“大科技”格局在中国铁路工程总公司的实践与发展

本文就“大科技”格局的内涵、定义、要素、原则及检验标准作出了准确定位 ,对“大科技”格局在中国铁路工程总公司 6年来的实践与发展情况展开深入地分析 ,并在此基础上进一步提出“大科技”格局的新时期发展要点和重点工作。

溧水构建“大科技”服务机制的路径与对策研究

本文针对区域"大科技"服务机制运行中存在的问题,提出了深化改革创新的新路径和新对策,主要包括:整合优化科技创新资源,构建科技成果转化机制;探索科技创新创业平台建设管理模式,构建载体服务机制等。

考虑滑面材质的碎屑流试验堆积特征分析

为分析高速远程滑坡运动与堆积特征,在室内设置物理试验模型,设计级配、坡角、碎屑流质量、滑面材质4种因素,分析各因素对碎屑流堆积特征的影响。研究结果表明:坡角减小、滑面更粗糙使部分颗粒堆积或滞留于坡面,颗粒堆积特征与颗粒完全堆积于坡底时相比存在差异;滑面材质与冲程等堆积特征基本呈负相关,坡角与堆积特征基本呈正相关,二者对堆积特征影响最大;碎屑流质量与堆积特征基本呈负相关,对颗粒堆积特征分布影响较小;级配与颗粒堆积特征无明显相关性。

A Preliminary Study on Biological Activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn

[ Objective ] The insecticidal and antibacterial bioactivity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn were screened and bioactive substances in it were separated and purified. [ Method] The Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn was conducted ultrasonic extraction in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. The insecticidal activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn to Mythimna separata walker and aphid were determined. The antibacterial activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn to Fusarium graminearu, Glomerella cingulata, F. oxysporium f. sp niveum, Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporium were also determined. The bioactivity-guided methods such as opencolumn chromatography and Pre-HPLC method were used to separate active components in petroleum ether extract from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn. [ Result] When the concentration was 500 mg/L, 3 kinds of extracts from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn didn＇ t show obvious antibacterial bioactivity to 5 kinds of test samples. When the concentration was 5%, petroleum ether extract show certain topical toxicity to aphids. The ethyl acetate extract showed certain antifeedant activity to 3^rd instar Larvae of Mythimna separata Walker. The fraction F4 of petroleum ether extract possessed highest topical toxicity to aphids and the lethality was 60.00%. [ Conclusion] Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn contained many insecticidal constituents whose active parts and mechanism were needed further researches.

Discussion on Green Development of Fenlong for Yield Increase, Quality Enhancing, Water Retaining and Multiple Use of Natural Resources

Fenlong green ecological agriculture technology （Fenlong technology）, a new smash ridging farming method developed by Guangxi Academy of Agdcultural Sciences, has been elected as the recommended cultivation technique by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. It replaces the traditional plowshare with spiral drill, and its tilth depth is twice deeper than that by tractor tilthing. It also extends soil nutrient, moisture, oxygen and microorganism, the so-called ＂Four pools＂. Soil nutrient, oxygen, microorganism, light and rainfall use ratio is increased by 10%-100%, creating a platform for natural increase of more than 10% of crop yield. Its application to over 20 kinds of crops in 21 provinces has proved that the yield increases 10-30% with quality enhancing 5% and double water retaining capacity but no more input. When the application area of Fenlong could reach 67 million hm2, the amount of fertilizer can be reduced by 40-50 billion kg, saving 120-150 billion Yuan. In this paper, we put forward the strategy of ＂4＋1＂ （arable, saline-alkali soil, grasslands, Sponge City ＋ rivers） green development in China, and deepened the Fenlong cultivated tilled layer from 16.5 cm to 35 cm for 67 million hm2 arable land, ridged 13.3 million hm2 of saline-alkali soil for 35 cm, and also 35 cm for 67 million hm2 degraded steppe, which could have the following 3 effects： first, the 147 million hm2 of land with Fenlong cultivation could increase loosing soil to 315.491 billion m3, in＊ creasing by 159.26% for 120 million hm2 of arable land with the average tilled layer of 16.5 cm, which has loosing soil of only 198.1 billion m3, that is, the space of the land increases 1.6 times. Second, every hectare of plowland could store up to 450 m3/hm2 of natural rainfall, and the unused 60 m3 of saline-alkali soil and grasslands could store water of 102 billion m3, showing an increase of over 88.89% for the current plowland storage of 54 billion m3 at now, that is, double the natural rainfall storage capacity. Third, the two multiple increase of natural resources application can bring trillions of resource activation, environmental cleaning, food security, citizens, health, economic, ecological and social benefits, and makes the Chinese nation move forward in green development. Its application in ＂big scientific research＂ and ＂One Belt And One Road＂ will contribute Chinese strength to the world.

丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯的合成及热分解

以TNT、甲醛为原料,在弱碱性条件下反应合成得到2,4,6-三硝基苯乙醇(PicCH2CH2OH);PicCH2CH2OH在浓硫酸催化下和丙烯酸在甲苯中回流反应24h,合成得到丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯,产率为62%。采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、质谱(MS)以及元素分析等对产物结构进行了表征。利用热重分析(TG)对产物热稳定性进行了研究,采用Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法计算其热分解活化能Ea分别为99.78,102.96kJ·mol-1。

钻井液设计专家系统规则库的检测算法

钻井液设计专家系统规则库的规模随着规则的更新与日俱增,对规则库的维护工作变得日益重要。针对规则库的从属、冗余、环路和冲突等问题提出一种检测算法。引入有向超图来表示规则库中的规则;用邻接矩阵表示该有向超图,并计算出它的可达矩阵和总可达矩阵;用总可达矩阵对规则库进行检测,找出规则库中存在的问题。实验表明,与已有的检测算法相比,该算法能够有效地检测出规则库中存在的问题,同时构建的邻接矩阵规模较小,在保证算法简洁的基础上提高了效率。

Review and prospects: in celebration of the 20th anniversary of Journal of Southeast University (English Edition)

The twenty years history of Journal of Southeast University (English Edition) and its significant achievements are briefly reviewed. Based on the experiences accumulated over its twenty years, some suggestions for improving the quality of this English-language academic journal are proposed, including focusing on the report of the excellent disciplines of its sponsoring university, attracting high-level papers by giving the priority of publication, publishing special issues for experts and scholars at home and abroad, shortening publication period, and realizing the internationalization of the members of the editorial committee, etc.

Biodegradation of Microcystin-RR by a New Isolated Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A promising bacterial strain for the biodegradation of Microcystins(MCs)was isolated from Dianchi lake in China and identified as Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05 by the analysis of 16s rDNA.Initial MC-RR of 42.3 mg·L -1 was completely degraded by USTB-05 within 36 h,which was a relatively high biodegradation rate of MC-RR.With the cell-free extract(CE)of Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05,MC-RR was biodegraded at a more rapid biodegradation rate compared with its strain,so that initial MC-RR of 42.3 mg·L -1 was completely biodegraded within 10 h.During the bio-reaction of MC-RR catalyzed by CE,two intermediate metabolites and a dead-end product of MC-RR were observed on HPLC profiles and all of them had similar scanning profiles in the wavelength from 200 to 300 nm,indicating that the group of Adda in all products of MC-RR remained intact.

Research and development of seismic base isolation technique for civil engineering structures

Base isolation is one of the most promising alternatives among the structure control methods. In recent decades, base isolation has been seriously considered for civil structures, such as buildings and bridges, subjected to ground motion. The research achievements and development of seismic base isolation technique for civil structures in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) are introduced. The achievements include project applications, experimental research results and theoretical innovation.

Information for Authors

The Journal of Ocean University of China（Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research）is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fields covered include the physical,chemical,biological,geological,environmental,engineering and technological aspects of these sciences.The types of papers include research papers,notes,technical reports,science and technology letters,reviews and overviews,etc.

Articulating China's Science and Technology:Knowledge Collaboration Networks Within and Beyond the Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis in China

In this paper, we reconsider the defining but often overlooked ‘hinge' function of megalopolises by analyzing how megalopolises have articulated national and international urban systems in the context of a globalizing knowledge economy. Taking the case of China's Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region, we particularly focus on knowledge circulation within and beyond the YRD region by analyzing the pattern and process of knowledge collaboration at different geographical scales during the 2004–2014 period. Results show that the structure of scientific knowledge collaboration as reflected by co-publications has been strongest at the national scale whereas that of technological knowledge collaboration as measured by co-patents has been strongest at the global scale. Despite this difference, the structure of both scientific and technological knowledge collaboration has been functionally polycentric at the megalopolitan scale but become less so at the national and global scales. The ‘globally connected but locally disconnected' pattern of Shanghai's external knowledge collaboration suggests that the gateway role of the YRD megalopolis in promoting knowledge collaboration at different geographical scales will take time before it is fully realized.

Scientifical Researches and Applications Achieved in Romania in the Period of Tempus 1919-1929

At the end of 20th Century, the electric energy became a new indicator of world civilization. The era of electricity also put his mark on the Romanian alveolus of civilization. The paper deals with an analysis of the scientific researches and applications which express the results of works of eminent scientists and engineers in electro-techniques and related domains, in Romania, in the first decade of interwar period 1919-1929. The scientific activities developed in many domains of Science are sustained by the significant technical progress in Romania, in this short but relevant period of Tempus in which, in Europe and in other parts of Civitas Terra, was peace.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of duodenum:a cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Objective:The aim of the study was to report an anemia patient with melena for five years caused by duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), who required surgical treatment. Methods: A 44-year old man present with anemia appearance was admitted to our center (Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China) due to sustaining melena for five years. Endoscopy found no special mucosal abnormalities in the duodenal lumen. Computed Tomography showed a well-demarcated mass, 7.4 cm in diameter, located between the C loop of duodenum and pancreatic head. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy and right hemicolectomy were performed when the patient's general conditions were improved. He recuperated successfully and was discharged on the 21st postoperative day. No complications happened during the period of hospital stay. Results: Histological and immunohistochemical study revealed a high risk invasive duodenal GIST which was positive for CD117, CD34, α-smooth muscle actin and negative for S-100. Conclusion: Duodenal GIST can be a source of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage; surgical treatment is still a reasonable choice for the patients with invasive duodenal GIST.

