大独与大群

什么在章太炎影响下接受秦始皇?我的意见是，应当把章太炎的思想当做当时的一种思潮来看。章太炎虽然肯定秦始皇，但他也是反对专制主义的。直到民国后他还以大勋章为扇坠，跑到总统府去诟骂袁世凯称帝。这事曾使鲁迅感动。在此之前，章发表过不少反专制的文章，我曾在文章中提到《馗书》的反专制统治之文，这些文章令人展卷方诵，血脉已张。但是他为什么又去赞扬秦始皇呢?

从反省现代性到服膺马克思主义——李大钊、陈独秀思想新论

欧战前后,中西方都各自面临着"重新估定一切价值"的时代。但是,因时代的落差,当中国的新文化运动热衷于以欧洲19世纪的文明为范本,猛烈批判传统文化之时,欧洲人却正致力于反省自己的资本主义文明。其反省现代性与社会主义思潮的并兴,不仅标志着西方现代思潮发生了深刻的变动,而且也给其时中国社会思潮的发展带来了深刻的影响。从虔诚地追随西方资本主义文明到认同反省现代性、批判资本主义,再到信仰马克思主义,李大钊、陈独秀这一共同的思想进路,既合乎其自身发展的逻辑,同时也集中代表和凸显了20世纪初年中国社会思潮变动的鲜明主线。他们最终归向马克思主义,既是近代中国历史发展的善果,同时也是整个西方现代思潮影响中国的必然结果。

(α,β)-constraints connected dominating set algorithm in wireless sensor network

To cope with the constraint problem of power consumption and transmission delay in the virtual backbone of wireless sensor network, a distributed connected dominating set （CDS） algorithm with （α,β）-constraints is proposed. Based on the （α, β）-tree concept, a new connected dominating tree with bounded transmission delay problem（CDTT） is defined and a corresponding algorithm is designed to construct a CDT-tree which can trade off limited total power and bounded transmission delay from source to destination nodes. The CDT algorithm consists of two phases： The first phase constructs a maximum independent set（MIS）in a unit disk graph model. The second phase estimates the distance and calculates the transmission power to construct a spanning tree in an undirected graph with different weights for MST and SPF, respectively. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the CDT algorithm gives a correct solution to the CDTF problem and forms a virtual backbone with（ α,β）-constraints balancing the requirements of power consumption and transmission delay.

A maximum-independent-set-based channel allocation algorithm for multi-channel wireless networks

A channel allocation algorithm based on the maximum independent set is proposed to decrease network conflict and improve network performance. First, a channel allocation model is formulated and a series of the maximum independent sets （MISs） are obtained from a contention graph by the proposed approximation algorithm with low complexity. Then, a weighted contention graph is obtained using the number of contention vertices between two MISs as a weighted value. Links are allocated to channels by the weighted contention graph to minimize conflicts between independent sets. Finally, after channel allocation, each node allocates network interface cards （NICs） to links that are allocated channels according to the queue lengths of NICs. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the network throughput and decreases the end to end delay.

Modeling dam deformation using independent component regression method

In the application of regression analysis method to model dam deformation, the ill-condition problem occurred in coefficient matrix always prevents an accurate modeling mainly due to the multicollinearity of the variables. Independent component regression （ICR） was proposed to model the dam deformation and identify the physical origins of the deformation. Simulation experiment shows that ICR can successfully resolve the problem of ill-condition and produce a reliable deformation model. After that, the method is applied to model the deformation of the Wuqiangxi Dam in Hunan province, China. The result shows that ICR can not only accurately model the deformation of the dam, but also help to identify the physical factors that affect the deformation through the extracted independent components.

EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE ON CEREBRAL IMAGES IN AUTISM CHILDREN

Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture on images in autism children. Methods; A total of 27 cases of autism children were subjected into this study. By using a SPECT, the cerebral images were collected before and after acupuncture treatment and analyzed according to the recommended methods in 《Clinical Nuclear Medicine》 for assessing the state of blood flow, radioactivity quantity distribution and radioactivity count in bilateral hemispheres. 'JIN's three-needling' was employed. The acupuncture treatment was given once every other day, with 4 months being a therapeutic course and an interval of one month between two courses. Results: After acupuncture treatment, of the 22 cases, 20 had remarkable improvement and 2 had improvement in cerebral blood flow, with the total effective rate being 90.8%. Before the treatment there were significant differences between the left and right cerebrum (P<0. 001), and between the left and right frontal lobes in radioactive areas (P<0.01); however, after treatment, no differences were found between them (P>0.05). After treatment, the radioactivity count in the whole brain decreased significantly in comparison with that of pretreatment (P<0.01). It indicates the improvement of cerebral blood flow and cellular metabolism after the treatment. Conclusion: Acupuncture can significantly improve cerebral blood flow in autism children.

To Withstand Loneliness in the Process of Urbanization——Research on the Construction and Planning of Metropolitan Suburban Rural Tourism Scenic Areas

Abstract The conflicts between rurality and urbanization,tradition and modernity,industry and environmental resource in the rural tourism have become major difficulties of its sustainable development in China.This paper analyzed the characteristics and difficult situations of metropolitan suburban rural tourism,put forward four kinds of region-city functions in the development of metropolitan suburban rural tourism,and researched on the construction of rural tourism scenic areas in metropolis suburb—"to Withstand Loneliness in the Process of Urbanization"—as the following aspects:the space organization mode,localization,social organization and management,the product organization and spatial planning modes and contents.

An Empirical Study on the Efficiency of Peer Counseling with Students from Independent College

The research is to involve an experiment with a class composed of both liberal art and science students from an independent college. In the experiment, peer counselors are to be recruited as subjects I, while subjects II are to be made up of the experimental group and the control group. First, subjects I and subjects II will undergo a pretest by Tennessee Self-Concept Scale and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems- 32（IIP-32）. Then, after an intervention experiment that involves training and counseling of the peer counselors, subjects 1 and subjects II are to undergo a post-test. Finally, the statistic procedures of independent sample t and paired sample t are to be employed to assess the data. The results show that in the process of receiving training and counseling, the peer counselors achieve profound improvement in their cognitive level of self- concept, while their problems in interpersonal relationships are significantly reduced. The same is also observed in the experimental group after carrying out the counseling of the peer counselors. All this demonstrates that peer counseling is conducive to the improvement of university students＇ osvchological well-being.

Shrinking and Super-Aging Suburbs in Japanese Metropolis

Japan＇s aging rate has exceeded 26%, ahead of any other country in the world. Aging is progressing rapidly in both rural and urban areas. Recently, super-aging in old suburbs is remarkable. Recently, Japanese old suburban housing estates are declining. They are facing several serious problems. Most serious problems are aging of residents and decreasing population, and these are caused by long-term dwelling. Because many Japanese think that ＂Japanese Dream＂ is occupancy of detached house in suburb. Japanese suburban residents tend to stay after child rearing. And another severe problem is the increasing vacant houses. In this study, the authors try to clarify the conditions of shrinking suburbs in Japanese cities and will introduce some activities for revitalization in suburbs. As for aging of suburban residents, in old housing estates, the first generation of migrants grew older and continued to live in their own house in suburban areas. Furthermore, their children grew up and moved out. These are caused by the failure of town planning, which supplied the same type of houses in short term. Furthermore, increases in vacant houses are seen throughout every old suburban housing estate, and it induces new uneasiness and social troubles and drop in housing price.

“大独必群”何以必要?

