从“头”言说:重读鲁迅《狂人日记》

鲁迅的《狂人日记》发表以来,其评价经历了从"冷寂"期到"癌变"期的转变。如今,"冷寂"期往往被人忽视,《狂人日记》也就有被日渐"神话"的可能。因而,回到文本生产与文本内部之中重读《狂人日记》显得尤为必要。从"头"言说,意味着不仅立足于文本"小序"的思想文化内涵,也注重探究文本生成源头的经验转化技艺,更深入讨论文本呈现的"头"部形象特征以及"狂人""头"部的运转状态。由此尝试回到历史情境之中,揭示出《狂人日记》的文本意涵与鲁迅身体经验、时代社会问题之间的纽结关系,从而进一步认识与理解《狂人日记》的历史意义与现实价值。

摇头飞椅挠性吊挂件的安全可靠性比对分析

摇头飞椅挠性吊挂件的常用方式是圆环链或钢丝绳。本文以圆环链和钢丝绳为研究对象,从承载能力、抗挤压和碰撞能力等几个方面对其使用过程中的安全可靠性进行了比对分析,并就如何提高挠性吊挂件在使用过程中的安全可靠性提出了相关建议。

Effect of Aerodynamically Stabilized Seeker Dynamics on System Analysis

Aim To study the effect of aerodynamically stabilized seeker dynamics on guided bomb system analysis. Methods A thorough analysis of aerodynamically stabilized seeker dynamics was made to show that because of the much smaller time constant, its dynamic model can be greatly simplified. Results and Conclusion In guided bomb guidance/control digital simulation, with the use of the simplified seeker model, simulation time can be reduced without the loss of simulation accuracy.

IMPACTS OF PENETRATION THERAPY WITH HEAD ELECTRICAL ACUPUNCTURE ON PROLIFERATION OF NEURAL STEM CELLS IN SUBSTANTIA NIGRA OF RAT MODEL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Objective To probe into the function mechanism of penetration therapy with head electrical acupuncture on Parkinson＇s disease. Methods Microinjection of 6-hydroxydopamin （6-OHDA） on the left cor- pus striatum was adopted to prepare rotation model of Parkinson^s disease in rat. Penetration therapy with head electrical acupuncture was administered in treatment. Normal group, sham-operation group, model group and penetration therapy group were set up. （1）lmmunohistochemical （IHC） method was used to test the morphology and count of positive cell of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH）. （2）RT-PCR technology was used to detect the expression of nestin mRNA of neural stem cell （NSC）. Results （1）Compared with model group, in pene- tration therapy group, the expressions of TH-positive neurons in immune response were increased in areal density （AD）, numerical density （ND） and integrating optic density （P〈0.05）. （2）Compared with model group, in penetration therapy group, the expression of nestin mRNA was increased （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Penetration therapy with head electrical acupuncture promotes the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in substantia nigra of rat model of Parkinson＇s disease.

Mean shift algorithm based on fusion model for head tracking

To solve the mismatch between the candidate model and the reference model caused by the time change of the tracked head, a novel mean shift algorithm based on a fusion model is provided. A fusion model is employed to describe the tracked head by sampling the models of the fore-head and the back-head under different situations. Thus the fusion head reference model is represented by the color distribution estimated from both the fore- head and the back-head. The proposed tracking system is efficient and it is easy to realize the goal of continual tracking of the head by using the fusion model. The results show that the new tracker is robust up to a 360°rotation of the head on a cluttered background and the tracking precision is improved.

Characteristics analysis of rocket projectile based on intelligent morphing technology

Nose deflection control is a new concept of fast response control model.The partial nose of projectile deflects a certain angle relative to the axis of projectile body and then pressure difference emerges on the windward and leeward sides of warhead.Consequently,aerodynamic control force is generated.This control way has high control efficiency and very good application prospects in the ammunition system.Nose deflection actuator based on smart material and structure enables projectile body morphing to obtain additional aerodynamic force and moment,changes the aerodynamic characteristics in the projectile flight process,produces the corresponding balance angle and sideslip angle resulting in motor overload,adjusts flight moving posture to control the ballistics,finally changes shooting range and improves firing accuracy.In order to study characteristics of self-adaptive control projectile,numerical simulations are conducted by using fluid dynamics software ANSYS FLUENT for stabilized rocket projectile.The aerodynamic characteristics at different nose delectation angles,different Mach numbers and different angles of attack are obtained and compared.The results show that the nose deflection control has great influence on the head of rocket projectile,and it causes the asymmetry of the flow field structure and the increase of pressure differences of the warhead on the windward and leeward surface,which results in a larger lift.Finally,ballistics experiments are done for verification.The results can offer theoretical basis for self-adaptive rocket projectile design and optimization and also provide new ideas and methods for field smart ammunition research.

