《大正藏》本《大智度论》校勘举误——以敦煌本为参校本

后秦鸠摩罗什翻译《大智度论》是中国佛教史上的重要典籍,其内容极其丰富,涉及大乘佛教的各个方面,被喻为"佛教百科全书",对中国佛教产生了相当深远的影响,是历来中国佛教各宗派所依用援引的重要论典。然而由于历代辗转翻刻,传世本《大智度论》亦颇有讹误脱衍之处,本文将敦煌藏经洞出土的《大智度论》写本与《大正藏》本相对勘,订正了《大正藏》本的部分讹误,同时指出了敦煌本的巨大学术价值,以期引起学界的重视。

德性之冠:亚里士多德论“大度”

何种生活通向幸福?亚里士多德在《尼各马可伦理学》第一卷中的答复是政治生活,而在第十卷的答复是沉思生活。对于这种矛盾表述,学界争论的关键在于政治生活是否必要。而解决这个问题的最佳路径无疑是审视政治的最高德性,即'大度'。本文第一部分将论述'大度'和其他德性构成的上升序列,并表明逻各斯的推动力量;第二部分将分析《后分析篇》97b16—24列举的五位'大度'之人,进而呈现'大度'对血气的净化历程;第三部分将揭示努斯对幸福生活的决定作用,从而表明'大度'代表的最高政治生活也能通向幸福。

Design and implementation of low-cost geomagnetic field monitoring equipment for high-density deployment

The observation of geomagnetic field variations is an important approach to studying earthquake precursors.Since 1987,the China Earthquake Administration has explored this seismomagnetic relationship.In particular,they studied local magnetic field anomalies over the Chinese mainland for earthquake prediction.Owing to the years of research on the seismomagnetic relationship,earthquake prediction experts have concluded that the compressive magnetic effect,tectonic magnetic effect,electric magnetic fluid effect,and other factors contribute to preearthquake magnetic anomalies.However,this involves a small magnitude of magnetic field changes.It is difficult to relate them to the abnormal changes of the extremely large magnetic field in regions with extreme earthquakes owing to the high cost of professional geomagnetic equipment,thereby limiting large-scale deployment.Moreover,it is difficult to obtain strong magnetic field changes before an earthquake.The Tianjin Earthquake Agency has developed low-cost geomagnetic field observation equipment through the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei geomagnetic equipment test project.The new system was used to test the availability of equipment and determine the findings based on big data..

Data-driven methods for predicting the representative temperature of bridge cable based on limited measured data

Cable-stayed bridges have been widely used in high-speed railway infrastructure.The accurate determination of cable’s representative temperatures is vital during the intricate processes of design,construction,and maintenance of cable-stayed bridges.However,the representative temperatures of stayed cables are not specified in the existing design codes.To address this issue,this study investigates the distribution of the cable temperature and determinates its representative temperature.First,an experimental investigation,spanning over a period of one year,was carried out near the bridge site to obtain the temperature data.According to the statistical analysis of the measured data,it reveals that the temperature distribution is generally uniform along the cable cross-section without significant temperature gradient.Then,based on the limited data,the Monte Carlo,the gradient boosted regression trees(GBRT),and univariate linear regression(ULR)methods are employed to predict the cable’s representative temperature throughout the service life.These methods effectively overcome the limitations of insufficient monitoring data and accurately predict the representative temperature of the cables.However,each method has its own advantages and limitations in terms of applicability and accuracy.A comprehensive evaluation of the performance of these methods is conducted,and practical recommendations are provided for their application.The proposed methods and representative temperatures provide a good basis for the operation and maintenance of in-service long-span cable-stayed bridges.

Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Zr-Nd alloy with large final rolling deformation

In this study,the Mg-3Zn-0.5Zr-χNd(χ=0,0.6)alloys were subjected to final rolling treatment with large deformation of 50%.The impact of annealing temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated.The rolled Mg-3Zn-0.5Zr-0.6Nd alloy exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 386 MPa,a yield strength of 361 MPa,and an elongation of 7.1%.Annealing at different temperatures resulted in reduced strength and obviously increased elongation for both alloys.Optimal mechanical properties for the Mg-3Zn-0.5Zr-0.6Nd alloy were achieved after annealing at 200℃,with an ultimate tensile strength of 287 MPa,a yield strength of 235 MPa,and an elongation of 26.1%.The numerous deformed microstructures,twins,and precipitated phases in the rolled alloy could impede the deformation at room temperature and increase the work hardening rate.After annealing,a decrease in the work hardening effect and an increase in the dynamic recovery effect were obtained due to the formation of fine equiaxed grains,and the increased volume fraction of precipitated phases,which significantly improved the elongation of the alloy.Additionally,the addition of Nd element could enhance the annealing recrystallization rate,reduce the Schmid factor difference between basal and prismatic slip systems,facilitate multi-system slip initiation and improve the alloy plasticity.

