Objective: To explore effective ways of conducting STD/AIDS health education among female commercial sex workers in entertainment establishments and to promote implementation of an 100% condom use programme. Methods: ...Objective: To explore effective ways of conducting STD/AIDS health education among female commercial sex workers in entertainment establishments and to promote implementation of an 100% condom use programme. Methods: In-depth interviews were carried out to collect qualitative information about demographic characteristics, STD/AIDS knowledge, attitude and risk behaviors of female sex workers. Female sex workers were selected by sampling and were given baseline survey and assessment after intervention. Based on the results of the interviews, a questionnaire was developed, and intervention measures were determined. These measures included face-to-face interviewing, counseling, and distribution of STD/AIDS information and condoms. Results: 196 and 182 female sex workers of the same population were interviewed separately before and after intervention. STDs/AIDS knowledge had significantly increased after one year's intervention (P <0.01). Knowledge increased in both the intervention group and the non-intervention group but the increase was more significant among sex workers who received the intervention. Risk behaviors remained at baseline levels in both groups. Conclusion: STD/AIDS health education among female sex workers in entertainment establishments was effective and may benefit society, but the strategies need to be adjusted to the female sex workers' lifestyles, particularly their high rates of mobility and high-risk behaviors.展开更多
The growing attention on urban tourism was very widespread. There are two angles to study urban tourism: supply-side and demand-side. And the supply-side of the tourism remains very important. The RBD (Recreation Busi...The growing attention on urban tourism was very widespread. There are two angles to study urban tourism: supply-side and demand-side. And the supply-side of the tourism remains very important. The RBD (Recreation Business District) is a useful framework to understand the components of urban tourism and how they fit together. The paper begins with a review on the RBD and the spatial structure of tourism in urban areas and then attempts to develop a more general understanding of the spatial structure evolution of RBDs in a tourist-historic city-Suzhou. The spatial structures and functions of the RBDs in Suzhou are examined, based on field observations, interviews with city officials and industry leaders, and a review of available documents. The urban tourism of Suzhou has developed in a range of contexts, that various types of RBDs have emerged as a result of different urban development strategies. The spatial structure has evolved from the past "Single-cored Structure" to "Double-cored Structure" at present, and then to "Chain Structure" in the future. The spatial form and evolution of RBD in Suzhou are closely relative with its urban spatial expansion. Urban area dispersal is the prerequisite of the emergence of the RBD. Planning and constructing the RBD becomes a new impetus to urban growth or renewal. Finally, a number of strategies for planning and developing the RBD in Suzhou are suggested. The different RBDs should adopt different strategies. Intensification can be the possible strategy for the RBDs in the ancient city. Accreting with the urban theme park or engrafting on the Jinji Lake is suggested respectively for the RBD in the Suzhou New District and the Suzhou Industrial Park.展开更多
Glaciers, with their unique and spectacular appearances and rich and varied terrain, have received widespread attention and become important tourist attractions. This paper uses the travel cost method to estimate the ...Glaciers, with their unique and spectacular appearances and rich and varied terrain, have received widespread attention and become important tourist attractions. This paper uses the travel cost method to estimate the recreational value of the glacier tourism resources of Yulong Snow Mountain(also called Jade Dragon Snow Mountain), which is the most developed glacier tourist attraction in China. First-hand information was obtained through field surveys, and the travel costs of visitors visiting the Yulong Snow Mountain glacier were calculated before the method was applied to evaluate the recreational value of the focal glacier resource. The results show that the Yulong Snow Mountain consumer surplus associated with its glacier resources in 2016 ranged from 645.59-3439.10 million CNY, and the total recreational value ranged from 1.97-8.17 billion CNY. Approaches allocating travel costs across multiple recreational sites, however, can vary, and there is large difference in estimated results depending on used approaches. Nevertheless, the results of the analysis can help understand the socio-economic value of glacier resources and provide a reference for their development and protection.展开更多
