The purpose of the present research was to investigate the predictors to Chinese college students seeking psychological help from professionals. By surveying 1,408 Chinese college students at five universities in Chin...The purpose of the present research was to investigate the predictors to Chinese college students seeking psychological help from professionals. By surveying 1,408 Chinese college students at five universities in China's Mainland, the results showed that among the factors examined, problem severity and help-seeking attitudes directly predicted help-seeking intention, while gender and subjective norms had a significant effect on college students' professional psychological help-seeking intention through help-seeking attitudes. Overall, the model explained 25% and 38.0% (for half-1 and half-2 data sets, respectively) of the variances of help-seeking intention. The results indicated that mainland Chinese college students rationally knew that they should choose to seek such professional help when the problem got severer enough, although they were emotionally reluctant to seek professional psychological help due to negative subjective norms around them. The implications and limitations were discussed.展开更多
Objectives:As Watson's Human Caring Theory continues to evolve and guide the discipline of nursing,the challenge is to find ways to integrate it into practice.The purpose of this study is to describe interprofessi...Objectives:As Watson's Human Caring Theory continues to evolve and guide the discipline of nursing,the challenge is to find ways to integrate it into practice.The purpose of this study is to describe interprofessional team members'perspectives on human caring based on the Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy of Watson's Human Caring Theory within the Unitary Caring Science.Methods:This is a qualitative directed content analysis study,taking place in a Children's Hospital in the United States between November 2017 and April 2018.Information redundancy was utilized to guide the recruitment.Data were collected via a one-time face-to-face individual interview.A qualitative directed content analysis was conducted using Watson's Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy as a coding framework.Results:Twenty-seven healthcare professionals participated in the study.Interprofessional human caring,based on the Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy,was referred to as performing lovingkindness to patients,each other,and self;maintaining faith-hope in teamwork;valuing intersubjective interactions and building trust among team members;cultivating heart-centered-caring relations;acknowledging and processing positive and negative feelings non-judgmentally;applying all ways of knowing in caring;encouraging reciprocal teaching-learning;developing caring-healing environments collaboratively;respecting human dignity of patients and each other;and being open-minded to the unknowns and believing in miracles.Conclusions:Watson's Human Caring Theory can be an underlying guide to enrich human-to-human relations and create a caring-healing environment.When human caring is applied in interprofessional teams,healthcare professionals find a caring consciousness to care for oneself and each other and promote patient care.展开更多
Competition and regulation are indispensable entities for a university's improved performance. Using university rating as an index to performance, empirical analyses with the data from 145 public universities and col...Competition and regulation are indispensable entities for a university's improved performance. Using university rating as an index to performance, empirical analyses with the data from 145 public universities and colleges in China show that increased competition in the education service market is associated with higher university's (college's) performance. And increased competition in R&D may make a quadratic effect on university's (college's) performance. University's performance improves when a university is directed as a branch of the central government because they enjoy some degree of management flexibility more than the local government controlled ones. A major implication of the study is the need to reform competition and regulation for improving universities and colleges' operating performance in China.展开更多
Background: Regular physical activity(PA) has documented effects in prevention and treatment of many non-communicable diseases(NCDs).Physical inactivity is recognized as the fourth leading risk factor for premature de...Background: Regular physical activity(PA) has documented effects in prevention and treatment of many non-communicable diseases(NCDs).Physical inactivity is recognized as the fourth leading risk factor for premature death, worldwide. Despite these facts, physical inactivity is increasing,not only in high-income, but also in middle-and low-income countries. To address this negative trend, evidence-based methods to increase PA are needed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation and assessment of 4 strategies designed to increase PA in Vietnam.Methods: Four strategies were used: i) introduction and evaluation of an education and training program on the Swedish method of Physical Activity on Prescription(PAP) among health care professionals, ii) translation of the PAP evidence-based handbook, Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease(called FYSS in Swedish) into Vietnamese, iii) launch of a mass-media campaign to promote PA, and iv)advocacy to support development of PA guidelines in Vietnam.Results: The evaluation indicated that the participating health care professionals had a positive attitude to PAP. However, they also reported uncertainty in prescribing PA. FYSS was translated and disseminated successfully to health care professionals. A mass-media campaign identified the beneficial effects of PA to health care professionals, journalists, policy makers, and the public. Last, the process of developing national guidelines on PA was initiated.Conclusion: This project led to enhanced awareness and appreciation of PA in the prevention and treatment of NCDs among health care professionals as well as initiation of national PA guidelines. Important lessons also were learned in the presentation of PAP, which will be considered when designing similar projects in the future.展开更多
