“奥赛”热的冷思考——教育要防治急功近利的“虚火”

在时下的高考录取中,有一项延续了多年的规定,即给在数学、物理、化学、生物等某一学科奥林匹克竞赛中获得省级一等奖的学生加20分。也许,给“奥赛”一等奖获得者加分的初衷,是为了早出人才和快出人才。这本无可厚非,而且比起众多的高考考生来说,能够享受到这一优惠政策的人只是“凤毛麟角”。然而可怕的是,就是这20分,对学校、学生和学生家长产生了“挡不住的诱惑”,“奥赛”培训正在走向“大众化”、“平民化”、低龄化和规模化,形成了逐渐升温的“奥赛”热。这也许是制定这一优惠政策的教育行政部门始料不及的。我们担心的是,如果任其“热”下去,我们的教育会因“虚火”上升而“伤身”。

数学“奥赛”:价值、问题与对策

数学"奥赛"的教育价值无可置疑,但现实中的一些具体做法却与数学"奥赛"的精神相悖,由此带来一系列的负面效应。对数学"奥赛"的理性反思表明:应对数学"奥赛"有清醒的认识,加强对数学"奥赛"教育学、心理学方面的研究,同时对数学"奥赛"普及与提高要两头抓。

Preliminary Discussion on the Sea Water Quality Status in the 2008 Olympics Boat-sailing Field and Adjacent Area

A cruise of survey in the 2008 Olympics boat-sailing field and adjacent area was carried out on August 28^th, 2003. Preliminarily analysis on the eutrophication status was made on the basis of the content of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）, dissolved inorganic phosphate （PO4-P）, dissolved oxygen（DO） and chemical oxygen demand （COD） as well. The results indicated that in most of the survey area, water quality was in accordance with the 1^st class National Seawater Standard except the average concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon which was beyond the 2^nd class National Seawater Standard. The concentrations of PO4-P as well as DIN were mainly influenced by the runoff or drainage from lands, with a comparatively higher concentration in the coastal areas from the Fushan Bay to the Shilaoren bathing beach. The distribution of eutrophication index （El） showed that part of the survey area was in a state of slight eutrophication The eutrophication was mostly influenced by the land runoff or drainage and related factors. The sea water quality of the Olympic boat-sailing field was fine and just slightly polluted on the whole.

Is acute dyspnea related to oxaliplatin administration?

The standard adjuvant treatment of colon cancer is fluorouracil plus leucovorin. Oxaliplatin improves the efficacy of this combination in patients with stage 111 colon cancer and moreover its toxicity is well tolerable. We describe a rare clinical case of acute dyspnoea probably related to oxaliplatin at one month from the end of the adjuvant treatment. A 74-year-old man developed a locally advanced sigmoid carcinoma （pT3N1M0）. A port a cath attached to an open-ended catheter was implanted in order to administer primary chemotherapy safely according to the FOLFOX4 schedule. One month following the end of the 6^th cycle, the patient referred a persistent cough and moderate dyspnoea. Chest radiography displayed a change in the lung interstitium, chest CT scan confirmed this aspect of adult respiratory distress syndrome, spirometry reported a decreased carbon monoxide diffusion capacity. Antibiotic and corticosteroids were administered for 10 d, then a repeated chest X ray evidenced a progressive pulmonary infiltration. A transbronehial biopsy and cytology did not show an infective process, a CT scan reported radiological abnormalities including linear and nodular densities which were becoming confluents. Antimicotic and antiviral drugs did not evidence any benefit. The antiviral therapy was stopped and high dose metilprednisolone was started. The patient died of pulmonary distress after 10 d.

Oxaliplatin,Fluorouracil and Leucovorin (FOLFOX) as First-line Chemotherapy for Metastatic or Recurrent Colorectal Cancer Patients

