基于问题驱动的小学数学“说理”课堂的研究

通过激发兴趣、规范引导、合作交流等方法让学生在自主探索、合作交流的氛围中,解除困惑,更清楚地明确自己的思想,并和同学进行交流,使学生从“想说”到“多说”、“会说”,从而达到促进思维发展的目的。

低年级学生数学课堂语言表达能力之我见

在小学低年级数学课堂教学中,通过激发兴趣,引导学生“愿说”;多种形式,鼓励学生“多说”;导之以法,培养学生“会说”,一步步培养学生的语言表达能力,让学生更好地参与课堂活动,在数学上得到更好的发展。

Archetypal Themes in Jude the Obscure

In consideration of the great influence of the Bible and the Greek culture on Hardy, and the truth that Jude the Obscure has rarely been studied by employing the archetypal theory, the writer of this thesis tries to explore this novel from archetypal perspective. This thesis focuses on the archetypal themes ＂paradise lost＂ and ＂redemption＂ contained in this novel. Specifically speaking, through the comparison of the characters and the processes of losing paradise between this novel and the Bible, and the deep analysis of the physical and the mental ordeals in Jude, this thesis profoundly uncovers the inhumanity and hypocrisy of the religion and marriage in Victoria.

Charles Dickens： Eye-Witness to Victorian Britain

Charles Dickens rose to fame as a novelist because he described society in early Victorian Britain both accurately and evocatively. That skill came about through his work as a journalist, and his many first-hand experiences of events. He continued throughout his life to report on major incidents and newsworthy items, and was able to use those reports as the factual basis of his novels. His experiences of the railways were especially important, and he made great use of them in his novels such as Dombey and Son. Later expereiences included his own involvement in a railway disaster, at Staplehurst in 1865, a major trauma which led him to include the accident at the end of Our Mutual Friend, and led him to write a timely ghost story, The Signalman. No doubt he would have used more such reports had he lived to fulfill his ambitions.

The Particularity of Identity in Amin Maalouf＇ s Ports of Call

This study explores the intricate situation of the coexistence of different identities in Amin Maalouf＇ s Ports of Call （1996）. It contends that identity is complex, flux, and not limited to what is inherited; it is rather a psychological, political, and social amalgamation. Thus, each individual has a unique and particular identity, which is completely different from the others＇. This study is a theoretical and analytical survey of Maalouf＇s Ports of Call. It aims at proving that this novel is an example that Maalouf provides to show the challenges that characters of different identities face, and the obstacles that hinder them from assimilation. The argument is mainly based on Edward Said＇s theories that have opened up discussions about Otherness and multiculturalism, alongside with other postcolonial critics, such as Homi Bhabha. Maalouf＇s book In the Name of Identity： Violence and the Need to Belong （1996） is also integral to this study. The study concludes that it might be possible for people, in parallel with the characters of the novel, to challenge the identity predicament that the world is witnessing nowadays, and accept diversities as a way of life, rather than a reason for waging wars.

The Narrative Perspectives Manifested in AI-Kharrat＇s Novels

This study deals with two novels of Eduar AI-Kharrat： Rama wal-Tinnin （Rama and the Dragon, 1979） and al-Zaman al-Akhar （The Other Time, 1985）. The text in both novels is of the pluralist, polyphonic and modernistic type and the real and the imaginary are juxtaposed. The narrative imitates at its diverse levels the internal conflict, argument, and uncertainty of the protagonist Michael, who finally finds his self-realization in an imaginary time, ＂the other time＂, which is also the title of one of the novels. The present study focuses on the transformation and alternation of the perspectives and the narrative vision through the destruction of the narrator＇s identity and the text itself, the analysis of the narrative shift between the first and third person, the fragmentation of the self, the ambiguity of the signs, the severity of the crisis, and the psychological conflict at its diverse levels and multiplicities. Toward this plurality and shift, it is necessary to systematically depend upon what the theories of Bakhtin and Genette have to offer in order to cover the narrative levels and multiple voices prevailing in the texts.