Rural landscape is a complex of natural landscape and human landscape, with various values. The recreational value of rural landscape is a kind of comprehensive benefit with economic, social and ecological, which is p...Rural landscape is a complex of natural landscape and human landscape, with various values. The recreational value of rural landscape is a kind of comprehensive benefit with economic, social and ecological, which is provided by the rural landscape as a recrea- tional resource. Loess Plateau is located at the junction of northern and northwestern of China, with serious water and soil erosion and fragile ecological environment. Jingning County is the national poor county, belonging to Liupanshan concentrated poverty areas. Hulu Watershed in Jingning is the typical valley area of Loess Plateau. In the past few decades, Jingning facing the fragile ecology and pov- erty, has been focusing on apple industry, forming unique rural landscape, exploring an ecological development path, and making much progress in green industrialization and urbanization. The author, according to the apple tree＇s growing stages, divided the rural landscape of Hulu Watershed into 15 types and analyzed its spatial patterns. The recreational value of Hulu Watershed was evaluated at 1.8 x 108-3.6 ~ 108 yuan （RMB） in 2014, by Travel Cost Method and Contingent Valuation Method. The territorial differentiational features of recreational value were that the higher value landscape types concentrated in the surrounding areas of towns and central vil- lages, and the areas along the traffic and river had more development potentiality. The main influence factors were the construction of rural landscape and the development of recreation industry. And the development paths of different landscape types were also proposed. The research conclusions can provide reference for the landscape exploration and recreation industry development in the similar underdeveloped areas in the valley area of Loess Plateau with fragile ecology and poverty.展开更多
Teasing can be approached as a linguistic resource for examining the interpersonal issues of im/politeness and face,or as a discursive strategy for displaying relationships or constructing social identities.However,st...Teasing can be approached as a linguistic resource for examining the interpersonal issues of im/politeness and face,or as a discursive strategy for displaying relationships or constructing social identities.However,studies have underestimated the discursive constraints of teasing in specific contexts.Meanwhile,a majority of teasing studies were based on Western cultures and did not pay sufficient attention to the variety of teasing across cultures.By collecting data from two Chinese entertainment interviews,where the interviewer employs teasing frequently for performing institutional roles,this study examined how teasing functions to assist the interviewer to complete communicative goals,and explored the discursive constraints of teasing in media context.Data analysis exemplified how teasing helped the interviewer to manage an interview event,obtain the guest’s disclosure and seek audience involvement,helping to construct the interviewer’s professionality.Implications for understanding the discursive features of teasing in the Chinese media context were addressed.展开更多
On the basis of analyzing the history and characteristics of the undergroundspace exploitation and the urban space development in Guangzhou, and making a thorough study on theunderground space exploitation based on th...On the basis of analyzing the history and characteristics of the undergroundspace exploitation and the urban space development in Guangzhou, and making a thorough study on theunderground space exploitation based on the subway building, this paper points out some mam problemsin the exploitation of underground space in Guangzhou, and emphasizes that Guangzhou must developthe underground space on a large scale with the aid of the subway building, and puts forward aproposal on the urban space coordinate development between on-ground and underground in GuangzhouCity.展开更多
The emergence of self-driving technologies implies that a future vehicle will likely become an entertainment center that demands personalized multimedia contents with very high quality. The surge of vehicular content ...The emergence of self-driving technologies implies that a future vehicle will likely become an entertainment center that demands personalized multimedia contents with very high quality. The surge of vehicular content demand brings significant challenges for the fifth generation(5G) cellular communication network. To cope with the challenge of massive content delivery, previous studies suggested that the 5G mobile edge network should be designed to integrate communication, computing, and cache(3C) resources to enable advanced functionalities such as proactive content delivery and in-network caching. However, the fundamental benefits achievable by computing and caching in mobile communications networks are not yet properly understood. This paper proposes a novel theoretical framework to characterize the tradeoff among computing, cache, and communication resources required by the mobile edge network to fulfill the task of content delivery. Analytical and numerical results are obtained to characterize the 3C resource tradeoff curve. These results reveal key insights into the fundamental benefits of computing and caching in vehicular mobile content delivery networks.展开更多
