关于《文选》编目次第之“彼此失照”问题——《文选》编次作家“失序”与“彼此失照”现象研究之二

Similar inconsistence in catalogue and sequence in WenXuan(or The Selected Works) has widely been found in the one-author books which were not compiled in haste. Therefore, it is of no essential significance to investigate whether or not the book was compiled by one author and whether it was written in haste. That might not be a problem for the compilers, but proves to be an obvious problem for the researchers. In Luo Hong-kai’s Introduction to WenXuan, similar or more serious problems can be detected, which proves persuasively the point.

课堂“失序”的意义与调控

“失序”与调控的问题,实质上也是预设与生成的问题。正确地调控“失序”或对待生成,最能体现出教师的机智与价值。教师必须善于发现和发掘生成问题中的教学价值,科学地驾驭,去实现最佳的教学效果。

关于《文选》编目次第的“失序”问题——《文选》编次作家“失序”与“彼此失照”现象研究之一

《文选》并非仓促成书。《文选》本身的确存在“失序”问题,然这是一种似失而非失的正常的现象,它较为普遍地存在于古今的书文中。因此,据此以考察《文选》是否仓促成书或是否出众人之手,均没有任何实质性的意义。况且,《文选》完成时,萧统仍说“居多暇日”。它只是表明:萧统在编撰是书的具体实践中,只是注意不让作家朝代倒置,而对同一时期的作家之序次则不像其在《序》中说的那么严格:实践与理论,存在着差距。

世界进入新旧国际秩序过渡期

世界进入21世纪以来，在全球经济持续低迷、复苏缓慢的背景下，人类目睹了全球化与“去全球化”的同步发展，地缘政治分量加重引发不少地区陷入混乱和“失序”，全球治理内在缺陷导致的治理体系进一步碎片化。各国都开始思考世界秩序的调整和重塑问题。

高等院校新闻教育发展的现实困境及其反思

新闻机构应主要是新闻学专业毕业生的对口就业单位,然而现实情况是,有大量的新闻媒体职位被其他专业的毕业生获得,造成新闻专业毕业生就业难的局面加剧。有学者认为这种状况暴露出的问题是:新闻学专业的可替代性很强,新闻学专业教育缺乏足够的核心竞争力。究竟如何看待新闻学专业的核心竞争力问题?新闻学专业的核心竞争力何在?如何强化新闻学专业的核心竞争力?为此新闻学专业教学应如何改革?等等。就以上问题,本刊组织陕西五所高校新闻传播学者围绕"新闻学专业的核心竞争力"问题进行多维度的探讨,以期深化对新闻学专业学科规律的认识。

用法治精神重建社会管理“最后一公里”

在快速城市化进程中，一个又一个村庄消失了，传统的管理通道和管理方式面临严峻挑战。如何有效管理这些暂时“失序”的人群，成为摆在管理者面前的一个重要问题。同时，随着拥有个人住房产权的群体越来越多，社区管理的通道也遇到了梗阻，私人住宅成了“非请莫入”的禁地。

Distortion Identification Technique Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform in Video Stabilization

A distortion identification technique is presented based on Hilbert-Huang transform to identify distortion model and distortion frequency of distorted real-world image sequences. The distortion model is identified simply based on Hilbert marginal spectral analysis after empirical mode decomposing. And distortion frequency is identified by analyzing the occurrence frequency of instantaneous frequency components of every intrinsic mode functions. Rational digital frequency filter with suitable cutoff frequency is designed to remove undesired fluctuations based on identification results. Experimental results show that this technique can identify distortion model and distortion frequency of displacement sequence accurately and efficiently. Based on identification results, distorted image sequence can be stabilized effectively.