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficiency and safety of the oxaliplatin, fluorouracil （5-FU） and leucovorin regimen （FOLFOX）in previously untreated patients with metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer. METHODS Previously untreated patients with metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer received 100 mg/m^2 of oxaliplatin intravenously （Ⅳ） over 2 h on day 1, and Ⅳ 400 mg/m^2 of leucovorin over 2 h followed by a bolus of 400 mg/m^2 of 5-FU. Then 2,600-3,000 mg/m^2 of 5-FU was administered by continuous infusion over 46 h. RESULTS An evaluated response rate was determined for 97 of 105 treated patients. The overall response rate was 35.1%, 9 patients （9.3%） had a complete response and 25 patients （25.8%） a partial response. Thirtytwo patients （33.0%） developed stable disease and 32.0% of the patients progressed. The median time to progression （TTP） was 7.7 months and the median overall survival 20.5 months. One and 2-year survival rates were 68% and 32%. Toxic effects based on the National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria （NCI-CTC）, reaching grade 3/4 were： neutropenia 12.3%, anemia 11.3%, vomiting 4.1% and diarrhea 7.2%. Grade 3 neuropathy was 5.1%. The overall survival rate of patients who had received a radical resection was superior to the patients who had not received a operation, or had received a palliative resection （P=0.0658）. The serum levels of CEA, ALP and LDH had no relationship with survival （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION The FOLFOX regimen containing oxaliplatin, 5-FU plus leucovorin was an efficacious regimen with good tolerability in previously untreated metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer patients.

The influence of physiobiomechanical parameters,technical aspects of shooting,and psychophysiological factors on biathlon performance:A review

The biathlon, an Olympic sporting discipline that combines cross-country skiing with rifle marksmanship, entails considerable physiological demands, as well as fine motor control while shooting after intense exercise and under mental pressure. Although much of our knowledge about cross-country skiing is probably also applicable to the biathlon, carrying the rifle and shooting under stress make this discipline somewhat unique. The present review summarizes and examines the scientific literature related to biathlon performance, with a focus on physiological and biomechanical factors and shooting technique, as well as psychophysiological aspects of shooting performance. We conclude with suggestions for future research designed to extend our knowledge about the biathlon, which is presently quite limited.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

Overview and Comparison to Words of Antiquity Through Homeric Epics

This study aims to examine the relations between languages of antiquity and some words in Homer＇s epics, Iliad and Odyssey, that are considered the first written texts and important in terms of the richness of Greek vocabulary. Although the words in Homeric epics carry a value for ancient Anatolia, there are no studies in this field in our eotmtry. For this purpose, with the help of words we have, we will focus on： （a） bond of these words with Hittite, partially （b） some archaic qualities for some Latin words, developed later and also continued of some ground and phrases in the everyday life in the same region for centuries on the language of the people depending on the oral transmission. At the end of the study, we will discuss the changes of the words in philological level as well as in terms of the letter, sounds and meaning by used words in Homer＇s epics as will be explained in this study.

Reading as Transformational Journey From Homer to Borges

The transformational journey archetype begins long before literature in rites of initiation when a child undergoes a journey full of tests and temptations, perilous encounters in an underworld, and visions that transform the child into a member of a tribe. Before this archetype is translated by the written word into literature, the telling of the story is not just the account of something that happened long ago in the past, but an actual reenactment of the events for the audience. The journey archetype appears in the earliest example of literature, Homer＇s Odyssey, where Homer makes the readers both an observer and participant in the transformation. The journey does not always, as in rites of initiation, involve a child and occur only once in life. Instead, the journey may begin in death and trauma and involve a person who must resume that journey over again as an adult. Such is the fate of Aeneas in Virgil＇s Aeneid whose transformative journey begins with the burning towers of Troy. In these two early epics the heroes suffer the loss of an older world and must resume their pursuit of new identities in a new world after descending to a land of death or underworld to consult ancestor figures who prepare them for the transition to a new life, identity, and destiny. The reader of these works participates in the journeys the heroes undertake and learns to renew contact with the sources of life and consciousness in myth, magic, and vision. Dante＇s journey through the Inferno to his vision of God in Paradiso is a culmination of this transformative experience and vision, whose intent is to transform us as well through imaginative and intellectual participation in the journey. In Jorge Luis Borges＇s parody of Dante in his story, ＂El Aleph＂, Borges goes beyond Dante in making the reader, not only a participant in the journey and vision, but a ＂writer＂ whom Borges evokes to transform the impossible vision of the Aleph into an illusion of reality. Unlike Dante＇s positive transformational vision of the universe as a harmonious cosmos embraced within the vision of God as if it were a book uniting its multiple pages in one binding, the vision of the Aleph confronts the protagonist and readers with a universe that is random and chaotic, a vision that is disillusioning rather than transformational.

