变“盆地效应”为“太阳效应”——关于2010年前湖北建材新型工业化规划的思考

正如湖北三面环山的盆地一样,湖北省过去的建材工业也呈现出“盆地效应”,借着地理的优势和交通的便利,很多来自省外的建材产品特别是高档建筑卫生陶瓷、新型建筑装饰装修材料均流入此地。如今,湖北省建材行业管理办公室提出建材工业要走新型工业化道路,加快发展和产业升级,发展外向型经济,争取将高质量的产品向外辐射,形成“太阳效应”,促进地方经济的繁荣。

Proton Irradiation and Thermal Annealing of GaAs Solar Cells

The investigation on proton irradiation and thermal annealing of AlGaAs/GaAs solar cells has been reported.The energy of the proton irradiation is 325keV and the fluences are ranging from 5×10 10 to 1×10 13 cm -2 .It is demonstrated that the irradiation-induced degradation in the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells exists mainly in the short circuit current and the irradiation damage can be partly recovered by low temperature annealing at 200℃.In addition,it is found that the borosilicate cover glass has an obvious protection effect against the proton irradiation.

Practical Realization of a Hybrid Solution for Photovoltaic and Photothermal Conversion

In this paper, an idea and a realization of a hybrid Operational solar system is presented and practically verified discussed on the base of the performance and efficiency results, is confirmed. solution for photovoltaic and photothermal conversion is presented. by the series of experiments. Improvements of the construction are The synergy effect ofphotothermal and photovoltaic part cooperation

Recent progress on advanced design for photoelectrochemical reduction of CO_2 to fuels

The energy crisis and global warming become severe issues. Solar-driven CO2 reduction provides a promising route to confront the predicaments, which has received much attention. The photoelectrochemical（PEC） process,which can integrate the merits of both photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, boosts splendid talent for CO2 reduction with high efficiency and excellent selectivity. Recent several decades have witnessed the overwhelming development of PEC CO2 reduction. In this review, we attempt to systematically summarize the recent advanced design for PEC CO2 reduction. On account of basic principles and evaluation parameters, we firstly highlight the subtle construction for photocathodes to enhance the efficiency and selectivity of CO2 reduction, which includes the strategies for improving light utilization, supplying catalytic active sites and steering reaction pathway.Furthermore, diversiform novel PEC setups are also outlined.These exploited setups endow a bright window to surmount the intrinsic disadvantages of photocathode, showing promising potentials for future applications. Finally, we underline the challenges and key factors for the further development of PEC CO2 reduction that would enable more efficient designs for setups and deepen systematic understanding for mechanisms.

Enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by the synergetic effect of NaYF_4:Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+) and g-C_3N_4

TiO2-NaYF4：Er^3＋/Yb^3＋-C3N4 composite photoanodes were successfully designed for the first time. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of TiO2-NaYF4：Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ C3N4 composite cell can result an efficiency of 7.37%, which is higher than those of pure TiO2 cell and TiO2-C3N4 composite cell. The enhancement of the efficiency can be attributed to the synergetic effect of NaYF4：Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ and C3N4. Elec- trochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed that the interfacial resistance of the TiO2-dyelI3^-/I^- electrolyte interface of TiO2-NaYF4：Er^3＋/Yb^3＋-C3N4 composites cell was much smaller than that of pure TiO2 cell. In addition, the TiO2-NaYF4：Er^3＋/Yb^3＋-C3N4 composite cell had longer electron recombination time and shorter electron transport time than that of pure TiO2 cell.

Performance evaluation of a micro turbo-expander for application in low-temperature solar electricity generation

A micro turbo-expander capable of high working speed was specially manufactured for use in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC).A series of tests were executed to examine the performance of the machine.In the experiment,the machine was tested under different inlet pressure conditions (0.2-0.5 MPa).Data such as the compressed air pressure,temperatures of the inlet and the outlet,rotational speed,and electric power generation were analyzed to discover underlying relationships.During the test,the rotational speed of the machine reached as high as 54 000 r/min,the peak value of the temperature drop between the inlet and the outlet reached 42 ℃,the maximum electric power generated by the motor-generator attached to the machine reached 630 W,and the efficiency of the machine reached 0.43.