Application of Predictive Algorithm in Head-Tracking System

The worldwide research status of head tracking is introduced and the works made in the research of the predictive algorithm and in the exploration of the rule of the head tracking are set forth. A time delay model for the telerobotic scout system is built. In respect of eliminating error caused by time delay and making reasonable prediction to the data stream, many methods are experimented in order to realize the aim of real time tracking. The application of extrapolation algorithm and auto recursive algorithm in the orientation tracking is described in detail. These two algorithms are realized in Matlab environment. Through analysis of the curves generated by using these two predictive algorithms, an appropriate method was applied in the telerobotic scout system. The effect is satisfying.

Investigation of compensatory postures with videofluoromanometry in dysphagia patients

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of head compensatory postures to ensure safe oropharyngeal transit. METHODS: A total of 321 dysphagia patients were enrolled and assessed with videofluoromanometry (VFM). The dysphagia patients were classified as follows: safe transit; penetration without aspiration; aspiration before, during or after swallowing; multiple aspirations and no transit. The patients with aspiration or no transit were tested with VFM to determine whether compensatory postures could correct their swallowing disorder. RESULTS: VFM revealed penetration without aspiration in 71 patients (22.1%); aspiration before swallowing in 17 patients (5.3%); aspiration during swallowing in 32 patients (10%); aspiration after swallowing in 21 patients (6.5%); multiple aspirations in six patients (1.9%); no transit in five patients (1.6%); and safe transit in 169 patients (52.6%). Compensatory postures guaranteed a safe transit in 66/75 (88%) patients with aspiration or no transit. A chin-down posture achieved a safe swallow in 42/75 (56%) patients, a head-turned posture in 19/75 (25.3%) and a hyperextended head posture in 5/75 (6.7%). The compensatory postures were not effective in 9/75 (12%) cases. CONCLUSION: VFM allows the speech-language therapist to choose the most effective compensatory posture without a trial-and-error process and check the effectiveness of the posture.

Laryngo-tracheobronchial Amyloidosis:a Case Report and Review of Literature

AMYLOIDOSIS is a benign process which can have systemic involvement. Though larynx is the common site of localized amyloidosis in the head and neck region,I it was seldom reported with heterochronous implication of bilateral ventricles. Here we report a case of laryngeal amyloidosis heterochronously localized at bilateral ventricles with tracheobronchial involvement. Combined with our experience we reviewed the literature, and discuss the pertinent managements of this condition.

Longitudinal type-line optimization of high-speed train for low aerodynamic noise

The basic head shape of high-speed train is determined by its longitudinal type-line(LTL),so it is crucial to optimize its aerodynamic performance.Based on the parametric modeling of LTL constructed by non-uniform relational B-spline(NURBS)and the fluctuation pressure obtained by large eddy simulation(LES),the Kriging surrogate model(KSM)of LTL was constructed for low aerodynamic noise,and the accuracy of the KSM was improved gradually by adding the sample point with maximum expected improvement(EI)and the optimal point from optimization.The optimal objective was searched with genetic algorithm(GA).The results show that the total fluctuation pressure level(FPL)of the optimal LTL can be 8.7 dB less than that of original one,and the shape optimization method is feasible for low aerodynamic noise design.

Core discing characteristics and mitigation approach by a novel developed drill bit in deep rocks

Core discing often occurs in deep rocks under high-stress conditions and has been identified as an important characteristic for deep rock engineering.This paper presents the formation mechanism of core discing firstly.Then,the interaction between diamond drill bits and rock was analyzed based on numerical modeling.A novel drill bit with an inner conical crown for the mitigation of core discing was designed and verified by simulation experiments.The mitigation method was applied in the cavern B1 of CJPL-Ⅱand satisfactory results had been achieved.The percentage of core discing had been obviously decreased from 67.8%when drilling with a rectangular crown drill bit,to 26.5%when an inner conical crown drill bit had been adopted.This paper gives full insight into core discing characteristics and provides a new method for core discing mitigation;it will potentially contribute to stress measurement in deep rock engineering.

