学科的建设,尤其视唱练耳本土化的教学与发展,有着重要的启示作用。

Quantum theory-based physical model of the human body in TCM

In the study,a quantum resonant cavity model based on wave-particle duality was proposed for the explanation of the dynamic processes of essence,vigor,and spirit in the human body in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It is assumed that there is a macro human order parameter(wave function),and its dynamics are governed by a macro potential field reflecting influences from heaven,earth,and society,and satisfy the generalized Schrodinger equation.This proposed model was applied in the study to interpret basic concepts of human body in TCM,with an aim to unfold the TCM development in the future.

The Category of Recens and Pure-Mindedness in J6zefBafika＇s Axiological Reflection

I systematize thoughts within the scope of J6zef Ba6ka＇s philosophical system known as recentivism. I analyze the axiology of recentivism in two categories： recens （i.e., ＂now＂） and pure-mindedness. Also, I differentiate among pure-mindedness, which is a quality of homo euthyphronicus （i.e., pure-minded man）, simplicity, which is a quality of homo simplex （i.e., simple man）, and complexity, which is a quality of homo technicus （i.e., technical man）. Moreover, I present different meanings of pure-mindedness which form the basis for reflection in the axiology of recentivism, i.e., the ethics of pure-mindedness, euthyphronics, and esthetics. Then, I use these meanings of pure-mindedness to define the attitude of homo euthyphronicus. Homo euthyphronicus is a man who seeks balance between simplicity and complexity in the modem world, which is highly complex and full of civilization-related threats, while stressing the importance of axioiogical values.

Scaled down model design of shaking table test of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Bridge is the first kilometer level three-pylon two-span suspension bridge in the world and the structural complexity has significant effects on the seismic performance of the bridge. Shaking table test of Taizhou Bridge is arranged to investigate the effects of non-uniform ground motion input, collision between main and side spans and optimal seismic structural system. It's very important and difficult to design and manufacture the scaled down model of Taizhou Bridge used during the shaking table test. The key point is that the girder and pylons are very hard to be manufactured if the similarity ratio is strictly followed. Based on the finite element method (FEM) analysis, a simplified scaled down model is designed and the bending stiffness of the girder and pylon are strictly simulated, and the torsion stiffness and axial stiffness are not strictly simulated. The inner forces and displacements of critical sections, points of simplified model and theoretical model are compared by FEM analysis, and it's found out that the difference between the seismic responses is relatively small. So, the simplified model can be used to conduct the shaking table test by the FEM verification.

Theoretical study on safety assessment indexes system of coal mines

The safety status of the coal mines is closely correlated with the operating status and its changes of the whole working system in the coal mines, and the safety system is the sub system of the whole production system. In this paper, based on the analysis of the complicacy of the safety sub system and its affecting factors, the theory basis of the indexes system of the safety assessment was studied, including the establishing principles of the indexes system , the structure of the indexes system, the determining methods of the assessment indexes. The complete indexes system was established for the safety assessment of the coal mines in the paper.

Analysis and evaluation of structural complexity of circular economy system＇s industrial chain

This paper examined the method to evaluate structural complexity of circular economy system＇s industrial chain, which applied entropy information and hierarchical metrics to produce complexity degrees according to the theory of complex system. We developed an evaluation model to make a general metrics for circular economy system of industrial chains. The development of the evaluation tree drew upon five factors to identify the structural complexity. The evaluation model generated unitive entropy information from six data definition （node, level of community, metabolic span, degree of node, number of relation and connectivity of node） according to the evaluation tree. The industrial chains of Tashan circular economy park of Datong Coal Mine Group and Gujiao circular economy park of Xishan Coal-Electricity Group were evaluated by the proposed method. The key factors stunted by the decline of structural complexity were identified and the unitive metrics of entropy information of the industrial chain was shown for realigning the circular economy systems.

Cast shadow detection for moving objects based on binocular stereo vision

A novel cast shadow detection approach was proposed.A stereo vision system was used to capture images instead of traditional single camera.It was based on an assumption that cast shadows were on a special plane.The image obtained from one camera was inversely projected to the plane and then transformed to the view from another camera.The points on the plane shared the same position between original image and the transformed image.As a result,the cast shadows can be detected.In order to improve the efficiency of cast shadow detection and decrease computational complexity,the obvious object areas in CIELAB color space were removed and the potential shadow areas were obtained.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can detect cast shadows accurately even under various illuminations.