Safety research in the gasification process of novel multi-thermal-source coal gasifier

In order to collect the gas safely produced in the gasification process of the novel multi-thermal-source coal gasifier,based on its gasification skill and the characteristics of the products,this paper analyzes the possible dangers in the gasification process,devises the gasifier eruption and explosion experiments,explores the conditions of gasifier eruption and gas explosion,studies their effects on the gasification process and establishes safe operation measures.Gasifier eruption hazard occurs easily in the gasification process of one-thermal-source coal gasifier when MSiO2 is far higher than that in the normal adjuvant.The gas permeability in the gasifier is not the same and the power supply is too large.However,similar conditions in the gasification of multi-thermal-source coal gasifier do not produce a gasifier eruption accident so easily.When it erupts,the gasifier should be stopped and then cooled down naturally or inert gas can be sprayed on the gasifier to cool it off,and thus gas explosion can be avoided.There is a possibility of direct gas explosion,but it can be avoided when the gas in the gas collecting space is replaced slowly by supplying a small amount of power or the inert gas fills the space in the previous gasification.The time a fire is lit is strictly controlled,the gas is drawn in by using the aspirator pump,and the gasifier pressure is kept in the state of micro-positive pressure in the middle and later gasification process.The conclusion is that the gasification process of the novel multi-thermalsource coal gasifier is safe according to normal operation rules.

Supernatural Elements in Kipling＇s ＂The Mark on the Beast＂, Conan Doyle＇s ＂Lot No. 249＂, and Wells＇ ＂The Truth About Peycraft＂： The Gothic Short Story as Voicing and Exorcising Late Victorian Crisis

The aim of this paper is the analysis of the supernatural elements in Kipling＇s ＂The Mark on The Beast＂ （1890） Conan Doyle＇s ＂Lot No. 249＂ （1892）, and Wells＇ ＂The Truth about Peycraft＂ （1903） conceived of as the expression of the revitalisation of the Gothic imagery which, through the short story, serve to voice and exorcise late Victorian crisis, de-Constructing late Victorian identity. First, the complex nature of late Victorian Britain crisis will be deepened. Second, the short story will be focused on as an independent genre from the novel which mostly epitomized Fin de Si6cle literary fantastic discourse. Finally, the short stories will be investigated as textual examples of what Brantlinger （1988） defined as Imperial Gothic, instrumental in voicing and exorcising the pressures of late Victorian crisis

Multidimensional Utopia： Chinese Logic of the Future Imagination of the Three-body Problem

The greatest charm of science fiction is not the artistic imagination, but the scientific imagination.Liu Cixin＇s the Three-body Problem as a Chinese science fiction novel, reflected Chinese writer how to think science and technology and its possible future of mankind＇s imagination. This novel contained ＂Deconstruction＂ Utopia, ＂Transcendence＂ dystopia and ＂Composited＂ Heterotopias, Which fully demonstrated singularity politics＇s great ideological tension between post modernity thinking of in this or that and typical Chinese style doctrine and dialectics.

The ＂Metaphysical Physician＂ in Victorian Fiction： The Moonstone and A Romance of Two Worlds

The Victorian period experienced, among many other paradoxes, an ongoing tension between science and spirituality. Bearing the legacy of the ＂Enlightenment Rationalism＂ and the Cartesian division between ＂matter＂ and ＂mind＂ since the eighteenth century, the Victorian minds had to deal with a contemporary world rapidly unfolding new discoveries in geology, astronomy, biology, and medical sciences. However, these could not completely erase the spiritual belief from the human mind. Rather they sought to reshape their codes in terms of ＂alternative sciences＂ like occultism and metaphysical psychiatry （pre-Freudian）. This paper seeks to explore the characterisation of the ＂metaphysical＂ physician in two novels by Wilkie Collins and Marie Corelli, showing how these figures play a crucial role in negotiating the tensions between science and spiritualism.

Illness in the BrontE Sisters＇ Novels Alcoholism, Madness, and Civilization

Images of illness and disease, for example, cholera, consumption, rabies, rheumatism, fevers, alcoholism, hypochondria, hysteria, monomania, and madness, are present in all the seven novels written by the Bronte sisters during the years of 1847-1853. The lack of cures for most of these diseases which often led to death during the respective period seems to account for such literary representations of poor bodily conditions. The purpose of this paper is, however, to go beyond this handy and obvious explanation regarding illness in the BrontE sisters＇ novels and approach aspects such as： Victorian relationships between women and men, the condition of Victorian women in terms of social and domestic status, positions and roles, and rights and education in a patriarchal age. The novels that shall constitute the support for our analysis are The Tenant of Wildfell Hall （2001） by Anne Bronte, Jane Eyre （2001） by CharIotte Bronte, and Wuthering Heights （1985） by Emily Bronte.