Restricting carbohydrates to fight head and neck cancer——is this realistic?

Head and neck cancers(HNCs) are aggressive tumors that typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to cytotoxic therapy and poor prognosis. Due to their location these tumors specifically impair food intake and quality of life, so that prevention of weight loss through nutrition support becomes an important treatment goal. Dietary restriction of carbohydrates(CHOs) and their replacement with fat, mostly in form of a ketogenic diet(KD), have been suggested to accommodate for both the altered tumor cell metabolism and cancer-associated weight loss. In this review, I present three specific rationales for CHO restriction and nutritional ketosis as supportive treatment options for the HNC patient. These are(1) targeting the origin and specific aspects of tumor glycolysis;(2) protecting normal tissue from but sensitizing tumor tissue to radiation- and chemotherapy induced cell kill;(3) supporting body and muscle mass maintenance. While most of these benefits of CHO restriction apply to cancer in general, specific aspects of implementation are discussed in relation to HNC patients. While CHO restriction seems feasible in HNC patients the available evidence indicates that its role may extend beyond fighting malnutrition to fighting HNC itself.

Prophylactic PEG placement in head and neck cancer:How many feeding tubes are unused (and unnecessary)?

AIM:To determine the rate of use and non-use of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) tubes among patients with head and neck cancer(HNC) patients.METHODS:All patients with HNC undergoing PEG between January 01,2004 and June 30,2006 were identified.Patients(or their next-of-kin) were surveyed by phone and all available medical records and cancer registry data were reviewed.Prophylactic PEG was def ined as placement in the absence of dysphagia and prior to radiation or chemoradiation.Each patient with a prophylactic PEG was assessed for cancer diagnosis,type of therapy,PEG use,and complications related to PEG.RESULTS:One hundred and three patients had PEG tubes placed for HNC.Thirty four patients(33%) could not be contacted for follow-up.Of the 23(22.3%) patients with prophylactic PEG tubes,11/23(47.8%) either never used the PEG or used it for less than 2 wk.No association with PEG use vs non-use was observed for cancer diagnosis,stage,or specific cancer treatment.Non-use or limited use was observed in 3/6(50%) treated with radiation alone vs 8/17(47.1%) treated with chemoradiation(P = 1.0),and 3 of 10(30%) treated with surgery vs 8 of 13(62%) not treated with surgery(P = 0.21).Minor complications were reported in 5/23(21.7%).One(4.3%) major complication was reported.CONCLUSION:There is a high rate of unnecessary PEG placement when done prophylactically in patients with head and neck cancer.

Recommendation application for video head impulse test based on fuzzy logic control

Vestibulo-ocular reflex(VOR) is an important biological reflex that controls eye movement to ensure clear vision while the head is in motion.Nowadays,VOR measurement is commonly done with a video head impulse test based on a velocity gain algorithm or a position gain algorithm,in which velocity gain is a VOR calculation on head and eye velocity,whereas position gain is calculated from head and eye position.The aim of this work is first to compare the two algorithms' performance and to detect covert catch-up saccade,then to propose a stand-alone recommendation application for the patient's diagnosis.In the first experiment,for ipsilesional and contralesional sides,the calculated position gain(0.94±0.17) is higher than velocity gain(0.84±0.19).Moreover,gain asymmetry of both lesion and intact sides using velocity gain is mostly higher than that from using position gain(four out of five subjects).Consequently,for subjects who have unilateral vestibular neuritis diagnosed from clinical symptoms and a vestibular function test,vestibular weakness is depicted by velocity gain much better than by position gain.Covert catch-up saccade and position gain then are used as inputs for recommendation applications.

INTERPOLATION OF HEAD-RELATED TRANSFER FUNCTIONS USING SPHERICAL FOURIER EXPANSION

A new interpolation algorithm for Head-Related Transfer Function （HRTF） is proposed to realize 3D sound reproduction via headphones in arbitrary spatial direction. HRTFs are modeled as a weighted sum of spherical harmonics on a spherical surface. Truncated Singular Value Decomposition （SVD） is adopted to calculate the weights of the model. The truncation number is chosen according to Frobenius norm ratio and the partial condition number. Compared with other interpolated methods, our proposed approach not only is continuous but exploits global information of available directions. The HRTF from any desired direction can be and interpolated results demonstrate that our obtained more accurately and robustly. Reconstructed proposed algorithm acquired better performance.