Study on university teachers＇ career development complying with the connotative development in Shanxi province Taking young English teacher from Shaanxi University of Science and Technology for example

With the development of higher education in China, the social responsibility undertaken by higher education is becoming more and more obvious and knowledge innovation in universities, scientific research, teaching and others have played an important role for social and economic development. And the agent and practitioner of all the nature and content of these are teachers in universities and colleges which are the main power of education, teaching and research. Highly qualified team of teachers have an important value for higher education. New mode of higher education has also undergone a significant change from denotative growth gradually to connotative development concerning over personnel training and teaching quality, which bring up more requirements for the quality and ability of university teachers. Thus we will put forward a comprehensive analysis of how to comply with cormotative development and come up with new strategy of teachers＇ pro fessional development.

Efficient synthesis of 1,6-hexamethylene diurethane through coupling transesterification and methoxycarbonylation with methyl phenyl carbonate as intermediate

A reaction coupling system of transesterification and methoxycarbonylation with methyl phenyl carbonate （MPC） as intermediate was established to efficiently prepare 1,6-hexamethylene diurethane （HDU） from 1,6- bexametbylene diamine （HDA）. The feasibility of the system was explored using the thermodynamics analysis, the reaction mechanism and the experiment results. The optimal reaction was carried out to get higher HDU yield. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the metboxycarbonylation of HDA with MPC, the Gibbs free energy of which was negative, was a spontaneous process. Furthermore, the equilibrium constant of the methoxycarbonylation of HDA with MPC was much greater than that of the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate （DMC） with phenol, so the reaction coupling could be realized under mild conditions. The reaction mechanism analysis indicated that phenoxy anion was the key spedes for reaction coupling. Higher MPC concentration was detected when sodium phenoxide was used as transesterification reactant with DMC, since the phenoxy anion of sodium phenoxide could be dissociated more easily. Sodium pbenoxide was more suitable to prepare HHDU through reaction coupling. A yield of HDU as high as 98.3% could be reached under the optimal conditions of mPhONa/mDMC = 0.027 and nDMC/nHDa = 8/1 at 90 ℃ in 2 h.

Self-Regulated Reading Comprehension Strategy Selection Through Diagnostic-Prescriptive Instruction： A Case Study

This demonstration of concept applies diagnostic-prescriptive reading instruction, a methodology useo m omteu atd^u~ developmental education, toward improving reading comprehension and self-regulated comprehension strategy selection in Chinese postsecondary education. A single tutor, also the researcher, works closely with one Chinese university student to develop student-centered comprehension strategies that she can practice on her own. After a battery of formal and informal assessments and interviews, decoding and understanding deficiencies are identified, characterized, and discussed. Both the student and her tutor develop and execute a study plan, which was completed during the spring semester of 2010 at Sha＇anxi University of Science and Technology （SUST） in Xi＇an, People＇s Republic of China （PRC）. By focusing on the subject＇s primary decoding deficiency, spelling, and her primary understanding deficiency, lack of background knowledge, the subject and her reading tutor are able to strategically tackle five reading comprehension goals： （1） spelling; （2） phonemic awareness; （3） noticing structural and cohesive elements; （4） comparing argumentative and evaluative texts; and （5） analyzing expository texts in business and economics. A final discussion analyzes both qualitative and quantitative data, including unexpected discoveries such as the salience of cohesion in reading comprehension and the cultural biases of standardized reading assessments.

Investigation of ＂Four-Two-Three＂ System of Individualization Fostering Model -Taking College of Economics and Management of Hebei University of Science and Technology as an Example

＂Four-Two-Three＂ training mode system, based on the social development needs of talent personalized, divides the training process of eight semesters in four years into ＂category training＂, ＂professional training＂ and ＂personalized training＂ and phased build talent training mode of ＂four disciplines platform ＋ two capability group lessons ＋ three development path＂. In this paper, we take College of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology as an example, explained principles, fi＇amework and content, and measures of personnel training mode and other issues in details and made a smooth implementation of security mechanism in training mode.

A Glance at Science-Related Museums on the Chinese Mainland

Science-related museums are a special kind of museum concerned with science,technology,the natural world,and other relevant issues.On the Chinese mainland,the emergence and development of science-related museums have been influenced by both Western culture and Chinese culture and society.These museums,which include science and technology museums,science centers,specialized museums,and scientific sites,play multiple roles,acting as bases for popular science and patriotic education,research institutes,etc.Today,such museums are attracting more and more public and scholarly attention.