Application of Artificial Neural Network in Predicting Crop Yield： A Review

Agricultural system is very complex since it deals with large data situation which comes from a number of factors. A lot of techniques and approaches have been used to identify any interactions between factors that affecting yields with the crop performances. The application of neural network to the task of solving non-linear and complex systems is promising. This paper presents a review on the use of artificial neural network （ANN） in predicting crop yield using various crop performance factors. General overview on the application of ANN and the basic concept of neural network architecture are also presented. From the literature, it has been shown that ANN provides better interpretation of crop variability compared to the other methods.

全球性交往、互相依赖和非国家行为体

近几十年来 ,在全球范围和大多数功能领域内 ,国际和跨国交往迅猛发展 ,它们包含的国际和跨国互相依赖空前增长。这个根本性事态的最突出的效应之一 (也是其最突出的成因和动力之一 ) ,就在于非国家行为体急剧增多及其作用显著增大。非国家行为体有较深入的分类方法 ,它们的生成和急剧增多则有广泛和深刻的原因。特别值得分析的是跨国非政府组织在世界政治中的作用 ,而这在很大程度上相当于透视它们的活动机理。大量非国家行为体和所有国家各自在各功能领域的存在和活动 ,连同它们互相间纵横交错、形式繁多的合作、抵触和冲突 ,形成一个远比过去时代更广泛和丰富的世界政治构造 ,即当代全球“复杂聚合体系”。在其中 ,世界政治的基本特征与先前相比 ,有了包括“互相依赖政治”在内的显著变化。

Collective motion of bacteria and their dynamic assembly behavior

In recent years, active matter systems have attracted considerable attentions due to their complex dynamic behaviors in physical and material science. In particular, microorganism systems have served as model systems for observing dynamic assembly and collective motility of active particles and significant progresses have been made on in-depth understanding of how high density bacteria colony behaves in the non-equilibrium state. In this mini-review, we mainly focus on the collective motion of bacteria and their dynamic assembly from four aspects： （1） the general phenomenon and biological mechanism of bacterial collective motion; （2） the common experimental techniques for studying bacterial motility; （3） some active systems on exploring bacterial collective behavior, which include both non-restricted free suspensions and those in relative confined geometric space; （4） the phenomenological and descriptive statistical methods and physical models on the underlying laws that lead to large-scale coordinate patterns in multicellular systems. This review aims to give a general picture of the collective motion in bacterial active matter systems experimentally and theoretically in order to reflect the interplays between individuals among populations in motion. It is expected that the general regulation rules related to the boundary effects in the complex systems and materials can be elucidated to some extent.

OVERVIEW OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS IN SPORT

The complex systems approach offers an opportunity to replace the extant pre-dominant mechanistic view on sport-related phenomena.The emphasis on the environment-system relationship,the applications of complexity principles,and the use of nonlinear dynamics mathematical tools propose a deep change in sport science.Coordination dynamics,ecological dynamics,and network approaches have been successfully applied to the study of different sport-related behaviors,from movement patterns that emerge at different scales constrained by specific sport contexts to game dynamics.Sport benefit from the use of such approaches in the understanding of technical,tactical,or physical conditioning aspects which change their meaning and dilute their frontiers.The creation of new learning and training strategies for teams and individual athletes is a main practical consequence.Some challenges for the future are investigating the influence of key control parameters in the nonlinear behavior of athlete-environment systems and the possible relatedness of the dynamics and constraints acting at different spatio-temporal scales in team sports.Modelling sport-related phenomena can make useful contributions to a better understanding of complex systems and vice-versa.

Promising Future,yet More Efforts Needed

The Research Collaboration Group on multi-scale methodology and complex systems was financed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in recognition of the challenge of multi-scale spatio-temporal structure in the 21^st-century chemical engineering science with the hope of possible breakthrough and new opportunities through better understanding and correlation of phenomena occurring at different scales.