Mao抏rshan region is a representative natural secondary forested region in the eastern mountainous region, north-east of China. Under the support of ARC/INFO, the landscape pattern and landscape diversity of Maoerhsha...Mao抏rshan region is a representative natural secondary forested region in the eastern mountainous region, north-east of China. Under the support of ARC/INFO, the landscape pattern and landscape diversity of Maoerhshan region were studied by combining the forest type map (1:10000), which was drawn from the aerial photographs (1999), field investigation and land utilization map (1:10000). The selected indices included patch number, patch size, patch density index, richness index, dominance index, evenness index and diversity index. The results showed that the landscape dominant forest type in Mao抏rshan region was softwood broad-leaved forest. In all landscape types, the average patch area of natural secondary for-ests was bigger than that of artificial forest. The patch density index of each landscape formed in artificial forest was higher than that of natural secondary forest. The landscape diversity index and landscape evenness index of natural forest were highest, the landscape heterogeneity was also, but the landscape dominance was lower. In natural forest, the control effects of landscape elements on landscape-structure, function and its change were weakened. The artificial forest was on the contrary.展开更多
AIM: To study the long-term therapeutic effect of 'heartshaped' anastomosis for Hirschsprung's disease.METHODS: From January 1986 to October 1997, we performed one-stage 'heart-shaped' anastomosis ...AIM: To study the long-term therapeutic effect of 'heartshaped' anastomosis for Hirschsprung's disease.METHODS: From January 1986 to October 1997, we performed one-stage 'heart-shaped' anastomosis for 193 patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD). One hundred and fiftytwo patients were followed up patients (follow-up rate 79%).The operative outcome and postoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS: Early complications included urine retention in 2patients, enteritis in 10, anastomotic stricture in 1, and intestinal obstruction in 2. No infection of abdominal cavity or wound and anastomotic leakage or death occurred in any patients. Late complications were present in 22 cases,including adhesive intestinal obstruction in 2, longer anal in 5, incision hernia in 2, enteritis in 6, occasional stool stains in 7 and 6 related with improper diet. No constipation or incontinence occurred in any patient.CONCLUSION: The early and late postoperative complication rates were 7.8% and 11.4% respectively in our 'heartshaped anastomosis' procedure. 'Heart-shaped'anastomosis procedure for Hirschsprung's disease provides a better therapeutic effect compared to classic procedures.展开更多
This paper presents ambient noise analysis during rough weather, using time series measurements from an automated noise measurement system in the shallow southwest Bay of Bengal during October–November 2010. The peri...This paper presents ambient noise analysis during rough weather, using time series measurements from an automated noise measurement system in the shallow southwest Bay of Bengal during October–November 2010. The period witnessed low-pressure events including depressions and cyclones, with JAL cyclone passing close to the measurement site. The time series noise level shows a shift in mid-October, after which deep depressions and cyclones formed, with an average increase of 5–10 dB in the lower band and 2–3 dB in the higher band of frequencies. Furthermore, correlation between noise level and wave height(data from wave rider buoy deployed at the site) for sea state scale 3 and above shows good correlation with an increase in noise level with increase in wave height, the effect being most pronounced at 0.5 kHz. The noise captured during JAL was analysed to identify the spectrum components due to convective precipitation and heavy wind/wave activity and shows anomalously high levels during the crossing of the cyclone. Rain noise spectra from the rain bands associated with the wall of the cyclone are reported. This has been correlated with radar refl ectivity measurements to ascertain the presence of rain, and discriminate between convective and stratiform types. Also, vertical directionality pattern of ambient noise during JAL showed clearly distinct surface contributions. On the whole, knowledge of ambient noise fields during high sea states and precipitation is useful in optimizing SONAR performance. The findings at the study site have been compared with measurements from other shallow water locations during rough weather.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the relationship between mutations of rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene and Chinese patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD), and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of famili...AIM: To investigate the relationship between mutations of rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene and Chinese patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD), and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of familial HD patient at the molecular level.METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood of probands and their relatives in two genealogies.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, which were amplified using specific primers (RET, exons 11, 13, 15and 17), were electrophoresed to analyze the single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) patterns. The positive amplified products were sequenced. Forty-eight sporadic HD patients and 30 normal children were screened for mutations of RET proto-oncogene simultaneously.RESULTS: Three cases with HD in one family were found to have a G heterozygous insertion at nucleotide 18 974 in exon 13 of RET cDNA (18 974insG), which resulted in a frameshift mutation. In another family, a heterozygosity for T to G transition at nucleotide 18 888 in the same exon which resulted in a synonymous mutation of Leu at codon 745 was detected in the proband and his father. Eight RET mutations were confirmed in 48 sporadic HD patients.CONCLUSION: Mutations of RET proto-oncogene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Chinese patients with HD. Detection of mutated RET proto-oncogene carriers may be used for genetic counseling of potential risk for HD in the affected families.展开更多
