国家电影:滇川藏“大三角”地区流动电影之田野研究

"国家电影"指的是国家意志在电影创作、生产、发行、放映及观影等相关实践中的渗透。其含义体现在国家对电影的生产与发行、国家对电影的话语改造、放映网的建立及观影等几个不同的维度中。同时,滇川藏"大三角"地区和流动电影又是"国家电影"这个概念的意义边界。60多年来,地方与国家正是通过流动电影开展相应的互构实践。

实施中部“大三角”战略,促进中部大崛起

实施中部“大三角”战略,促进中部大崛起既有必要也有可能。必须尽早进行政府层面的规划和合作;加强企业层面的经济合作和经济往来;拓宽“大三角”合作通道;加快中部经济“大三角”次级经济圈的建设,发展壮大郑州、武汉、合肥、长沙、南昌等中心城市经济圈或城市圈。

“作”与“做”的“两个三角”分析

本文运用“两个三角”理论,从大三角“古———普———方”与小三角“语表———语里———语值”来分析“作”与“做”的异同,试图理清这两个字的关系。

十二大前后中美苏“大三角”中的邓小平

1977年第三次复出之后,邓小平认真分析中美苏"大三角"战略态势的变化,科学评估中国在"大三角"中的战略地位和作用,抓住美苏矛盾这个冷战期间国际政治的主要矛盾,依据两国攻守形势及其各自对华政策的演变,适时调整了中国的对外政策特别是对美、对苏政策,实现中美建交和中苏关系正常化,进而对有关时代主题的一系列重大问题作出了新的科学判断,进一步丰富和发展了独立自主的和平外交政策,开创了中国外交的新局面。

现代汉语“有VP”结构探讨

现代汉语常有"有VP"的表达方式,文章试图通过粗略介绍"有"的句法功能及含义,让人们对其有所了解;另外着重运用"大三角"动态分析法从两方面:以古证今,以方证普,证明"有VP"这种结构的可行性。

Articulating China's Science and Technology:Knowledge Collaboration Networks Within and Beyond the Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis in China

In this paper, we reconsider the defining but often overlooked ‘hinge' function of megalopolises by analyzing how megalopolises have articulated national and international urban systems in the context of a globalizing knowledge economy. Taking the case of China's Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region, we particularly focus on knowledge circulation within and beyond the YRD region by analyzing the pattern and process of knowledge collaboration at different geographical scales during the 2004–2014 period. Results show that the structure of scientific knowledge collaboration as reflected by co-publications has been strongest at the national scale whereas that of technological knowledge collaboration as measured by co-patents has been strongest at the global scale. Despite this difference, the structure of both scientific and technological knowledge collaboration has been functionally polycentric at the megalopolitan scale but become less so at the national and global scales. The ‘globally connected but locally disconnected' pattern of Shanghai's external knowledge collaboration suggests that the gateway role of the YRD megalopolis in promoting knowledge collaboration at different geographical scales will take time before it is fully realized.

Three Gorges Dam Controls Sediment Coarsening of the Mud Patch on the Inner East China Sea Shelf

The well-known Three Gorges Dam(TGD) within the Yangtze catchment launched its operation in 2003. The effect of the TGD operation on the sediment size on the East China Sea shelf is rarely known. High resolution(0.5 cm sampling) grain size analysis and 137 Cs and 210 Pb dating of the DH8-1 core were conducted with core collected from the distal part of a main sink for the modern Yangtze sediment entering the sea, the Min-Zhe Coastal Mud Deposits(MZCMD) on the inner East China Sea shelf. The 137 Cs dating results show that the core DH8-1 formed during 1946–2012 with a mean deposition rate of 0.65 cm yr^(-1), indicating that the 0.5 cm sampling for grain size analysis in this local area could reflect environmental changes generally on a one-year time scale. The mean grain size of DH8-1 core sediment that deposited after 2003 is significantly larger than that deposited during 1988–2002. After ruling out other possible factors, we infer that the sediment coarsening of DH8-1 core after 2003 is attributed to the TGD operation which causes the erosion of the Yangtze subaqueous delta. Specifically, the TGD operation significantly intensifies the declining trend of the Yangtze sediment loads to the sea despite no decreased water discharge, which results in extensive erosion of the Yangtze subaqueous delta. The relatively coarse sediment of the subaqueous delta is eroded and resuspended by ocean dynamics and then transported by coastal current, finally depositing on the MZCMD area. In addition, the general sediment fining of core DH8-1 that deposited during 1988–2002, comparing with 1946–1987, is mainly caused by dam construction and soil and water conservation within the Yangtze catchment. Our findings are helpful for better understanding the effects of such a huge dam as the TGD on a sediment sink like the MZCMD of such a large river as the Yangtze River.