This paper is an exploratory study which investigates the introduction and implementation of management accounting changes in Australia. The study first examines the introduction of relatively new management accountin...This paper is an exploratory study which investigates the introduction and implementation of management accounting changes in Australia. The study first examines the introduction of relatively new management accounting techniques in professional journals, conferences, workshops, and professional development programs over a four-year period in Australia. These are among the main sources of transferring information on cost and management accounting changes to potential users in Australia. The purpose of such a study is to get a clear picture of the scope and extent of recently developed cost and management accounting techniques introduced to practitioners in Australia. By identifying the major management accounting changes and developments faced by organizations, the study then investigates the extent of implementations of such changes in practice. The study further explores the hindering and facilitating factors contributing to the implementation of new management accounting changes in organizations.展开更多
The main goal of the paper is to interpret the concept of organizational change in the perspective of critical management studies, by analyzing both the discourses and the control practices used by management. We aim ...The main goal of the paper is to interpret the concept of organizational change in the perspective of critical management studies, by analyzing both the discourses and the control practices used by management. We aim at denaturalize the concept of change related to transition from a bureaucratic model to a professional (post-bureaucratic) model of the call centers organizational design, showing how these discourses and practices reproduce control systems. For this purpose, two cases study of call center outsourced industry are presented. On one hand, we emphasize the bureaucratic nature of call center A associated with standardization of processes and products and where work is highly controlled and routinised. On the other hand, we observe a different image of call center: call center B can be described as a place where work is customized, workers are considered key resources with higher competences and skills that are able to give customers unique solutions and to give answer to complex questions. We suggest that these "new practices" and "new organizational approaches" are merely illusions of change. We argue that in professional model (call center B), control institutionalized through technology is strengthened and deepened by the use of post-bureaucratic control in shaping organizational behaviors, reproducing a Panopticon structure both in terms of electronic surveillance and in terms of behavioral (self) regulation and discipline展开更多
This research is designed to investigate interlanguage fossilization in Chinese college students' written output. Twelve common linguistic errors from 20 Chinese EFL (English as a foreign language) learners' writi...This research is designed to investigate interlanguage fossilization in Chinese college students' written output. Twelve common linguistic errors from 20 Chinese EFL (English as a foreign language) learners' writing assignments are observed. Results show that among 12 typical errors, five types of errors are declining while the rest are increasing, indicating a tendency towards fossilization. Analysis shows that negative/corrective feedback has played a key role in reducing fossilization of some errors, but it does not work in every case. Some errors tend to be fossilized for several reasons. First, language items that do not have a direct form-function relationship are likely to be fossilized. Second, advanced learners create their own language system and neglect the basic rules of grammar. Third, task difficulty takes learners' attention away from form to meaning. Fourth, ingrained thinking patterns have a great impact on how learners organize their thoughts in writing. It is true that many Chinese EFL advanced learners reach a plateau in the process of acquiring English. However, attention, consciousness, and training of self-monitoring ability will help destabilize their interlanguage system.展开更多
Large classes usually present special challenges in terms of language teaching and learning. This paper reports on a study which dealt with teaching English to a large group of non-English majors in a traditional cont...Large classes usually present special challenges in terms of language teaching and learning. This paper reports on a study which dealt with teaching English to a large group of non-English majors in a traditional context at Xinjiang Normal University, China. An eclectic teaching mode was designed and a questionnaire was conducted together with three tests. The results show that the disadvantages of a large class can be minimized to some degree.展开更多