Highly efficient organic solar cells enabled by a porous ZnO/PEIE electron transport layer with enhanced light trapping

In this study,a porous inorganic/organic(ZnO/PEIE,where PEIE is polyethylenimine ethoxylated)(P-ZnO)hybrid material has been developed and adopted in the inverted organic solar cells(OSCs).The P-ZnO serving as the electron transport layer(ETL)not only presents an ameliorative work function,but also forms the cratered surface with increased ohmic contact area,revealing suppressed charge recombination and enhanced charge extraction in devices.Particularly,P-ZnO-based OSCs show improved light trapping in the active layer compared with ZnO-based ones.The universality of P-ZnO serving as ETL for efficient OSCs is verified on three photovoltaic systems of PBDB-T/DTPPSe-2 F,PM6/Y6,and PTB7-Th/PC_(71)BM.The enhancements of 8%in power conversion efficiency(PCE)can be achieved in the state-of-the-art OSCs based on PBDB-T/DTPPSe-2F,PM6/Y6,and PTB7-Th/PC_(71)BM,delivering PCEs of 14.78%,16.57%,and 9.85%,respectively.Furthermore,a promising PCE of14.13%under air-processed condition can be achieved for PZnO/PBDB-T/DTPPSe-2F-based OSC,which is among the highest efficiencies reported for air-processed OSCs in the literature.And the P-ZnO/PBDB-T/DTPPSe-2F-based device also presents superior long-term storage stability whether in nitrogen or ambient air-condition without encapsulation,which can maintain over 85%of its initial efficiency.Our results demonstrate the great potential of the porous hybrid PZnO as ETL for constructing high-performance and air-stable OSCs.

Surface plasmonic effect and scattering effect of Au nanorods on the performance of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells

The surface plasmonic effect and scattering effect of gold nanorods(AuNRs) on the performance of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on the blend of polythiophene and fullerene are investigated.AuNRs enhance the excitation since the plasmonic effect increases the electric field,mainly in the area near the interface between the active layer and AuNRs.The results show that the incident photo-to-electron conversion efficiency(IPCE) obviously increases for the device with a layer of gold nanorods,resulting from the plasmonic effect of AuNRs in the range of 500-670 nm and the scattering effect in the range of 370-410 nm.The power conversion efficiency(PCE) is increased by 7.6% due to the near field effect of the localized surface plasmons(LSP) of AuNRs and the scattering effect.The short circuit current density is also increased by 9.1% owing to the introduction of AuNRs.However,AuNRs can cause a little deterioration in open circuit voltage.

Field-effect passivation on silicon nanowire solar cells

Surface recombination represents a handicap for high-efficiency solar cells. This is especially important for nanowire array solar cells, where the surface-to-volume ratio is greatly enhanced. Here, the effect of different passivation materials on the effective recombination and on the device performance is experimentally analyzed. Our solar cells are large area top-down axial n-p junction silicon nanowires fabricated by means of Near-Field Phase-Shift Lithography （NF-PSL）. We report an efficiency of 9.9% for the best cell, passivated with a SiO2/SiNx stack. The impact of the presence of a surface fixed charge density at the silicon/oxide interface is studied.

Sn precursor enables 12.4%efficient kesterite solar cell from DMSO solution with open circuit voltage deficit below 0.30 V

The limiting factor preventing further performance improvement of the kesterite(sulfide Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS),selenide Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTSe),and their alloying Cu2Zn Sn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe))thin film solar cells is the large open-circuit voltage deficit(Voc,def)issue,which is 0.345 V for the current world record device with an efficiency of 12.6%.In this study,SnCl4 and Sn Cl2·2H2O were respectively used as tin precursor to investigate the Voc,def issue of dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)solution processed CZTSSe solar cells.Different complexations of tin compounds with thiourea(Tu)and DMSO resulted in different reaction pathways from the solution to the absorber material and thus dramatic differences in photovoltaic performance.The coordination of Sn^2+with Tu led to the formation of SnS,ZnS and Cu2S in the precursor film,which converted to selenides first and then fused to CZTSSe,resulting in poor film quality and device performance.The highest efficiency obtained from this film was 8.84%with a Voc,def of 0.391 V.The coordination of Sn4+with DMSO facilitated direct formation of CZTS phase in the precursor film which directly converted to CZTSSe during selenization,resulting in compositional uniform absorber and high device performance.A device with an active area efficiency of 12.2%and a Voc,def of 0.344 V was achieved from the Sn^4+solution processed absorber.Furthermore,CZTSSe/Cd S heterojunction heat treatment(JHT)significantly improved the performance of the Sn^4+device but had slightly negative effect on the Sn2+device.A champion CZTSSe solar cell with a total area efficiency of 12.4%(active area efficiency of 13.6%)and a low Voc,def of 0.297 V was achieved from the Sn^4+solution.Our results demonstrate the preformed uniform CZTSSe phase enabled by Sn4+precursor is the key for the highly efficient CZTSSe absorber.The lowest Voc,def and high efficiency achieved here shines new light on the future of CZTSSe solar cell.