Yield Response to Deficit Irrigation and Partial Root-Zone Drying in Processing Tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill,）

Due to the global expansion of irrigated areas and the limited availability of irrigation water, it is necessary to optimize water use in order to maximize crop yields under water deficit conditions. To evaluate the yield response of two processing tomato hybrids （Ercole and Genius） grown under different irrigation treatments, a field trial was conducted during the 2008 growing season in Southern Italy. Three irrigation treatments were used： the restitution of 70% of maximum evapotranspiration （ETc） both under ＂Deficit Irrigation＂ （70DI） and ＂Partial Root-zone Drying＂ （70PRD） strategies; full irrigated （FI： 100% ETc）. The two water deficit irrigation treatments （DI and PRD） showed stomatal conductance values lower than FI treatment and saved a substantial amount of water maintaining reasonable marketable yield. Moreover, PRD strategy showed slightly higher ＂Water Use Efficiency＂ （WUE） values than DI. Finally, ＂yield response factor＂ （Ky） showed always values less than unity, indicating the possibility to adopt, within certain limited condition, both DI and PRD in field-grown processing tomato cultivated in Southern Italy. In conclusion, in our experimental conditions, deficit irrigation practices seem to be acceptable relatively to processing tomato yield aspects and Ky could be promoted as a useful indicator for irrigation in water deficit conditions.

Late Quaternary Strata and Carbon Burial Records in the Yellow River Delta, China

Sediment carbon sequestration plays an essential role in mitigating atmospheric CO2 increases and the subsequently global greenhouse effect. To clarify the late Quaternary strata and carbon burial records in YeUow River delta （YRD）, detailed analysis of benthic foraminifera, total carbon （TC）, organic carbon （Corg）, sedimentary characteristics and moisture contents of sediments, was performed on core ZK3, 30.3 m in length and obtained from YRD in 2007. Eight depositional units （designated U1-U8 in ascending order） were identified. A comprehensive analysis method of historical geography and sedimentary geology was used to de- termine the precise depositional ages of the modem Yellow River delta （MYRD）, from which pre-MYRD ages were deduced. The results indicates that the maximum burial rates of TC, inorganic carbon （IC） and Corg occurred in the delta front （U5）, and the mini- mum in the shallow sea （U3）. Remarkable high sedimentation rates in the MYRD are responsible for burial efficiency of carbon, with an average rate of Corg burial reaching 2087±251 g（m2yr）-1, and that of IC reaching 13741±808g（m2yr）-1, which are much higher than those of other regions with high contents of Corg. Therefore, YRD has a significant burial efficiency for carbon sequestration.

Trends of Tropospheric Ozone over China Based on Satellite Data(1979-2005)

Long-term trends of yearly and seasonal averages of tropospheric ozone over the whole country and some important regions of China during 1979-2005 are analyzed,based on tropospheric ozone residue(TOR) data retrieved from satellite measurements.The relationship between the TOR and Southern Oscillation Index(SOI) is studied.The results show that,over the whole country,there is a slight increase of TOR in summer and a decrease in other seasons,while the overall trend for the whole period is insignificant.There are decreasing trends of TOR over the Pearl River Delta and the Sichuan Basin.Significant increasing trends of TOR are found over the North China Plain(NCP) for all seasons except for winter,with a maximum rate of 1.10 DU per decade for summer.There are significant correlations between TOR and SOI for some regions in China but not for the NCP,suggesting that the observed increasing trend of TOR over the NCP may not be linked with changes in atmospheric circulations.