Both empirical research findings and teaching experiences show that most non-English major undergraduates who are poorly aware of the cognitive psychological aspect of listening usually pay far greater attention to th...Both empirical research findings and teaching experiences show that most non-English major undergraduates who are poorly aware of the cognitive psychological aspect of listening usually pay far greater attention to their improvement of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, etc. only in listening class. That might be part of the reason, and the author will discuss the application of information-processing model theory, schema theory in particular from the angle of cognitive psychology in listening comprehension course, hoping to remove barriers in the listening procedure to achieve better progress for students in listening ability.展开更多
In recent years, China's employment problem of the college graduates has become a hot topic in the communities. Each year there are a large number of the graduating students, but few can find the job suitable for the...In recent years, China's employment problem of the college graduates has become a hot topic in the communities. Each year there are a large number of the graduating students, but few can find the job suitable for their own professional direction in colleges and universities. The employment problems have plagued the university graduates, and also have brought the unnecessary trouble to some students in the colleges. The college students have just entered the society, and they do not understand a lot of the social status very well, and have very little experience in the employment. In order to reduce the pressure of the employment of the university students, and help the graduate students bettor get employed, also to make the college students have a better planning for their future, in this paper, the author carried out the investigation and analysis of the job-hunting intentions and the employment orientations of the students majored in nursing, hoping to hclp the employment of the college students in some aspects, and do a good job in the planning of their career.展开更多
Objectives:To describe the professional quality of life and explore its associated factors among nurses coming from other areas of China to assist with the anti-epidemic fight inWuhan and especially examine whether th...Objectives:To describe the professional quality of life and explore its associated factors among nurses coming from other areas of China to assist with the anti-epidemic fight inWuhan and especially examine whether the hospital ethical climate was independently associated with nurses’professional quality of life.Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from March 2020 to April 2020.The nurses working in Wuhan from the other parts of China were the target population.The Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5,the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey,and a basic information sheet were used to collect data.Descriptive statistics,t-test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation,and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:In total,236 nurses participated in this study,and 219 valid questionnaires were analyzed.The average age of the participants was 31.2±5.0 years.Most nurses were female(176/219;80.4%)and married(145/219;66.2%).In term of professional quality of life,nurses reported moderate(129/219;58.9%)to high(90/219;41.1%)levels of compassion satisfaction,low(119/219;54.3%)to moderate(100/219;45.7%)levels of burnout,and low(67/219;36.0%)to high(10/219;4.6%)levels of secondary traumatic stress.Regarding hospital ethical climate,nurses reported moderately high hospital ethical climates with an average score of 4.46.After controlling for socio-demographic characteristics,the multiple linear regression models showed that the hospital ethical climate subscale of“relationship with physicians”was independently associated with the compassion satisfaction(b=0.533,P<0.01)and burnout(b=0.237,P<0.05);the hospital ethical climate subscale of“relationship with peers”(b=0.191,P<0.01)was independently associated with the secondary traumatic stress.Conclusions:During the early stage of the pandemic,nurses demonstrated moderate to high level of compassion satisfaction,low to moderate level of burnout,and all nurses experienced secondary traumatic stress.Nurses perceived a high level of hospital ethical climate,and the perceived hospital ethical climate played an important role in promoting nurses’professional quality of life during a lifethreatening infectious disease pandemic.展开更多
Personality characteristics of each people are unique. It seems that these features of personality have an impact on emotional intelligence and ability to interact with people in a social environment. This study was c...Personality characteristics of each people are unique. It seems that these features of personality have an impact on emotional intelligence and ability to interact with people in a social environment. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and personality types of nursing students. The research was descriptive and correlative. The study population consisted of Ardebil University of senior nursing candidates in 2011-2012. The study sample included 125 people. Assessment tools were the Bar-on Emotional Intelligence Inventory and MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) personality type questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 (T-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple regression with significant level P〈0 .05). Pearson correlation coefficients showed there is a significant inverse between variables extroversion-introversion and emotional intelligence with level of .01 (r=-522). Therefore, personality characteristics impact on emotional intelligence of students. Thus, more research of emotional intelligence and personality characteristics is necessary at different levels to selection for nursing profession.展开更多