The enlightenment of artificial intelligence large-scale model on the research of intelligent eye diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine

Eye diagnosis is a method for inspecting systemic diseases and syndromes by observing the eyes.With the development of intelligent diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM);artificial intelligence(AI)can improve the accuracy and efficiency of eye diagnosis.However;the research on intelligent eye diagnosis still faces many challenges;including the lack of standardized and precisely labeled data;multi-modal information analysis;and artificial in-telligence models for syndrome differentiation.The widespread application of AI models in medicine provides new insights and opportunities for the research of eye diagnosis intelli-gence.This study elaborates on the three key technologies of AI models in the intelligent ap-plication of TCM eye diagnosis;and explores the implications for the research of eye diagno-sis intelligence.First;a database concerning eye diagnosis was established based on self-su-pervised learning so as to solve the issues related to the lack of standardized and precisely la-beled data.Next;the cross-modal understanding and generation of deep neural network models to address the problem of lacking multi-modal information analysis.Last;the build-ing of data-driven models for eye diagnosis to tackle the issue of the absence of syndrome dif-ferentiation models.In summary;research on intelligent eye diagnosis has great potential to be applied the surge of AI model applications.

Towing characteristics of large-scale composite bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines

In order to study the towing dynamic properties of the large-scale composite bucket foundation the hydrodynamic software MOSES is used to simulate the dynamic motion of the foundation towed to the construction site.The MOSES model with the prototype size is established as the water draft of 5 and 6 m under the environmental conditions on site.The related factors such as towing force displacement towing accelerations in six degrees of freedom of the bucket foundation and air pressures inside the bucket are analyzed in detail.In addition the towing point and wave conditions are set as the critical factors to simulate the limit conditions of the stable dynamic characteristics.The results show that the large-scale composite bucket foundation with reasonable subdivisions inside the bucket has the satisfying floating stability.During the towing process the air pressures inside the bucket obviously change little and it is found that the towing point at the waterline is the most optimal choice.The characteristics of the foundation with the self-floating towing technique are competitive for saving lots of cost with few of the expensive types of equipment required during the towing transportation.

Study on Temperature and Humidity of Plastic Greenhouse under Different Ventilation Modes in the Yangtze-Huai Region in Hot Season

In order to analyze the ventilation and cooling performance of single-tunnel plastic greenhouse in Yangtze-Huai region, the effects of two different ventilation modes （side window, side window＋roof window） on the temperature and humidity of plastic greenhouse were studied. The results showed that the ventilation mode of opening side window and roof window could effectively reduce the temperature and humidity at the plant canopy height, which was conducive to the growth of plant in greenhouse.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings deposited by arc ion plating with separate targets

TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings were prepared by arc ion plating with separate targets. In order to decrease the unfavorable macroparticles, a straight magnetized filter was used for the low melting aluminium target. The results show that the output plasmas of titanium target without filter and aluminium target with filter reach the substrate with the same order of magnitude. Meanwhile, the number of macropartieles in TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings deposited with separate targets is only 1/10-1/3 of that deposited with alloy target reported in literature. Al atom addition may lead to the decrease of peak at （200） lattice plane and strengthening of peak at （111） and （220） lattice planes. The measured hardness of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings accords with the mixture principle and the maximum hardness is HV2495. The adhesion strength reaches 75 N.

Effects of parameters of asphalt concrete surfacing on mechanical property of paving layer

The important parameters that influence the mechanical property of the pavinglayer on an orthotropic steel bridge deck are the paving layer thickness and modulus of the asphaltconcrete surfacing. Three important indices that control the typical failures of the paving layerare the maximum tensile stress of paving layer, the maximum shear stress between the steel deck andthe paving layer, and the maximum deflection on the paving surface. In this paper, the analyticalmodel of paving systems on orthotropic steel bridge deck is established, and the finite elementmethod is adopted to study the stress and strain of paving system. With the variation of asphaltconcrete modulus in high or low temperature season, the influences of paving layer thickness onthree control indices are researched. The results provide a theoretical basis for the determinationof thickness of the paving layer on the steel bridge deck.

STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN LEAF TO ELEVATED CO_2 CONCENTRATION

The effects of CO 2 concentration on the morphological and anatomical characters of soybean (Glycine max) leaf were investigated by means of light microscopy and SEM.It was noticed that exomorphology did not show dramatic change,while stomatal density decreased with increasing CO 2 concentration.Under SEM,no epicuticular wax was observed on both abaxial and adaxial sides of the control group as well as on adaxial side of the treatment group.However,leaf surface of abaxial side was noticed to be densely covered with microasterisk epicuticular wax when they were exposed to CO 2 enriched environment.The epicuticular wax deposition was present in equal abundance on both stomatal and nonstomatal areas.Furthermore,leaf thickness increased significantly due largely to the origin of an extra layer of palisade in the treatment group.The results confirmed that CO 2 enrichment might enhance cell division and induce greater quantity of epicuticular wax.

Fractal dimension for porous metal materials of FeCrAl fiber

The FeCrA1 fiber was used to prepare porous metal materials with air-laid technology, and then followed by sintering at 1300 ℃ for a holding period of 2 h in the vacuum. In addition, a novel fractal soft, which was developed based on the fractal theory and the computer image processing technology, was explored to describe the pore structure of porous metal materials. Furthermore, the fractal dimension of pore structure was calculated by the soft and the effects of magnification and porosity on ffactal dimension were also discussed. The results show that the fractal dimension decreases with increase in the magnification, while it increases continuously with the porosity enhancing. The interrelationship between the fractal dimension and the magnification or porosity can be presented by the equation of D=α_0exp（-x/α_1）＋α_2和D=k_2-（k_1-k_2）/[1＋exp（（θ-k_0）/k_3）], respectively.

Indentation of sandwich beams with metal foam core

The quasi-static indentation behavior of sandwich beams with a metal foam core was investigated. An analytical model was developed to predict the large deflections of indention of the sandwich beams with a metal foam core subjected to a concentrated loading. The interaction of plastic bending and stretching in the local deformation regions of the face sheet was considered in the analytical model. Moreover, the effects of the shear strength of the foam core on the indentation behavior were discussed in detail. The finite element simulations were preformed to validate the theoretical model. Comparisons between the analytical predictions and finite element results were conducted and good agreement was achieved. The results show that the membrane force dominates indentation behavior of the sandwich beams when the maximum deflection exceeds the thickness of the face sheet.

Effects of Climatic Factors on Tree-ring Maximum Latewood Density of Picea schrenkiana in Xinjiang, China

Based on two tree-ring maximum latewood density （MXD） chronologies of Picea schrenkiana from the Manas River Basin, Xinjiang, the response characteristics of MXD to climate variation was discussed. Correlation analysis between MXD chronologies and instrumental records from Shihezi meteorological station showed that each chronology was significantly and positively correlated with the maximum monthly average temperature in July-August, and especially, the regional chronology （RC） was the most highly correlated variable （r=0.54, P〈0.001）. Afterwards, the maximum average temperature in July-August was reconstructed using RC. Comparison among reconstructed temperature, observed values, and the drought index （Is） confirmed that precipitation would affect MXD when the absolute value of Is is greater than 1.5σ （｜Is｜ 〉 2.5 during 1953-2008） or near to 1.5a over a 2-3 year period. The response characteristics are related to the semiarid climate of the study area. In dry years, lack of precipitation would limit the thickening of latewood cell walls and, as a result, impact MXD. Therefore, compared with relatively humid regions, the response of tree-ring MXD to air temperature similarly would be influenced by extreme moisture conditions in semiarid areas, and MXD, as a temperature proxy, should be used prudently on a limited scale.

Grain size distribution characteristics in surface sediments near the Dalian Bay and their hydrodynamic environmental implications

Based on grain size analysis for the offshore surface sediments of the Dalian Bay, the assemblages and distribution characteristics of grain size were acquired, and their sources and sedimentary environments as well as the dominant factors were also discussed preliminarily. The results indicate that the silt has the highest content of 52% in average, followed by sand of 34%. Clay is enriched in the central plateau subregion with the average content of 14%. They are distributed with the strap-shape from east to west, which is consistent with the distribution pattern of minerals there. The coastal shallow-water slope in the north of the study area is characterized by the enrichment of coarser deposition, indicating strong hydrodynamic conditions and nearby source. With water depth increasing southward, silt and clay fraction, mainly enriched on a subaquatic platform with better sorting, are considered to be transported far away. To the further south of the study area with the deepest water off another subaquatic slop, coarse fraction is the highest, implying strong hydrodynamic conditions induced by tide currents which pass in and out the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea Warm Current that enters the Bohai Sea.