论中俄美新三角关系

中俄美新三角关系是客观现实,它在性质、结构、内容、功能、影响力等方面都与历史上的中美苏"大三角"有所不同。中俄美关系没有已确定的变化轨道,现阶段它的前景仍具有开放性。中俄美新三角的变化有多个变量,它们可分为背景性变量和直接变量两大类。中俄美三角的变化不是机械的、孤立的、线性的,而是取决于多个变量的相互作用。中俄美三角在理论上存在多个可能的模式,模式的确定不仅是主观的选择,在更大程度上取决于形势和现实需要。联盟具有工具属性,理论上没必要把它从外交工具库中完全排除。在中俄美关系中,中俄结伴不结盟是黄金模式,联盟只能是迫不得已的形势下的选择。中俄结盟即意味着美国已是公开的敌人,虽然通过联盟可以减轻它的威胁,但一个大国成为敌人本身就构成巨大战略压力。对中国来讲,防止出现敌人尤其是不使伙伴变成敌人是更大的战略成功,能与其他两国都保持更好关系则是更高外交境界。虽然中俄结盟的可能性很小,但如果中美和俄美关系持续恶化,形势有可能把中俄推向某种亚联盟状态。中国拒绝冷战思维和"零和游戏",但可以合理、有效、建设性地运用中俄美三角结构。

Mughal Forts in Delta： An Essay on Fort Planning on the Rivers of Bengal

＂Huge intelligent structure＂ was built by the Mughal Heroes in this Subcontinent. It was the process to prevent and to secure a city as well as the territory from any kind of disruption and disintegration through the fortified walled profile. The strategies, approach, and positioning of those forts were governed by the contextual specification. All different forts of Mughals Empire had unusual notion of accomplishment. Fort architecture in the subcontinent was initially developed by the Mughals to protect the territory from the enemy. Later, those forts became huge and complex. The planning approach and the morphology of the fort architecture were justified according to the relative factor. The Mughal Fort is a Medieval-era building. The Mughal Fort improves the city＇s defensive strength and provides some culture at every turn, Building Walls is a prerequisite to settle the Mughal Fort. The Mughals were concern about environment. Mughals ruled most of the subcontinent until the mid-19th. During their rule they constructed elaborate forts across the countryside which served as administrative centers and living quarters for the occupiers. Bengal became a province of the Mughal Empire and was ruled from Delhi by the governors of Bengal （1576）.a Bengali river fort experienced lots of local and traditional influences only lbr being the river fort, stating from the component, elements of tbrts, and formal profile as well. Undoubtedly, Bengal conceived a different kind of river oriented fort, which has distinct characters. Even in the case of this fort formation, the Mughal had some strategic planning and morphology for spread city beyond the fort wall. The objective of the research is solely to identify distinguished characteristics and context specification and to analyze the morphology of the four-river fort architecture of East Bengal （Bangladesh）.

俄美战略调整及其影响

近年来俄美关系升温 ,两国都调整了战略。美国调整了全球战略和亚太战略关注点。俄罗斯因急于摆脱经济困境而被迫实施战略收缩 ,甚至不惜通过让步来取悦西方。俄美战略调整对美中俄“大三角”关系、亚太格局和中国西部安全形势将产生广泛而深远的影响。

MR image denoising method for brain surface 3D modeling

Three-dimensional(3D) modeling of medical images is a critical part of surgical simulation. In this paper, we focus on the magnetic resonance(MR) images denoising for brain modeling reconstruction, and exploit a practical solution. We attempt to remove the noise existing in the MR imaging signal and preserve the image characteristics. A wavelet-based adaptive curve shrinkage function is presented in spherical coordinates system. The comparative experiments show that the denoising method can preserve better image details and enhance the coefficients of contours. Using these denoised images, the brain 3D visualization is given through surface triangle mesh model, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

On the geo-basis of river regulation in the lower reaches of the Yellow River

This paper investigates the important scientific problem of river regulation strategies in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and discusses the "geo-basis" of river regulation. The concept of a geo-basis to river regulation in the lower Yellow River was discussed in terms of subsidence and sedimentation features of the fiver plain; channel features, erosion characteristics of the Loess Plateau and storm-flood features of the middle and lower reaches. The geographic features of the lower Yellow River have gradually changed since the Holocene but there has been no fundamental change. Based on an analysis of the geo-attributes of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, several conclusions on its river regulation were made. The release of sediment should be the first measure of river regulation because of deposition in the lower reaches. The fiver channels should be provided with adequate space for wandering in the lower reaches. The tail river should be also provided with necessary wandering space because of weak marine dynamics in the estuary area and changes in the delta. Because the erosion environ- ment of the Loess Plateau will not fundamentally change, river harnessing of the middle reaches should focus on improving the plateau morphology, which can be done by reducing the fragmentation of terrain and building a planation surface. Eco- remediation should focus on converting farmland to grassland. There may be extreme floods in the future, as has occurred pre- viously, thus an extreme flood defense system should be considered for the lower reaches. A periodic law for regulation in the Yellow River is discussed. We also discuss how the current use of the lower reaches of the Yellow River is unsustainable and it is urgent to research artificial rechanneling and the creation of new flow paths for the lower reaches.