In order to provide English as a foreign language students with effective English language learning approaches, this investigation is focused on how students deal with words when they are doing reading material. It is...In order to provide English as a foreign language students with effective English language learning approaches, this investigation is focused on how students deal with words when they are doing reading material. It is found that most students can use some skills to guess the unknown words in reading materials, such as explanatory analysis skills, syntactic analysis skills, and structural analysis skills, while they have overlooked how these words are organized metaphorically and metonymically. This investigation will provide students with the target language knowledge metaphors and metonymy, examining the impact on computer vocabulary guessing and reading comprehension through teaching the concept of metaphor and metonymy. In this research, the new word-guessing skill based on the knowledge of metaphor and metonymy was applied to word-guessing teaching in reading comprehension of computer material. The research question is studied in this experiment: Can the training of using ways of word-guessing base on the knowledge of metonymy and metaphor promote students' ability of word guessing in reading comprehension of computer material? The results show that students have gradually paid attention to the word-guessing skill in reading process. The skills based on the knowledge of metaphor and metonymy have helped students get the right meaning of the unknown words in computer reading materials. It has really enlarged students' vocabulary and improved their confidence in finishing reading.展开更多
This is a report on an empirical study of listening comprehension strategies in autonomous learning environment which was conducted among the second-year non-English majors in Shandong University (Weihai) on the bas...This is a report on an empirical study of listening comprehension strategies in autonomous learning environment which was conducted among the second-year non-English majors in Shandong University (Weihai) on the basis of O'Malley and Chamot's theory of learning strategies, dating from September, 2010 to January, 2011. The study aims to verify the teachability of listening comprehension strategies, the enhancement of students' awareness of applying these strategies in their listening comprehension pratice and positive effects of listening comprehension strategies cast on students' listening comprehension proficiency. Questionnares on listening comprehension strategies were conducted at the beginning and at the end of the research respectively, in addition to the listening comprehension strategies training from the beginning to the end of the research. Besides, there was a interview arranged in the middle of the research. Meanwhile, there were two listening comprehension proficiency tests arranged at the beginning and at the end of the research. According to the results, it can be indicated that the students' strategy awareness can be promoted, while their listening proficiency also can be improved by the listening comprehension strategy training.展开更多
For most universities and colleges in China, literary theory is taught at the graduate level of literary studies. Most English teachers think literary theory is such a complex field with jargon-ridden disciplines and ...For most universities and colleges in China, literary theory is taught at the graduate level of literary studies. Most English teachers think literary theory is such a complex field with jargon-ridden disciplines and concepts that it is often considered as "a hot potato" in classroom teaching. Based on a case study from "Approaching Fiction" in China Youth University of Political Studies (CYUPS), the present paper claims that application of literary theory in teaching literature not only greatly broadens students' horizon but also deepens their interpretation and understanding of literary works. With proper selection of teaching material and carefully designed teaching approaches, application of critical theory plays an increasingly important role in the undergraduate literature classroom.展开更多
文摘The purpose of the present research was to investigate the predictors to Chinese college students seeking psychological help from professionals. By surveying 1,408 Chinese college students at five universities in China's Mainland, the results showed that among the factors examined, problem severity and help-seeking attitudes directly predicted help-seeking intention, while gender and subjective norms had a significant effect on college students' professional psychological help-seeking intention through help-seeking attitudes. Overall, the model explained 25% and 38.0% (for half-1 and half-2 data sets, respectively) of the variances of help-seeking intention. The results indicated that mainland Chinese college students rationally knew that they should choose to seek such professional help when the problem got severer enough, although they were emotionally reluctant to seek professional psychological help due to negative subjective norms around them. The implications and limitations were discussed.