Characteristics of acoustic emission temporal sequences during the failure of a concrete structure under loading

The characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) signals given off in the course of the failure of a concrete structure is explored based on the laboratory experiments with concrete specimens. It is observed that the failure of a concrete structure experiences three stages divided by two inflexion points on the AE event curve, which are sequentially no damage, damage initiation and propagation, and major failure stages. In the first stage, existing micro cracks and defects are compacted by loading, but no damage propagated, hence few AE signals are detected, and it appears that there exists a nearly linear relationship between the relative stress and relative strain. In the second stage, the AE event frequency increases, implying that micro cracks begin to emerge inside the concrete structure, which is consistent with the damage mechanics. When the load is over 80 % of that breaks the structure, i.e. the maximum load, there is a vertical jump on the AE event count curve, which suggests that the failure propagation speeds up. After the second inflexion point, the AE event density increases faster than before, and there is another jump just before breaking, which indicates a quick propagation stage. These findings are valuable for evaluating the damage situations, and for studying and monitoring the dynamic process of the failure behaviors of a concrete structure.

An optimal stacking order for mid-bond testing cost reduction of 3D IC

In order to solve the problem that the testing cost of the three-dimensional integrated circuit(3D IC)is too high,an optimal stacking order scheme is proposed to reduce the mid-bond test cost.A new testing model is built with the general consideration of both the test time for automatic test equipment(ATE)and manufacturing failure factors.An algorithm for testing cost and testing order optimization is proposed,and the minimum testing cost and optimized stacking order can be carried out by taking testing bandwidth and testing power as constraints.To prove the influence of the optimal stacking order on testing costs,two baselines stacked in sequential either in pyramid type or in inverted pyramid type are compared.Based on the benchmarks from ITC 02,experimental results show that for a 5-layer 3D IC,under different constraints,the optimal stacking order can reduce the test costs on average by 13%and 62%,respectively,compared to the pyramid type and inverted pyramid type.Furthermore,with the increase of the stack size,the test costs of the optimized stack order can be decreased.

Progressive failure analysis of composite structure based on micro- and macro-mechanics models

Based on parameter design language, a program of progressive failure analysis in composite structures is proposed. In this program, the relationship between macro- and micro-mechanics is established and the macro stress distribution of the composite structure is calculated by commercial finite element software. According to the macro-stress, the damaged point is found and the micro-stress distribution of representative volume element is calculated by finite-volume direct averaging micromechanics(FVDAM). Compared with the results calculated by failure criterion based on macro-stress field(the maximum stress criteria and Hashin criteria) and micro-stress field(Huang model), it is proven that the failure analysis based on macro- and micro-mechanics model is feasible and efficient.

Construction of improved rigid blocks failure mechanism for ultimate bearing capacity calculation based on slip-line field theory

Based on the slip-line field theory, a two-dimensional slip failure mechanism with mesh-like rigid block system was constructed to analyze the ultimate bearing capacity problems of rough foundation within the framework of the upper bound limit analysis theorem. In the velocity discontinuities in transition area, the velocity changes in radial and tangent directions are allowed. The objective functions of the stability problems of geotechnical structures are obtained by equating the work rate of external force to internal dissipation along the velocity discontinuities, and then the objective functions are transformed as an upper-bound mathematic optimization model. The upper bound solutions for the objective functions are obtained by use of the nonlinear sequential quadratic programming and interior point method. From the numerical results and comparative analysis, it can be seen that the method presented in this work gives better calculation results than existing upper bound methods and can be used to establish the more accurate plastic collapse load for the ultimate bearing capacity of rough foundation.

Early thrombomodulin-α administration outcome for acute disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in gastrointestinal surgery