Difference between Responses of Potato Plant Height to Corrected FAO-56-recommended Crop Coefficient and Measured Crop Coefficient

This study was conducted to establish a simple convenient method for calculating crop coefficient, and provide a certain basis for the research of the empirical formula for calculating crop coefficient with plant height which could be measured conveniently with regional differences, especially for the establishment of accurate irrigation schedule of potato in Yunnan. By the field experiment on potato under the condition of drip irrigation, it was found that the models of plant height with corrected FAO-56-recommended K and measured K were a quartic polynomial and a cubic polynomial, respectively, and the polynomial of potato plant height with measured crop coefficient was simpler with higher degree of fitting; and the differences between the period with the highest change rate of potato plant height and the periods with the greatest FAO-56-recommended K and measured K exhibited a differences of 3 d. In conclusion： In the future study of simple or empirical formula calculation of crop coefficient, plant height should be considered as a main dependent variable in that the calculation result would be closer to the measured crop coefficient with the problem of regional difference existing in the FAO method solved and the formula might be simpler; and the irrigation time of potato should be 3 d earlier than the irrigation time determined according to the corrected FAO-56-recommended crop coefficient, especially in the key water requirement stages of potato.

Turbulence regime near the forest floor of a mixed broad leaved/Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains

The measurement and observation for this study were carried out by using a three-dimensional (u, v, w) Sonic anemometer (IAP-SA 485), at Forest Ecosystem Opened Research Station of Changbai Mountains (12828扙 and 4224?N, Jilin Province, P. R. China) in August 2001. The basic characteristics of turbulence, such as turbulence intensity, atmospheric stability, time scales, and convection state, near the forest floor were analyzed. It is concluded that the airflow near forest floor is characterized by high intermittence and asymmetry, and the active and upward movement takes the leading position. Near forest floor, the vertical turbulence is retained and its time scale and length scale are much less than that of u, v components. The eddy near forest floor shows a flat structure and look like a ’Disk’. Buoyancy plays a leading role in the generation and maintenance of local turbulence

DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE FOR AXISYMMETRIC GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF CIRCULAR PLATES

New developments have been made on the applications of the differential quadrature(DQ)method to analysis of structural problems recently.The method is used to obtain solutions of large deflections, membrane and bending stresses of circular plates with movable and immovable edges under uniform pressures or a central point load.The shortcomings existing in the earlier analysis by the DQ method have been overcome by a new approach in applying the boundary conditions. The accuracy and the efficiency of the newly developed method for solving nonlinear problems are demonstrated.

Solar Energy Resource Characteristics of Photovoltaic Power Station in Shandong Province

[Objective] The aim was to analyze characters of solar energy in photo- voltaic power stations in Shandong Province. [Method] The models of total solar radiation and scattered radiation were determined, and solar energy resources in pho-tovoltaic power stations were evaluated based on illumination in horizontal plane and cloud data in 123 counties or cities and observed information in Jinan, Fushan and Juxian in 1988-2008. [Result] Solar energy in northern regions in Shandong proved most abundant, which is suitable for photovoltaic power generation; the optimal angle of tilt of photovoltaic array was at 35°, decreasing by 2°-3° compared with local latitude. Total solar radiation received by the slope with optimal angle of tilt exceeded 1 600 kw.h/（m2.a）, increasing by 16% compared with horizontal planes. The maximal irradiance concluded by WRF in different regions tended to be volatile in 1 020-1 060 W/m2. [Conclusion] The research provides references for construction of photovoltaic power stations in Shandong Province.

Study on the Acute Toxicity of Microsystin-LR on Hydra magnipapillata

[Objective] The research aimed to study the toxicity effect of microsystin on Hydra（aquatic animal model）.[Method] Hydra magnipapillata was as the experimental material.Under the different concentrations of MC-LR solution,its acute toxicity effect on Hydra magnipapillata was observed.[Result] The half lethal concentration（LC50） of MC-LR on Hydra magnipapillata at 24 h was 12.158,4.029 mg/L at 48 h and 1.799 mg/L at 72 h.[Conclusion] Hydra magnipapillata would die when treated by the low concentration of MC-LR solution.It illustrated that MC-LR produced by algal blooms caused the damage on some aquatic animals,and even some low-level aquatic animals died,such as Hydra magnipapillata and so on.The research provided some reference basis for the detection and assessment of water body pollution.