基金This study was supported in part by a Seed Grant from the College of Nursing at East Carolina University received by the first author
文摘Objectives:As Watson's Human Caring Theory continues to evolve and guide the discipline of nursing,the challenge is to find ways to integrate it into practice.The purpose of this study is to describe interprofessional team members'perspectives on human caring based on the Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy of Watson's Human Caring Theory within the Unitary Caring Science.Methods:This is a qualitative directed content analysis study,taking place in a Children's Hospital in the United States between November 2017 and April 2018.Information redundancy was utilized to guide the recruitment.Data were collected via a one-time face-to-face individual interview.A qualitative directed content analysis was conducted using Watson's Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy as a coding framework.Results:Twenty-seven healthcare professionals participated in the study.Interprofessional human caring,based on the Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy,was referred to as performing lovingkindness to patients,each other,and self;maintaining faith-hope in teamwork;valuing intersubjective interactions and building trust among team members;cultivating heart-centered-caring relations;acknowledging and processing positive and negative feelings non-judgmentally;applying all ways of knowing in caring;encouraging reciprocal teaching-learning;developing caring-healing environments collaboratively;respecting human dignity of patients and each other;and being open-minded to the unknowns and believing in miracles.Conclusions:Watson's Human Caring Theory can be an underlying guide to enrich human-to-human relations and create a caring-healing environment.When human caring is applied in interprofessional teams,healthcare professionals find a caring consciousness to care for oneself and each other and promote patient care.
文摘Competition and regulation are indispensable entities for a university's improved performance. Using university rating as an index to performance, empirical analyses with the data from 145 public universities and colleges in China show that increased competition in the education service market is associated with higher university's (college's) performance. And increased competition in R&D may make a quadratic effect on university's (college's) performance. University's performance improves when a university is directed as a branch of the central government because they enjoy some degree of management flexibility more than the local government controlled ones. A major implication of the study is the need to reform competition and regulation for improving universities and colleges' operating performance in China.
基金funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Department for Development Partnership (No. AKT-2010-045)
文摘Background: Regular physical activity(PA) has documented effects in prevention and treatment of many non-communicable diseases(NCDs).Physical inactivity is recognized as the fourth leading risk factor for premature death, worldwide. Despite these facts, physical inactivity is increasing,not only in high-income, but also in middle-and low-income countries. To address this negative trend, evidence-based methods to increase PA are needed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation and assessment of 4 strategies designed to increase PA in Vietnam.Methods: Four strategies were used: i) introduction and evaluation of an education and training program on the Swedish method of Physical Activity on Prescription(PAP) among health care professionals, ii) translation of the PAP evidence-based handbook, Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease(called FYSS in Swedish) into Vietnamese, iii) launch of a mass-media campaign to promote PA, and iv)advocacy to support development of PA guidelines in Vietnam.Results: The evaluation indicated that the participating health care professionals had a positive attitude to PAP. However, they also reported uncertainty in prescribing PA. FYSS was translated and disseminated successfully to health care professionals. A mass-media campaign identified the beneficial effects of PA to health care professionals, journalists, policy makers, and the public. Last, the process of developing national guidelines on PA was initiated.Conclusion: This project led to enhanced awareness and appreciation of PA in the prevention and treatment of NCDs among health care professionals as well as initiation of national PA guidelines. Important lessons also were learned in the presentation of PAP, which will be considered when designing similar projects in the future.
文摘This paper is an exploratory study which investigates the introduction and implementation of management accounting changes in Australia. The study first examines the introduction of relatively new management accounting techniques in professional journals, conferences, workshops, and professional development programs over a four-year period in Australia. These are among the main sources of transferring information on cost and management accounting changes to potential users in Australia. The purpose of such a study is to get a clear picture of the scope and extent of recently developed cost and management accounting techniques introduced to practitioners in Australia. By identifying the major management accounting changes and developments faced by organizations, the study then investigates the extent of implementations of such changes in practice. The study further explores the hindering and facilitating factors contributing to the implementation of new management accounting changes in organizations.