AIMTo investigate the efficacy of thrombomodulin (TM)-α for treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) in the field of gastrointestinal surgery.METHODSThirty-six peri-operative DIC patients in the field of gastrointestinal surgery who were treated with TM-α were retrospectively investigated. The relationships between patient demographics and the efficacy of TM-α were examined. Analysis of survival at 28 d was also performed on some parameters by means of the Kaplan-Meier method. Relationships between the initiation of TM-α and patient demographics were also evaluated.RESULTSAbscess formation or bacteremia was the most frequent cause of DIC (33%), followed by digestive tract perforation (31%). Twenty-six patients developed DIC after surgery, frequently within 1 wk (81%). TM-α was most often administered within 1 d of the DIC diagnosis (72%) and was continued for more than 3 d (64%). Although bleeding tendency was observed in 7 patients (19%), a hemostatic procedure was not needed. DIC scores, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) scores, quick-sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) scores, platelet counts, and prothrombin time ratios significantly improved after 1 wk (P < 0.05, for all). The overall survival rate at 28 d was 71%. The duration of TM-α administration (≥ 4 , ≤ 6) and improvements in DIC-associated scores (DIC, SIRS and qSOFA) at 1 wk were significantly better prognostic factors for 28-d survival (P < 0.05, for all). TM-α was administered significantly earlier to patients with severe clinical symptoms, such as high qSOFA scores, sepsis, shock or high lactate values (P < 0.05, for all).CONCLUSIONEarly administration of TM-α and improvements in each parameter were essential for treatment of DIC. The diagnosis of patients with mild symptoms requires further study.

Primary Research on Emergency Self-Rescue Furniture Design for Natural Disasters

In recent years, a large number of natural disasters happened in China, which caused heavy casualties, property losses and destruction of social order. Emergency self-rescue furniture design for natural disasters was taken as the research object in this paper. The definition and meanings of emergency self-rescue furniture were discussed, then the design principles of emergency self-rescue furniture were analyzed, validity of emergency self-rescue furniture design principles and methods for earthquake and flood were verified through demonstrations, finally.

危机迭起的世界，秩序在哪？

去年12月28日亚航QZ8501航班空难，给危机迭起的2014年平添了一分悲剧色彩。1月7日巴黎一家杂志社总部遭恐际袭击，让2015年的开局就笼罩上恐怖主义阴影。值得庆幸的是，2014年没有成为又一个1914年。地区动荡引发的地缘政治危机，没有把世界拖人大国战争的深渊。但值得警惕的是，冷战后还没有哪个年份像2014年那样，如此鲜明地呈现世界“失序”的特征：埃博拉病毒跨国蔓延、种族问血腥冲突、恐怖主义势力抬头。

世界进入新旧国际秩序过渡期

世界进入21世纪以来，在全球经济持续低迷、复苏缓慢的背景下，人类目睹了全球化与“去全球化”的同步发展，地缘政治分量加重引发不少地区陷入混乱和“失序”，全球治理内在缺陷导致的治理体系进一步碎片化。各国都开始思考世界秩序的调整和重塑问题。

助力亚太积极重塑

21世纪进入第二个10年以来，全球经济政治格局的大变动、大调整日益明显，以至于越来越多的国际观察家忧心世界的“失序”与“漂流”。金融危机以来，全球经济的复苏始终是脆弱的，近期连一贯表现突出的德国都不得不面对可能陷入经济衰退的窘境，国际货币基金组织总裁拉加德认为，全球经济正进入一种“新平庸”时代.

Effect of Polyacrylamide Application on Runoff,Erosion,and Soil Nutrient Loss Under Simulated Rainfall

Soil erosion affects soil productivity and environmental quality.A laboratory research experiment under simulated heavy rainfall with tap water was conducted to investigate the effects of anionic polyacrylamide(PAM) application rates(0,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 g m-2) and molecular weights(12 and 18 Mg mol-1) on runoff,soil erosion,and soil nutrient loss at a slope of 5°.The results showed the two lower rates of PAM application decreased runoff while the highest rate increased runoff as compared with the control.Sediment concentration and soil mass loss increased significantly with the increasing PAM application rate.Compared with the control,PAM application decreased K+,NH4+,and NO3-concentrations in sediment and K+ and NH+4 concentrations in runoff,but significantly increased the mass losses of K+,NH4+,and NO-3 over soil surface except for the NH4+ at PAM application rate lower than 1.0 g m-2.PAM application decreased the proportion of K+ loss with runoff to its total mass loss over soil surface from 60.1% to 16.4%.However,it did not affect the NH4+ and NO3-losses with runoff,and more than 86% of them were lost with runoff.A higher PAM molecular weight resulted in less soil erosion and K+ mass loss but had little effect on runoff and NH+4 and NO3-losses.PAM application did not prevent soil erosion and the mass losses of K+ and NO3-under experimental conditions.