Effect of atmospheric aerosol on surface ozone variation over the Pearl River Delta region

Our analysis of the surface aerosol and ultraviolet （UV） measurements in Pearl River Delta （PRD） region shows that the surface UV radiation is reduced by more than 50% due to high aerosol concentrations. This has important impacts on urban ecosystem and photochemistry, especially on ozone photochemical production over the region. The quantitative effect of aerosols on surface ozone is evaluated by analyzing surface observations （including ozone, ultraviolet radiation, aerosol radiative parameters） and by using radiative and chemical models. A case study shows that the aerosol concentrations and UV radiation are significantly correlated with ozone concentrations. The correlation coefficient between the aerosol optical depth （AOD） and the PM10 mass concentration is very high, with a maximum of 0.98, and the AOD and UV radiation/ozone is anti- correlated, with a correlation coefficient of-0.90. The analysis suggests that ozone productivity is significantly decreased due to the reduction of UV radiation. The noon-time ozone maximum is considerably depressed when AOD is 0.6, and is further decreased when AOD is up to 1.2 due to the reduction of ozone photochemical productivity. Because the occurring probability of aerosol optical depth for AOD550m≥0.6 and AOD340mm ≥1.0 is 47, and 55% respectively during the dry season （October, November, December, January）, this heavy aerosol condition explains the low ozone maximum that often occurs in the dry season over the Guangzhou region. The analysis also suggests that the value of single scattering albedo （SSA） is very sensitive to the aerosol radiative effect when the radiative and chemical models are applied, implying that the value of SSA needs to be carefully studied when the models are used in calculating ozone production.

Novel method for hybrid multiple attribute decision making based on TODIM method

The TODIM(an acronym in Portuguese for interactive and multiple attribute decision making) method is a valuable tool to solve the multiple attribute decision making(MADM) problems considering the behavior of the decision maker(DM), while it cannot be used to handle the problem with unknown weight information on attributes. In this paper, a novel method based on the classical TODIM method is proposed to solve the hybrid MADM problems with unknown weight information on attributes,in which attribute values are represented in four different formats:crisp numbers, interval numbers, triangular fuzzy numbers and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Firstly, the positive-ideal alternative and negative-ideal alternative are determined, and the gain and loss matrices are constructed by calculating the gain and loss of each alternative relatived to the ideal alternatives concerning each attribute based on different distance calculation formulas, which may avoid the information missing or information distortion in the process of unifying multiform attribute values into a certain representation form. Secondly, an optimization model based on the maximizing deviation(MD) method, by which the attribute weights can be determined, is established for the TODIM method. Further, the calculation steps to solve the hybrid MADM problems are given. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method, and the results show that the DM's psychological behavior, attribute weights and the transformed information would highly affect the ranking orders of alternatives.

A Brief Introduction to a Major Project——The Physical-Chemical Processes in the Lower Atmosphere and Their Interaction with the Ecological System over the Yangtze Delta

With rapid industrialization and agricultural modernization in the past two decades, the Yangtze Delta Region in China has been one of the regions in the world most influenced by human activity. How has the economic development impacted on ecosystem, environment, agriculture and regional climate in this region ？ What are the mechanisms of the interactive processes and feedbacks？ What will be the future changes under different development scenarlos？ These are questions of critical importance to sustain the rate of social and economic development. A Major Project, The Physical-Chemical Processes in the Lower Atmosphere and Their Interaction with the Ecological System over Yangtze Delta, as one of the Ninth Five-Year Major Programs （1996-2000） funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, just focused on those questions. Under the leadership of Prof. Zhou Xiuji, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences this project has made significant achievements and great progress in answering the above questions.