1894年甲午战争之后,章太炎开始投身政治运动。《明独》的原始版本《独居记》也撰于该年,在某种程度上此文可以视作章太炎投身政治的一份宣言。在这其中,他对"大群"的命运抱以极大的关注,认为救国者应从各种为私利而中饱的"小群"中独立出来,即便孑然一身,也要义无反顾。这背后显现出中国古典政治德性对其深厚的熏染。章太炎主张的"大独必群""小群,大群之贼也",当然是面对近代西方势力对中国的冲击而产生的强烈危机感,但他在论述这些观点时,基本是针对中国社会自身的矛盾而立言的,并且其思考逻辑也和中国传统政治思想一脉相承,而并非对近代西方政治学说的简单复制。

MAXIMUM GENUS,INDEPENDENCE NUMBER AND GIRTH

It is known (for example see [2]) that the maximum genus of a graph is mainly determined by the Betti deficiency of the graph. In this paper, the authors establish an upper bound on the Betti deficiency in terms of the independence number as well as the girth of a graph, and thus use the formulation in [2] to translate this result to lower bound on the maximum genus. Meantime it is shown that both of the bounds are best possible.

Dynamic bivariate normal copula

Normal copula with a correlation coefficient between-1 and 1 is tail independent and so it severely underestimates extreme probabilities. By letting the correlation coefficient in a normal copula depend on the sample size, H¨usler and Reiss(1989) showed that the tail can become asymptotically dependent. We extend this result by deriving the limit of the normalized maximum of n independent observations, where the i-th observation follows from a normal copula with its correlation coefficient being either a parametric or a nonparametric function of i/n. Furthermore, both parametric and nonparametric inference for this unknown function are studied, which can be employed to test the condition by H¨usler and Reiss(1989). A simulation study and real data analysis are presented too.

谈“渎山大玉海”之相关问题

关于"渎山大玉海"材质来源以及名字的含义,历来有不同说法。南阳唐代丁愿墓志的发现,提供了重要的实物资料,从而确定了"渎山"即南阳之独山。

Strong laws of large numbers for sub-linear expectations

We investigate three kinds of strong laws of large numbers for capacities with a new notion of independently and identically distributed(IID) random variables for sub-linear expectations initiated by Peng.It turns out that these theorems are natural and fairly neat extensions of the classical Kolmogorov's strong law of large numbers to the case where probability measures are no longer additive. An important feature of these strong laws of large numbers is to provide a frequentist perspective on capacities.

Sharp large deviation results for sums of independent random variables

We show sharp bounds for probabilities of large deviations for sums of independent random variables satisfying Bernstein's condition. One such bound is very close to the tail of the standard Gaussian law in certain case; other bounds improve the inequalities of Bennett and Hoeffding by adding missing factors in the spirit of Talagrand(1995). We also complete Talagrand's inequality by giving a lower bound of the same form, leading to an equality. As a consequence, we obtain large deviation expansions similar to those of Cram′er(1938),Bahadur-Rao(1960) and Sakhanenko(1991). We also show that our bound can be used to improve a recent inequality of Pinelis(2014).

Some Large Deviation Results for Generalized Compound Binomial Risk Models

This paper is a further investigation of large deviation for partial and random sums of random variables, where {Xn,n ≥ 1} is non-negative independent identically distributed random variables with a common heavy-tailed distribution function F on the real line R and finite mean μ∈ R. {N(n),n ≥ 0} is a binomial process with a parameter p ∈ (0,1) and independent of {Xn,n ≥ 1}; {M(n),n ≥ 0} is a Poisson process with intensity λ > 0, Sn = ΣNn i=1 Xi-cM(n). Suppose F ∈ C, we futher extend and improve some large deviation results. These results can apply to certain problems in insurance and finance.

THE STRONG LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS FOR PAIRWISE NQD RANDOM VARIABLES

In this paper, the almost sure convergence for pairwise negatively quadrant dependent random variables is studied. The strong law of large numbers for pairwise negatively quadrant dependent random variables is obtained. Our results generalize and improve those on almost sure convergence theorems previously obtained by Marcinkiewicz （1937）, Jamison （1965）, Matula （1992） and Wu （2001） from the independent identically distributed （i.i.d.） case to pairwise NQD sequences.