Quantitative biostratigraphy and species evolutionary sequence

Introduction of species evolutionary sequence into the quantitative biostratigraphy is a significant work, either for studying biologic evolution or for making stratigraphic correlation and reconstructing geologic history. The quantitative biostratigraphy is to determine biostratigraphic event sequences by using probabilistic analysis. The evolutionary sequence systematics can efficiently ascertain species evolutionary sequences. Two methods have been proposed to determine the sequence of species-disappearance events: (1) species extinction events can be closed by last occurrence events using quantitative biostratigraphic analysis; (2) the duration of a species may be approximately replaced by the duration of its parent species. To combine these two methods for determining the sequence of species disappearance is the best way up to now. A consulting standard sequence that consists of the speciation sequence of Permian waagenophylloid corals and the biostratigraphic event sequence of other important fossils in Permian is used as an example. The group spearman rank-correlation test is used to test the consulting standard sequence by comparing four types of calculations and two kinds of sequences and to find abnormal events. Based on the found abnormal events in the test, the consulting standard sequence is revised to deal with different conditions. Sequences of speciation and species-disappearance, and species duration are determined. Application of species evolutionary sequence to quantitative biostratigraphy can largely improve the quality of biostratigraphic event sequence. In stratigraphic correlation, furthermore, event sequences have higher precision than range biozones.

In-situ measurement of atmospheric CFC-11 at the Shangdianzi Global Atmosphere Watch(GAW) Regional Station

An in-situ GC-ECD system was used to measure halocarbons at Shangdianzi （SDZ） GAW regional station. In this paper, we reported observational results of atmospheric CFC- 11 （CCI3F） mixing ratios from April 2007 to March 2008. The CFC- 11 time series showed large variability. Approximately 62% observed values were filtered as non-background data. The median, 10% and 90% percentiles of CFC-11 background mixing ratios were 245.4 ppt （10-12 mol/mol）, 244.6 ppt and 246.1 ppt, respectively; whereas those of non-background CFC- 11 mixing ratios were 254.7, 246.6 and 272.1 ppt, respectively. Significant differences in background and non-background CFC-11 mixing ratios were observed between summer and autumn, mainly because of the CFC-11 stored in loam being prone to atmospheric release in hot seasons. Comparison of tile SDZ data with the five AGAGE stations suggested agreement with mid-high latitude Northern Hemisphere stations MHD, THD and RPB. The SDZ data were higher than that of Southern Hemisphere stations CGO and SMO. Higher CFC-11 mixing ratios measured in different seasons were always associated with winds from the W-WSW-SW sector, indicating that the airflow coming from this wind sector has a positive contribution to CFC- 11 concentrations. The CFC-11 mixing ratios were higher in autumn and summer than in spring and winter, in which its mixing ratios were very close to the atmospheric background level. This was happened especially when airflow originated from the NNE-NE-ENE-E sector, indicating the air masses coming from these wind directions was relatively clean.

Bayesian Reliability Assessment and Degradation Modeling with Calibrations and Random Failure Threshold

A degradation model with a random failure threshold is presented for the assessment of reliability by the Bayesian approach. This model is different from others in that the degradation process is proceeding under pre-specified periodical calibrations. And here a random threshold distribution instead of a constant threshold which is difficult to determine in practice is used. The system reliability is defined as the probability that the degradation signals do not exceed the random threshold. Based on the posterior distribution estimates of degradation performance, two models for Bayesian reliability assessments are presented in terms of the degradation performance and the distribution of random failure threshold. The methods proposed in this paper are very useful and practical for multi-stage system with uncertain failure threshold. This study perfects the degradation modeling approaches and plays an important role in the remaining useful life estimation and maintenance decision making.