文摘The main goal of the paper is to interpret the concept of organizational change in the perspective of critical management studies, by analyzing both the discourses and the control practices used by management. We aim at denaturalize the concept of change related to transition from a bureaucratic model to a professional (post-bureaucratic) model of the call centers organizational design, showing how these discourses and practices reproduce control systems. For this purpose, two cases study of call center outsourced industry are presented. On one hand, we emphasize the bureaucratic nature of call center A associated with standardization of processes and products and where work is highly controlled and routinised. On the other hand, we observe a different image of call center: call center B can be described as a place where work is customized, workers are considered key resources with higher competences and skills that are able to give customers unique solutions and to give answer to complex questions. We suggest that these "new practices" and "new organizational approaches" are merely illusions of change. We argue that in professional model (call center B), control institutionalized through technology is strengthened and deepened by the use of post-bureaucratic control in shaping organizational behaviors, reproducing a Panopticon structure both in terms of electronic surveillance and in terms of behavioral (self) regulation and discipline
文摘This research is designed to investigate interlanguage fossilization in Chinese college students' written output. Twelve common linguistic errors from 20 Chinese EFL (English as a foreign language) learners' writing assignments are observed. Results show that among 12 typical errors, five types of errors are declining while the rest are increasing, indicating a tendency towards fossilization. Analysis shows that negative/corrective feedback has played a key role in reducing fossilization of some errors, but it does not work in every case. Some errors tend to be fossilized for several reasons. First, language items that do not have a direct form-function relationship are likely to be fossilized. Second, advanced learners create their own language system and neglect the basic rules of grammar. Third, task difficulty takes learners' attention away from form to meaning. Fourth, ingrained thinking patterns have a great impact on how learners organize their thoughts in writing. It is true that many Chinese EFL advanced learners reach a plateau in the process of acquiring English. However, attention, consciousness, and training of self-monitoring ability will help destabilize their interlanguage system.
文摘Large classes usually present special challenges in terms of language teaching and learning. This paper reports on a study which dealt with teaching English to a large group of non-English majors in a traditional context at Xinjiang Normal University, China. An eclectic teaching mode was designed and a questionnaire was conducted together with three tests. The results show that the disadvantages of a large class can be minimized to some degree.
文摘Both empirical research findings and teaching experiences show that most non-English major undergraduates who are poorly aware of the cognitive psychological aspect of listening usually pay far greater attention to their improvement of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, etc. only in listening class. That might be part of the reason, and the author will discuss the application of information-processing model theory, schema theory in particular from the angle of cognitive psychology in listening comprehension course, hoping to remove barriers in the listening procedure to achieve better progress for students in listening ability.
文摘In recent years, China's employment problem of the college graduates has become a hot topic in the communities. Each year there are a large number of the graduating students, but few can find the job suitable for their own professional direction in colleges and universities. The employment problems have plagued the university graduates, and also have brought the unnecessary trouble to some students in the colleges. The college students have just entered the society, and they do not understand a lot of the social status very well, and have very little experience in the employment. In order to reduce the pressure of the employment of the university students, and help the graduate students bettor get employed, also to make the college students have a better planning for their future, in this paper, the author carried out the investigation and analysis of the job-hunting intentions and the employment orientations of the students majored in nursing, hoping to hclp the employment of the college students in some aspects, and do a good job in the planning of their career.
文摘Objectives:To describe the professional quality of life and explore its associated factors among nurses coming from other areas of China to assist with the anti-epidemic fight inWuhan and especially examine whether the hospital ethical climate was independently associated with nurses’professional quality of life.Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from March 2020 to April 2020.The nurses working in Wuhan from the other parts of China were the target population.The Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5,the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey,and a basic information sheet were used to collect data.Descriptive statistics,t-test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation,and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:In total,236 nurses participated in this study,and 219 valid questionnaires were analyzed.The average age of the participants was 31.2±5.0 years.Most nurses were female(176/219;80.4%)and married(145/219;66.2%).In term of professional quality of life,nurses reported moderate(129/219;58.9%)to high(90/219;41.1%)levels of compassion satisfaction,low(119/219;54.3%)to moderate(100/219;45.7%)levels of burnout,and low(67/219;36.0%)to high(10/219;4.6%)levels of secondary traumatic stress.Regarding hospital ethical climate,nurses reported moderately high hospital ethical climates with an average score of 4.46.After controlling for socio-demographic characteristics,the multiple linear regression models showed that the hospital ethical climate subscale of“relationship with physicians”was independently associated with the compassion satisfaction(b=0.533,P<0.01)and burnout(b=0.237,P<0.05);the hospital ethical climate subscale of“relationship with peers”(b=0.191,P<0.01)was independently associated with the secondary traumatic stress.Conclusions:During the early stage of the pandemic,nurses demonstrated moderate to high level of compassion satisfaction,low to moderate level of burnout,and all nurses experienced secondary traumatic stress.Nurses perceived a high level of hospital ethical climate,and the perceived hospital ethical climate played an important role in promoting nurses’professional quality of life during a lifethreatening infectious disease pandemic.