Comparison of two methods for assessing leakage radiation dose around the head of the medical linear accelerators

Objective:The aim of this study was to measure the leakage by two methods with ion chamber and ready packs film,and to investigate the feasibility and the advantages of using two dosimetry methods for assessing leakage radiation around the head of the linear accelerators.Methods:Measurements were performed using a 30 cm3ion chamber;the gantry at 0°,the X-ray head at 0°,the field size at between the central axis and a plane surface at a FSD of 100 as a reference,a series of concentric circles having radii of 50,75,and 100 cm with their common centre at the reference point.The absorbed dose was measured at the reference point,and this would be used as the reference dose.With the diaphragm closed,the measurements were taken along the circumference of the three circles and at 45°intervals.Results:Leakage radiations while the treatment head was in the vertical position varied between 0.016%–0.04%.With the head lying horizontally,leakage radiation was the same order magnitude and varied between 0.02%–0.07%.In the second method,the verification was accomplished by closing the collimator jaws and covering the head of the treatment unit with the ready pack films.The films were marked to permit the determination of their positions on the machine after exposed and processed.With the diaphragm closed,and the ready packs films around the linear accelerator the beam turned on for 2500 cGy(2500 MU).The optical density of these films was measured and compared with this of the reference dose.Leakage radiation varied according to the film positions and the magnitude of leakage was between 0.005%–0.075%.Conclusion:The differences between the values of the leakage radiation levels observed at different measurement points do not only reflect differences in the effective shielding thickness of the head wall,but are also related to differences in the distances between the target and the measurement points.The experimental errors involved in dosimetric measurement also contribute to such differences.

Tracking of human head with particle filter

To cope with the problem of tracking a human head in a complicated scene,we propose a method that adopts human skin color and hair color integrated with a kind of particle filter named condensation algorithm.Firstly,a novel method is presented to set up human head color model using skin color and hair color separately based on region growing.Compared with traditional human face model,this method is more precise and works well when human turns around and the face disappears in the image.Then a novel method is presented to use color model in condensation algorithm more effectively.In this method,a combination of edge detection result,color segmentation result and color edge detection result in an Omega window is used to measure the scale and position of human head in condensation.Experiments show that this approach can track human head in complicated scene even when human turns around or the distance of tracking a human head changes quickly.

A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the head after trauma and radiation therapy

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) firstly described as"malignant fibrous xanthoma"by O' Brien and Stout in 1964, is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of late adult life.Uncertain histogenesis and numerous subtypes make MFH a rather controversial entity.MFH only rare arises from structures of the head and neck.When it does, it most often originates in facial structures, particularly the maxilla.This report details a case of a patient with malignant fibrous histiocytoma presenting clinically as a right-sided large indurated frontoparietal mass, three months after head trauma and eight years after radiation therapy for brain lymphoma located in the right frontal and parietal lobes.Radical excision was a surgical challenge because of the extensiveness of the lesion.

Clinical Application of Blood-letting Therapy

Blood-letting therapy is extensively used in acupuncture clinic. In recent years, the author has applied blood-letting therapy to treat various kinds of diseases, with satisfactory therapeutic results reported in the following.

Interstitial brachytherapy of intracranial germinomas

Objective: To observe the process of tumor response to interstitial brachytherapy of intracranial germinomas during and immediately after the therapy. Methods: Fractionated brachytherapy using 192 Ir was used in 13 patients with intracranial germinomas. The average age at diagnosis was 14.3 years (range 5-27 years). The frequency of fractionation had been increased stepwise from 3 fractionations within 5 d in the past to 26-30 fractionations in 15-20 d at present. Results: Of 9 pineal tumors, the average reduction of tumor volume was 73.2% at a cumulated radiation dose of 20 Gy and 85.3% at 30 Gy, respectively. In 4 cases of basal ganglia and thalamus areas tumors, the reduction of tumor volume was from an average 56.1% at a cumulated radiation dose of 30 Gy to 75.2% at the end of therapy. That intratumoral hemorrhage was absorbed quickly accompanying tumor regression was demonstrated in all but one patient; 6 patients died; 7 patients were still in follow-up without any evidence of tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Interstitial brachytherapy could be given as the first optional therapy for intracranial germinomas. The histological diagnosis of germinomas can be verified by stereotactic biopsy simultaneously. Germinoma is one of the sensitive tumors to interstitial brachytherapy. The radiation injury to surrounding brain tissue could be reduced by using a conformal dynamic brachytherapy.