基金Supported by Jiangsu China/WHO 100% Condom Use Programme. Project Identifier:WP/ICPMSU3.5/001/RB/02
文摘Objective: To explore effective ways of conducting STD/AIDS health education among female commercial sex workers in entertainment establishments and to promote implementation of an 100% condom use programme. Methods: In-depth interviews were carried out to collect qualitative information about demographic characteristics, STD/AIDS knowledge, attitude and risk behaviors of female sex workers. Female sex workers were selected by sampling and were given baseline survey and assessment after intervention. Based on the results of the interviews, a questionnaire was developed, and intervention measures were determined. These measures included face-to-face interviewing, counseling, and distribution of STD/AIDS information and condoms. Results: 196 and 182 female sex workers of the same population were interviewed separately before and after intervention. STDs/AIDS knowledge had significantly increased after one year's intervention (P <0.01). Knowledge increased in both the intervention group and the non-intervention group but the increase was more significant among sex workers who received the intervention. Risk behaviors remained at baseline levels in both groups. Conclusion: STD/AIDS health education among female sex workers in entertainment establishments was effective and may benefit society, but the strategies need to be adjusted to the female sex workers' lifestyles, particularly their high rates of mobility and high-risk behaviors.
文摘The growing attention on urban tourism was very widespread. There are two angles to study urban tourism: supply-side and demand-side. And the supply-side of the tourism remains very important. The RBD (Recreation Business District) is a useful framework to understand the components of urban tourism and how they fit together. The paper begins with a review on the RBD and the spatial structure of tourism in urban areas and then attempts to develop a more general understanding of the spatial structure evolution of RBDs in a tourist-historic city-Suzhou. The spatial structures and functions of the RBDs in Suzhou are examined, based on field observations, interviews with city officials and industry leaders, and a review of available documents. The urban tourism of Suzhou has developed in a range of contexts, that various types of RBDs have emerged as a result of different urban development strategies. The spatial structure has evolved from the past "Single-cored Structure" to "Double-cored Structure" at present, and then to "Chain Structure" in the future. The spatial form and evolution of RBD in Suzhou are closely relative with its urban spatial expansion. Urban area dispersal is the prerequisite of the emergence of the RBD. Planning and constructing the RBD becomes a new impetus to urban growth or renewal. Finally, a number of strategies for planning and developing the RBD in Suzhou are suggested. The different RBDs should adopt different strategies. Intensification can be the possible strategy for the RBDs in the ancient city. Accreting with the urban theme park or engrafting on the Jinji Lake is suggested respectively for the RBD in the Suzhou New District and the Suzhou Industrial Park.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41690143)the Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.SKLCS-OP-201602)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities from Nanjing Agricultural University,China (Grant No.SK2016033)
文摘Glaciers, with their unique and spectacular appearances and rich and varied terrain, have received widespread attention and become important tourist attractions. This paper uses the travel cost method to estimate the recreational value of the glacier tourism resources of Yulong Snow Mountain(also called Jade Dragon Snow Mountain), which is the most developed glacier tourist attraction in China. First-hand information was obtained through field surveys, and the travel costs of visitors visiting the Yulong Snow Mountain glacier were calculated before the method was applied to evaluate the recreational value of the focal glacier resource. The results show that the Yulong Snow Mountain consumer surplus associated with its glacier resources in 2016 ranged from 645.59-3439.10 million CNY, and the total recreational value ranged from 1.97-8.17 billion CNY. Approaches allocating travel costs across multiple recreational sites, however, can vary, and there is large difference in estimated results depending on used approaches. Nevertheless, the results of the analysis can help understand the socio-economic value of glacier resources and provide a reference for their development and protection.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271556,41301637)