文摘Personality characteristics of each people are unique. It seems that these features of personality have an impact on emotional intelligence and ability to interact with people in a social environment. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and personality types of nursing students. The research was descriptive and correlative. The study population consisted of Ardebil University of senior nursing candidates in 2011-2012. The study sample included 125 people. Assessment tools were the Bar-on Emotional Intelligence Inventory and MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) personality type questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 (T-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple regression with significant level P〈0 .05). Pearson correlation coefficients showed there is a significant inverse between variables extroversion-introversion and emotional intelligence with level of .01 (r=-522). Therefore, personality characteristics impact on emotional intelligence of students. Thus, more research of emotional intelligence and personality characteristics is necessary at different levels to selection for nursing profession.
文摘In order to provide English as a foreign language students with effective English language learning approaches, this investigation is focused on how students deal with words when they are doing reading material. It is found that most students can use some skills to guess the unknown words in reading materials, such as explanatory analysis skills, syntactic analysis skills, and structural analysis skills, while they have overlooked how these words are organized metaphorically and metonymically. This investigation will provide students with the target language knowledge metaphors and metonymy, examining the impact on computer vocabulary guessing and reading comprehension through teaching the concept of metaphor and metonymy. In this research, the new word-guessing skill based on the knowledge of metaphor and metonymy was applied to word-guessing teaching in reading comprehension of computer material. The research question is studied in this experiment: Can the training of using ways of word-guessing base on the knowledge of metonymy and metaphor promote students' ability of word guessing in reading comprehension of computer material? The results show that students have gradually paid attention to the word-guessing skill in reading process. The skills based on the knowledge of metaphor and metonymy have helped students get the right meaning of the unknown words in computer reading materials. It has really enlarged students' vocabulary and improved their confidence in finishing reading.
文摘This is a report on an empirical study of listening comprehension strategies in autonomous learning environment which was conducted among the second-year non-English majors in Shandong University (Weihai) on the basis of O'Malley and Chamot's theory of learning strategies, dating from September, 2010 to January, 2011. The study aims to verify the teachability of listening comprehension strategies, the enhancement of students' awareness of applying these strategies in their listening comprehension pratice and positive effects of listening comprehension strategies cast on students' listening comprehension proficiency. Questionnares on listening comprehension strategies were conducted at the beginning and at the end of the research respectively, in addition to the listening comprehension strategies training from the beginning to the end of the research. Besides, there was a interview arranged in the middle of the research. Meanwhile, there were two listening comprehension proficiency tests arranged at the beginning and at the end of the research. According to the results, it can be indicated that the students' strategy awareness can be promoted, while their listening proficiency also can be improved by the listening comprehension strategy training.
文摘For most universities and colleges in China, literary theory is taught at the graduate level of literary studies. Most English teachers think literary theory is such a complex field with jargon-ridden disciplines and concepts that it is often considered as "a hot potato" in classroom teaching. Based on a case study from "Approaching Fiction" in China Youth University of Political Studies (CYUPS), the present paper claims that application of literary theory in teaching literature not only greatly broadens students' horizon but also deepens their interpretation and understanding of literary works. With proper selection of teaching material and carefully designed teaching approaches, application of critical theory plays an increasingly important role in the undergraduate literature classroom.