On Maggie＇s Feminist Thoughts in The Mill on the Floss

George Eliot（1819-1880）, is one of the most highly praised novelists in the literary world in the 19th century because of her unique position in English literature. She wrote a large quantity of works of the highest merit and of far-reaching influence. Her attitude towards feminism has aroused wide attention and has been discussed hotly among feminist critics in different countries. The Mill on the Floss, which first appeared in1860, is regarded as the most excellent autobiographical novel of Eliot. The ideology of male power in the patriarchal society during the Victorian Era is internalized in people＇s heart, which brings huge influence on Maggie＇s female mental state. This paper aims to discuss the causes of Maggie＇s feminist thoughts and manifestation of her feminism, thus, the influence upon women in her times. The paper concludes that Eliot was a great female author full of pioneering feminist thought from the example given by Maggie in The Mill on the Floss.

The Dialectic of Borders and Multiculturalism in Naomi Nye＇s Habibi

This paper investigates how the Arab-American writer Naomi Nye addresses the dialectic between borders and multiculturalism in her award-winning young adult novel Habibi （1997）. Critiquing the essentialist view that presumes fixed boundaries for a culture, Nye promotes the alternative view that assumes individuals＇ power of defining and redefining their cultural identities in a multicultural society. The author argues that Nye＇s position is that borders/boundaries and geographical demarcations are flimsy, arbitrary and create divisions, animosities and hatred between people and nations whereas multiculturalism engenders feelings of reconciliation, friendship, and understanding. Though borders and boundaries can be divisive, cultural variety and hybridity can be inclusive. To counteract the argument of borders/boundaries, Nye posits the argument of multiculturalism. In this paper, the author intends to examine the assumptions of the physical and the cultural borders rhetoric in comparison with the multicultural approach narrative. It is the dialectic of these two opposing forces that shapes the events and the final outcome of the action and events of this novel

Fusing the Postmodern and the Gothic to Rebirth Buried Child as the New Frankenstein

A multi-genre and interdisciplinary analysis that compares Sam Shepard＇s classic, Buried Child （1978）, to Mary Shelley＇s Gothic thriller, Frankenstein （2004）. This paper, using a comparative analysis of the texts （a play versus a novel）, argues that Shepard follows Shelley＇s theme and characters in order to frame and create his own even-more modern ＂Prometheus＂, a premise that Shelley borrows to center her novel and to establish the antagonistic origins of her monster-man. Shepard＇s splintered individuals all share a postmodern disillusionment, and as Shelley＇s novel establishes, it is a conflict brought on by an absent or emotionally-removed mother and a brutal father who denies or disavows the ＂child＂ he considers an abomination. Other themes that Shelley and Shepard＇s works have in common include infanticide, incest, a life built on lies, patricide, and an unnatural relationship with Nature.

Anthropogenic Earth-Change： We Are on a Slippery Slope, Breaking New Ground and It＇s Our Fault---A Multi-disciplinary Review and New Unified Earth-System Hypothesis

Human activity could be changing the Earth＇s foundations themselves, as we affect multiple systems interacting in feedback mechanisms changing the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and even the lithosphere （solid surface） and asthenosphere （deformable semi-molten rock layer beneath）. Anthropogenic movement of ice, water and sediment alters viscosity and movement of the asthenosphere; this induces earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanism and rifting, and may induce plate-tectonic-change. These processes may account for the timing of unexplained contemporary Icelandic, New Zealand, Chilean, Japanese and Indonesian seismicity, volcanism and magma movement. Climate-change and sea-level rise are creating： slip-planes from differential water pore-pressures and/or weakening of previous fault-planes; sediment-change and altered hydrology and reservoir-mass, inducing isostasy and further change in pore-pressure. Loss of plant biomass and diversity alter hydrology, precipitation and transpiration, causing isostasy and further sediment- and climate-change. Increased ocean-mass, temperatures and acidity, reduced oceanic oxygenation, and increased transport of （organic） sediments elevate the production and destabilisation of gas-hydrates, causing slumps and tsunamis. Isostasy and altered viscosity of the asthenosphere increase seismicity, slope and faulting, which are the prime triggers for slumping and tsunamis. Altered asthenosphere flows hasten subduction and rifting landward of subduction, enhancing volcanism. All of these processes predominantly coincide, temporally and spatially, in the coasts and continental margins, and the Pacific ring-of-fire, although response times and extents may vary from immediate to multi-millennial scales and from negligible to catastrophic. Contemporary Icelandic seismic and volcanic activity is explained by depleted magma reserves on the north-western side of the mid-ocean ridge as asthenosphere moves from the constructive boundary under deglaciating and rising Greenland.