文摘Rural landscape is a complex of natural landscape and human landscape, with various values. The recreational value of rural landscape is a kind of comprehensive benefit with economic, social and ecological, which is provided by the rural landscape as a recrea- tional resource. Loess Plateau is located at the junction of northern and northwestern of China, with serious water and soil erosion and fragile ecological environment. Jingning County is the national poor county, belonging to Liupanshan concentrated poverty areas. Hulu Watershed in Jingning is the typical valley area of Loess Plateau. In the past few decades, Jingning facing the fragile ecology and pov- erty, has been focusing on apple industry, forming unique rural landscape, exploring an ecological development path, and making much progress in green industrialization and urbanization. The author, according to the apple tree＇s growing stages, divided the rural landscape of Hulu Watershed into 15 types and analyzed its spatial patterns. The recreational value of Hulu Watershed was evaluated at 1.8 x 108-3.6 ~ 108 yuan （RMB） in 2014, by Travel Cost Method and Contingent Valuation Method. The territorial differentiational features of recreational value were that the higher value landscape types concentrated in the surrounding areas of towns and central vil- lages, and the areas along the traffic and river had more development potentiality. The main influence factors were the construction of rural landscape and the development of recreation industry. And the development paths of different landscape types were also proposed. The research conclusions can provide reference for the landscape exploration and recreation industry development in the similar underdeveloped areas in the valley area of Loess Plateau with fragile ecology and poverty.
基金supported by the Department of Education of Guangdong Province entitled innovation project “An Interpersonal Pragmatic Study of Humor in Chinese Broadcasting Context” (No.: 2017WQNCX042)Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics at Guandong Univerisity of Foreign Studies, China for the project of the frontier research and its theoretical innovation in interpersonal pragmatics (2018WZDXM006)+2 种基金China Scholarship Council (2018)participated in the Hungarian Academy funded MTA Lendulet (LP2017/5) project of Professor Dániel Z.Kádárthe support from the Chinese MOE Research Project of Humanities and Social Science (Project No.: 16JJD740006) conducted by Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.
文摘Teasing can be approached as a linguistic resource for examining the interpersonal issues of im/politeness and face,or as a discursive strategy for displaying relationships or constructing social identities.However,studies have underestimated the discursive constraints of teasing in specific contexts.Meanwhile,a majority of teasing studies were based on Western cultures and did not pay sufficient attention to the variety of teasing across cultures.By collecting data from two Chinese entertainment interviews,where the interviewer employs teasing frequently for performing institutional roles,this study examined how teasing functions to assist the interviewer to complete communicative goals,and explored the discursive constraints of teasing in media context.Data analysis exemplified how teasing helped the interviewer to manage an interview event,obtain the guest’s disclosure and seek audience involvement,helping to construct the interviewer’s professionality.Implications for understanding the discursive features of teasing in the Chinese media context were addressed.
文摘On the basis of analyzing the history and characteristics of the undergroundspace exploitation and the urban space development in Guangzhou, and making a thorough study on theunderground space exploitation based on the subway building, this paper points out some mam problemsin the exploitation of underground space in Guangzhou, and emphasizes that Guangzhou must developthe underground space on a large scale with the aid of the subway building, and puts forward aproposal on the urban space coordinate development between on-ground and underground in GuangzhouCity.
基金the support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61571378)
文摘The emergence of self-driving technologies implies that a future vehicle will likely become an entertainment center that demands personalized multimedia contents with very high quality. The surge of vehicular content demand brings significant challenges for the fifth generation(5G) cellular communication network. To cope with the challenge of massive content delivery, previous studies suggested that the 5G mobile edge network should be designed to integrate communication, computing, and cache(3C) resources to enable advanced functionalities such as proactive content delivery and in-network caching. However, the fundamental benefits achievable by computing and caching in mobile communications networks are not yet properly understood. This paper proposes a novel theoretical framework to characterize the tradeoff among computing, cache, and communication resources required by the mobile edge network to fulfill the task of content delivery. Analytical and numerical results are obtained to characterize the 3C resource tradeoff curve. These results reveal key insights into the fundamental benefits of computing and caching in vehicular mobile content delivery networks.