In 1998, the Chinese Government implemented the NFPP （Natural Forest Protection Program）, which included logging restrictions, protected areas, replanting, and a range of other policies aimed at safeguarding the sta...In 1998, the Chinese Government implemented the NFPP （Natural Forest Protection Program）, which included logging restrictions, protected areas, replanting, and a range of other policies aimed at safeguarding the state of the country＇s forests and reducing the risk of erosion and flooding. A second phase of this program is currently being discussed. In this paper, contingent valuation is used to estimate the WTP （willingness to pay） for maintaining the program among the inhabitants in Heilongjiang Province in northern China. The results show that, even with fairly conservative assumptions, the aggregated WTP for maintaining the program for another five years is some 3.24 billion yuan per year. This can be compared with the current cost of the Program in the province, which is some 1.57 billion yuan per year.展开更多
Dragon fruit （Hylocereus undulates） was planted in a large area of karst region in recent years. To understand whether karst drought may impact on its physiological process is important and useful for planning and m...Dragon fruit （Hylocereus undulates） was planted in a large area of karst region in recent years. To understand whether karst drought may impact on its physiological process is important and useful for planning and management of this fruit. In this study, we contrasted with a relative species Hylocereus undatus, and set up experiment to study physiological and biochemical trait and its response to different karst soil water level deficiency, so as to understand the mechanism of H. undulates and H. undatus in adaptation to karst drought condition. The results showed that, trends of physiological and biochemical response to drought was similar between two species. With the intensive of soil water deficiency, such toxin substance as malonaldehyde （MDA） increased, but meanwhile, two protective enzymes superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidases （POD） and osmotic adjustment Proline （Pro） increase as well. Under relative water content （RWC） 〉50% condition, the enzyme can effectively protect the cells from toxin MDA injure, and Pro can also maintain the water needs through osmotic adjustment. However, under RWC 〈 40% condition, protective enzymes were not enough for cleaning MDA. Biomass was largest under RWC=70%-80%, with low root shoot ratio and high aboveground biomass. Biomass significantly decreased under RWC 30%-40%, which decline by 73.28% and 73.56% in H. undulates and H. undatus respectively. Therefore, RWC=70%-80% would be an optimal soil moisture while developing dragon fruit in karst, which is favor to fruit production. Under moderate drought e.g. RWC=50%-60%, plants may regulate by metabolic process and balance unfavorable substance, but it allocated much more biomass to root, reduced the aboveground biomass, which is not advance for fruit production.展开更多
文摘Mao抏rshan region is a representative natural secondary forested region in the eastern mountainous region, north-east of China. Under the support of ARC/INFO, the landscape pattern and landscape diversity of Maoerhshan region were studied by combining the forest type map (1:10000), which was drawn from the aerial photographs (1999), field investigation and land utilization map (1:10000). The selected indices included patch number, patch size, patch density index, richness index, dominance index, evenness index and diversity index. The results showed that the landscape dominant forest type in Mao抏rshan region was softwood broad-leaved forest. In all landscape types, the average patch area of natural secondary for-ests was bigger than that of artificial forest. The patch density index of each landscape formed in artificial forest was higher than that of natural secondary forest. The landscape diversity index and landscape evenness index of natural forest were highest, the landscape heterogeneity was also, but the landscape dominance was lower. In natural forest, the control effects of landscape elements on landscape-structure, function and its change were weakened. The artificial forest was on the contrary.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.39670746
文摘AIM: To study the long-term therapeutic effect of 'heartshaped' anastomosis for Hirschsprung's disease.METHODS: From January 1986 to October 1997, we performed one-stage 'heart-shaped' anastomosis for 193 patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD). One hundred and fiftytwo patients were followed up patients (follow-up rate 79%).The operative outcome and postoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS: Early complications included urine retention in 2patients, enteritis in 10, anastomotic stricture in 1, and intestinal obstruction in 2. No infection of abdominal cavity or wound and anastomotic leakage or death occurred in any patients. Late complications were present in 22 cases,including adhesive intestinal obstruction in 2, longer anal in 5, incision hernia in 2, enteritis in 6, occasional stool stains in 7 and 6 related with improper diet. No constipation or incontinence occurred in any patient.CONCLUSION: The early and late postoperative complication rates were 7.8% and 11.4% respectively in our 'heartshaped anastomosis' procedure. 'Heart-shaped'anastomosis procedure for Hirschsprung's disease provides a better therapeutic effect compared to classic procedures.