Clinical Observation on Acupuncture Intervention for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective： To observe the effect of acupuncture for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. Methods： A total of 36 cases were recruited in this study. Before treatment, a Chinese medical constitution survey was conducted on these children. Based on the survey findings, the children were divided in different groups for acupuncture intervention. Additionally, the heart rate variability and attention were detected respectively before treatment, in the 12th and 24th week after treatment. Results： ADHD kids commonly manifest as a body constitution of yang predominance and heat exuberance. The kids＇ Body Mass Indexes （BMI） are moderately correlated with attention deficit disorder （ADD）. After the treatment of 24 weeks, the ADHD scores were reduced from （10.94±1.98） to （8.56±2.48）, showing a statistical significance （P〈0.05）; in addition, the low frequency/high frequency （LF/HF） and normalized low frequency （nLF） between the two groups were also statistically different （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Most ADHD kids present with a body constitution of yang predominance and heat exuberance. A well-controlled BMI is helpful for ADHD treatment. Acupuncture can be a supplementary therapy to improve the ADHD symptoms.

The Possibility of the Recommencement of Philosophy in Chinese Thought

In modem Chinese thought, ＂philosophy＂ and the whole disciplinary system rooted in it have had a far-reaching influence on the Chinese understanding and interpretation of their own tradition. If we are to avoid a na＇fve and simplistic final interpretation of traditional thought, the most prudent and reliable way to go about it is to ponder the whole framework and realm on which this understanding is based before we proceed to understand tradition. Before the inevitable problematization of ＂Chinese thought,＂ we should try to problematize ＂philosophy.＂ This demands that we find, in the constant rise and fall of philosophical trends, the view of philosophy by which Chinese thought is generally judged, and make it the object of questioning. Mou Zongsan＇s attempt to reinterpret classical Chinese thought, based directly on Aristotle＇s theory of the four causes, cannot be viewed as a success. The so-called first beginning of philosophy means establishing, led by the question of being---ontology, a system in which cheng （completion） is prior to and identical with sheng （generation）. Now that Chinese thought has encountered Heidegger and thus rediscovered Aristotle and the whole of classical Western thought, the time is ripe for us to reexamine and assess the beginning of philosophy in terms of the complete and original experience whence Chinese thought arose.

Multicopy quantum state discrimination

In this paper, we study the problem of multicopy quantum two-state discrimination. By exploring the quantum hypothesis testing, i.e., the probabilisfic quantum cloning, we derive the upper bounds of the minimal error discrimination （MED） and the optimal unambiguous discrimination （OUD）, which coincides with the Helstrom theorem and the JS limit. Furthermore, when prior probabilities are unknown, we derive the minimax MED and the minimax OUD. Based on the optimal NM probabilistic quantum cloning, we present the optimal strategies of collective measurements of the MED and the OUD. When the number of the copies is infinite, regardless of whether prior probabilities are known or not, the success probabilities of the MED and the OUD go to 100%, in accordance with the quantum measurement hypothesis that unknown quantum state can be determined if and only if infinite identical quantum state copies are given.

Plant diversity promotes soil fungal pathogen richness under fertilization in an alpine meadow

Aims The effects of fertilization on fungal plant pathogens in agricultural soils have been studied extensively.However,we know little about how fertilization affects the relative abundance and richness of soil fungal plant pathogens in natural ecosystems,either through altering the soil properties or plant community composition.Methods Here,we used data from a 7-year nitrogen(N)addition experiment in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to test how N addition affects the relative abundance and richness of soil fungal plant pathogens,as determined using Miseq sequencing of ITS1 gene biomarkers.We also evaluated the relative importance of changes in soil properties versus plant species diversity under N addition.Important Findings Using general linear model selection and a piecewise structural equation model,we found that N addition increased the relative abundance of soil fungal plant pathogens by significantly altering soil properties.However,higher host plant species richness led to higher soil fungal plant pathogen richness,even after excluding the effects of N addition.We conclude that the relative abundance and richness of soil fungal plant pathogens are regulated by different mechanisms in the alpine meadow.Continuous worldwide N inputs(through both fertilizer use and nitrogen deposition)not only cause species losses via altered plant species interactions,but also produce changes in soil properties that result in more abundant soil fungal plant pathogens.This increase in pathogen relative abundance may seriously threaten ecosystem health,thus interrupting important ecosystem functions and services.