History Versus Myth： The Case of One Family＇s Relocation in the United States of America

Some thinkers believe that historical accuracy deviates into myths and legends, when the subjects of discussion are powerful figures, be they human beings or gods. Such thinkers question the accuracy of works like the Odyssey, the llliad and the Bible, wondering where history meets mythology and religion. Another set of thinkers doubts if history is about truth at all. Then, a third group of thinkers wonders what light has modern technology and increased speed of travel have shed light on the subject. These are some of the issues we shall seek to examine, while narrating the story of the relocation of a recent immigrant family from the Northeast to the Midwest of the United States of America. When the date for their move finally came, friends had anxieties and mild cautions about the family＇s decision, wondering if they really understood the geography of the land along with perceived popular notions about the different sections of the big continent turned a country. Then, there was the compensatory dream, casting a different hue on the whole story. As the narrator looked for provisions in a corn field, a large brown snake lounged at her, narrowly missed her, but poured her venomous fluid into a little animal nearby, which died instantaneously. The poor creature had taken the fall for her. A preliminary attempt at dream interpretation suggested trouble ahead, but triumph at the end of the tunnel.

The Feigned Madness of Ulysses and Hamlet： A Derridean Reading of Cartesian Cogito

Ulysses, the towering mythological figure and the hero of the world＇s most famous epic The Odyssey, put on the pretence of madness to shirk the Trojan War. This is not mentioned in Homer, but in Fabulae by Gaius Julius Hyginus. Similarly, Hamlet put on an ＂antic disposition＂ after the ghost exhorted him to kill King Claudius. In these two cases taken from mythology and literature, and pertaining to the Classical period and the Elizabethan age respectively, intelligent characters put on the pretence of madness, in their battle with society though they are in control of their senses. It is the aim of this paper to examine the dynamics of reason and non-reason when combined and brought so close to one another, that they could be easily confounded, in light of Derrida＇s reading of Descartes＇ formulations about reason. Since the two examined works pertain to the Classical and Elizabethan ages respectively, the paper will shed light on the historical background of madness in these periods to give a broader perspective of reason and madness in these works.

The Shroud and the Trope： Representations of Discourse and of the Feminine in Homer＇s Odyssey

Understanding that Homer＇s Odyssey （1998） has a feminine perspective, this paper intends to explore the Greek epic placing queen Penelope as the protagonist, observing, mainly, the narratological shifts in the story grammar, duration and character elaboration. This study also uses Paul Ricoeur＇s The Rule of Metaphor （2008） to analyze the episode of the shroud in Homer＇s Odyssey. Ricoeur sees metaphor in three distinct levels： the level of lexis where he bases himself in the works of Aristotle; the level of phrase in which he recurs to the structuralist linguistician l^mile Benveniste; and the metaphor in the level of discourse, when Ricoeur himself devises an elaborate study of the figure of speech. Penelope＇s weaving can be understood as a representation of discourse and of the feminine. Such analogy transcends the stereotype she is often given and defines a new role for the character in the epic.

A Spatio-Temporal Odyssey Around the Concepts of Sustainable Development and Corporate Social Responsibility： Boundaries to Be Determined？

The aim of this research is to analyze the emergence of the concepts of sustainable development （SD） and corporate social responsibility （CSR） in companies in time and space. A spatio-temporal reading will indicate the most important socio-political and environmental events that have emerged with these two concepts. In order to complete the odyssey, a spatio-temporal analysis has retraced the epistemological evolution of these latter, whilst at the same time remarking the appropriation that has been made by the different institutional and organizational actors. The historical and epistemological reviews tell us that these two concepts, which came into existence almost 80 years, have indefinite outlines; one can be substituted for the other. However, thanks to this odyssey, we have reduced the boundaries even further between sustainable development and social responsibility and shown their theoretic and historical association. The perspective adopted shows that the concept of corporate social responsibility is closely connected to that of sustainable development. This connection means that researchers in management science are faced with more new problem issues reaching further than the simple lack of conceptual consensuses.

China Open Concludes,Bird's Nest Applauded

'Good Luck Beijing'2008 China Athletics Open was held from May 20 to May 25,at Bird's Nest,the major Olympic avenue to be.

The First Student International Olympiad on Mechanism and Machine SciencemThe Challenge in MMS Education

One of important tasks of IFToMM is attraction of youth attention to profound study of mechanism and machine science. To solve this task, special youth programs are developed, various discounts are provided for young researchers＇ participation in IFToMM congresses and conferences. A new progressive type of such an activity is organization of Student International Olympiads （SIO） on Mechanism and Machine Science （MMS） which can be considered a new advantageous form of MMS study. The paper describes experiences of organization and holding the first SIO MMS, which took place on April 19-21,2011 in Izhevsk （Russia） at Izhevsk State Technical University.