文摘This paper presents ambient noise analysis during rough weather, using time series measurements from an automated noise measurement system in the shallow southwest Bay of Bengal during October–November 2010. The period witnessed low-pressure events including depressions and cyclones, with JAL cyclone passing close to the measurement site. The time series noise level shows a shift in mid-October, after which deep depressions and cyclones formed, with an average increase of 5–10 dB in the lower band and 2–3 dB in the higher band of frequencies. Furthermore, correlation between noise level and wave height(data from wave rider buoy deployed at the site) for sea state scale 3 and above shows good correlation with an increase in noise level with increase in wave height, the effect being most pronounced at 0.5 kHz. The noise captured during JAL was analysed to identify the spectrum components due to convective precipitation and heavy wind/wave activity and shows anomalously high levels during the crossing of the cyclone. Rain noise spectra from the rain bands associated with the wall of the cyclone are reported. This has been correlated with radar refl ectivity measurements to ascertain the presence of rain, and discriminate between convective and stratiform types. Also, vertical directionality pattern of ambient noise during JAL showed clearly distinct surface contributions. On the whole, knowledge of ambient noise fields during high sea states and precipitation is useful in optimizing SONAR performance. The findings at the study site have been compared with measurements from other shallow water locations during rough weather.
基金Supported by the Fund for Excellent Young Talented Persons by Public Health Ministry of China, and Analysis and Testing Foundation of Zhejiang Province, No. 99075
文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship between mutations of rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene and Chinese patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD), and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of familial HD patient at the molecular level.METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood of probands and their relatives in two genealogies.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, which were amplified using specific primers (RET, exons 11, 13, 15and 17), were electrophoresed to analyze the single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) patterns. The positive amplified products were sequenced. Forty-eight sporadic HD patients and 30 normal children were screened for mutations of RET proto-oncogene simultaneously.RESULTS: Three cases with HD in one family were found to have a G heterozygous insertion at nucleotide 18 974 in exon 13 of RET cDNA (18 974insG), which resulted in a frameshift mutation. In another family, a heterozygosity for T to G transition at nucleotide 18 888 in the same exon which resulted in a synonymous mutation of Leu at codon 745 was detected in the proband and his father. Eight RET mutations were confirmed in 48 sporadic HD patients.CONCLUSION: Mutations of RET proto-oncogene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Chinese patients with HD. Detection of mutated RET proto-oncogene carriers may be used for genetic counseling of potential risk for HD in the affected families.
文摘In 1998, the Chinese Government implemented the NFPP （Natural Forest Protection Program）, which included logging restrictions, protected areas, replanting, and a range of other policies aimed at safeguarding the state of the country＇s forests and reducing the risk of erosion and flooding. A second phase of this program is currently being discussed. In this paper, contingent valuation is used to estimate the WTP （willingness to pay） for maintaining the program among the inhabitants in Heilongjiang Province in northern China. The results show that, even with fairly conservative assumptions, the aggregated WTP for maintaining the program for another five years is some 3.24 billion yuan per year. This can be compared with the current cost of the Program in the province, which is some 1.57 billion yuan per year.
基金the National Science and Technology Support Program(2012BAC16B01,2012BAC16B02)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41172313)
文摘Dragon fruit （Hylocereus undulates） was planted in a large area of karst region in recent years. To understand whether karst drought may impact on its physiological process is important and useful for planning and management of this fruit. In this study, we contrasted with a relative species Hylocereus undatus, and set up experiment to study physiological and biochemical trait and its response to different karst soil water level deficiency, so as to understand the mechanism of H. undulates and H. undatus in adaptation to karst drought condition. The results showed that, trends of physiological and biochemical response to drought was similar between two species. With the intensive of soil water deficiency, such toxin substance as malonaldehyde （MDA） increased, but meanwhile, two protective enzymes superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidases （POD） and osmotic adjustment Proline （Pro） increase as well. Under relative water content （RWC） 〉50% condition, the enzyme can effectively protect the cells from toxin MDA injure, and Pro can also maintain the water needs through osmotic adjustment. However, under RWC 〈 40% condition, protective enzymes were not enough for cleaning MDA. Biomass was largest under RWC=70%-80%, with low root shoot ratio and high aboveground biomass. Biomass significantly decreased under RWC 30%-40%, which decline by 73.28% and 73.56% in H. undulates and H. undatus respectively. Therefore, RWC=70%-80% would be an optimal soil moisture while developing dragon fruit in karst, which is favor to fruit production. Under moderate drought e.g. RWC=50%-60%, plants may regulate by metabolic process and balance unfavorable substance, but it allocated much more biomass to root, reduced the aboveground biomass, which is not advance for fruit production.
